버티칼 브라인드와 롤 스크린의 방염성능 유지에 관한 연구

정현규(Hyun Gyu Jeong),조원철(Won cheol Cho),이태식(Tae Sik Lee) 한국방재안전학회 2010 한국방재안전학회 논문집 Vol.3 No.2

본 연구는 최근 직물커튼의 대용으로 가장 많이 사용하고 있는 버티컬 브라인드와 롤 스크린을 대상으로 방염제품과 비 방염제품의 연소차이를 규명하여 방염의 필요성을 확인하고 방염제품의 방염성능 지속성을 실험을 통하여 규명하고자 소방대상물에 설치되어 장기간 사용한 버티컬 브라인드와 롤 스크린을 수거하여 세탁 전 후의 방염성능을 확인한다. 이 결과를 토대로 방염제품의 성능을 규명하고 외국의 방염관련 법규와 국내 방염관련 법규의 비교분석을 통하여 국내 방염법규의 확대적용 필요성과 개선점을 도출함을 목적으로 한다. 연구결과, 방염제품과 비 방염제품과의 성능과 안전성은 확연한 차이를 볼 수 있었다. 방염제품은 불꽃과 접하면 바로 연소를 하며 용융하고 단지 착화하지 않으므로 연소 확대를 막을 수 있다는 이점이 있다. 반면 비방염제품은 120 cm의 시험체가 전소하는데 불과 3분도 걸리지 않는 다는 것을 알 수 있다. 이를 실제 화재에 적용시 연소확대에 큰 차이를 보일 것이다. 내세탁성이 없는 브라인드의 경우 세탁을 하면 방염성능이 현저하게 감소할 것으로 예상을 했으나 세탁전과 비교하여 큰 차이를 보이지 않았다. 따라서 방염브라인드도 내 세탁성을 가질 수 있음을 입증하였고 엄격한 생산과정을 통한 내구성의 유지에 관심을 가져야 하겠다. This study focuses on two points. First, I have examined the differe nce on combustion between flame-retardant and non flame-retard ant products including vertical blinds and roll screens that are widely used as a substitute for fabric curtains. The second point is to see how long flame-retardant goods can be durable, that is, flame retardant durability after washing in liquid. the experiment on the flame-retardant ability before and after washing of vertical blinds and roll screens that have been used for a long time in fire protection construct. Comparing and analyzing domestic and foreign laws on flame-retardant after the experiment on durability of these products. I aim to draw necess ity for increased application of internal laws and regulations on flame-retardant and show how to improve the point at issue. According to the result, clear differences in performance and safety were observed between flame-retardant and non flame-retardant products. flame-retardant materials can prevent things from fire spread without igniting but melting when they've met flame and burnt, In contrast, non flame-retardant material for experiment which size is 120cm long takes less than 3 minutes only to be completely destroyed by fire. However, it was expected for flame-retardant dura bility of flame-retardant blinds which are not washable to decrease flame-retardant durability after being washed with water, there was no sharp difference. so it is demonstrated that flame-retardant blinds can keep flame-retardant durability. accordingly through the strict coure of product we are concerned about keeping dura bility.

친환경 액상 난연제를 이용한 대나무섬유의 난연화 연구

이동우 ( Dong-woo Lee ),리막심 ( Maksym Li ),송정일 ( Jung-il Song ) 한국복합재료학회 2022 Composites research Vol.35 No.6

천연섬유는 가연성이 높아 난연화가 쉽지않으며, 친환경적인 특성을 활용하기 위해서는 친환경적으로 난연화시키는 것이 필요하다. 본 연구에서는 자연으로부터 유래한 난연 후보물질인 Phytic acid, APTES, Thiourea를 기반으로 하는 액상 난연제를 제조하고 대나무 섬유의 난연처리 및 난연성 평가를 통하여 그 성능을 입증하고자 하였다. 액상 난연제를 사용할 경우 대량의 천연섬유에 대한 난연처리가 가능하다. 다구찌 시험계획법에 따라 9종류의 난연처리된 대나무 섬유를 준비하였다. 그후 난연성 평가를 위하여 수직 연소시험 및 마이크로칼로리미터 시험을 수행하였으며, SEM을 이용하여 난연처리 전후의 천연섬유 표면을 비교하였다. 시험결과 Phytic acid가 천연섬유의 난연성 향상에 매우 큰 효과가 있음을 알 수 있었으며 미세구조 분석을 통하여 난연제가 천연섬유 표면에 균일하게 부착되는데 도움을 주는 것을 알 수 있었다. 이와 같은 연구성과를 활용할 경우 대량의 천연섬유를 친환경적인 방법으로 고난연화 하는 것이 가능하여 시제품 적용에 유리할 것으로 기대된다. Since natural fibers are highly flammable, it is not easy to make them flame retardant. In this study, a liquid flame retardant based on phytic acid, APTES, and Thiourea, which are flame retardant candidates derived from nature, was prepared and its performance was verified through flame retardant treatment and flame retardancy evaluation of bamboo fibers. When a liquid flame retardant is used, it is possible to treat a large amount of natural fibers with flame retardant treatment. Nine types of flame-retardant treated bamboo fibers were prepared according to the Taguchi design of experiment method. Thereafter, vertical burning test and microcalorimeter test were performed for flame retardancy evaluation, and the surface of natural fibers before and after flame-retardant treatment was compared using scanning electron microscope. The results show that phytic acid has a significant effect on improving the flame retardancy of natural fibers. Through microstructure analysis, it was assumed that the phytic acid helps flame retardant to uniformly adhere to the surface of natural fibers. If such research results are utilized, it is possible to make a large amount of natural fibers high flammability in an eco-friendly way, which is expected to be advantageous for the application of prototypes.

Flame Retardancy of Wood Products by Spreading Concentration and Impregnation Time of Flame Retardant(방염제의 도포량과 침지시간 차이에 따른 목재제품의 방염성능)

( Sohyun Park ),( Yeonjung Han ),( Dong Won Son ) 한국목재공학회 2020 목재공학 Vol.48 No.4

The flame retardancy, such as carbonized length and area, of four plank type wood products by the spreading concentration and impregnation time of flame retardant were measured according to standard of the Nation Fire Agency in Republic of Korea. To measure the flame retardancy, Korean pine plywood, Japanese larch plywood, Japanese cypress planks, and perforated birch plywood boards were treated with self-development flame retardant by 300 and 500 g/m2 spreading concentration and those were compared with control specimen. In general, the flame retardant performance of wood products improved as the spreading concentration of flame retardant increased. Except for Japanese larch plywood, there was no significant difference in the flame retardant performance by the spreading concentration. The flame retardant performance of perforated birch plywood board was positively correlated up to 60 minutes of impregnation time, but then gradually decreased. These results about the flame retardancy of wood products by spreading concentration and impregnation time were expected to be basic data for improving flame-retardant treated wood.

Study on the Combustion Characteristics of Tulip Tree (Liriodendron tulipifera) for Use as Interior Building Materials

김민지,이상준,김세종,양명선,손동원,김철기 한국목재공학회 2023 목재공학 Vol.51 No.5

In this study, the combustion characteristics of the Tulip tree, which is the representative broad-leaved afforestation tree in Korea, were analyzed. The flame retardant performance of the Tulip tree was analyzed by analyzing combustion characteristics on a total of three test samples; flame retardant treated, both flame retardant and oil stain-treated, and untreated. Then the flame retardance grade was classified for each of them. According to the result, test samples showed the strongest flame retardance were in order of flame retardant treated (C), both flame retardant and oil stain-treated (B), and untreated (A). As a result of analyzing the total heat emission and maximum heat emission rates, which is the evaluation standard for interior materials of Korean domestic buildings, test samples with flame retardant treat or flame retardant and oil stain treat were qualified for the flame-retardant standard. Both flame retardant and oil stain-treated samples showed higher total heat release (THR) and heat release rate compared to flame retardant-treated samples as the oil causes combustion with oxygen. On the other hand, they didn’t qualify the THR in Quasi-non-combustible standards. To determine the correlation between the physical and combustion characteristics of wood, the combustion characteristics of other diffuse porous wood species, with which the Tulip tree is affiliated were analyzed, and noticed that the characteristic correlates with the density and quantity of wood. The results of this study are expected to be used as basic information on the combustion characteristics of the Tulip tree.

High Flame Retardancy and High-strength of Polymer Composites with Synergistically Reinforced MOSw and EG

Kim, Chowon,Lee, Jinwoo,Yoon, Hyejeong,Suhr, Jonghwan The Korean Society for Composite Materials 2022 Composites research Vol.35 No.5

Polymers are inherently vulnerable to flame, which limits their application to various high-tech industries. In addition, environmental regulations restrict the use of halogen-based flame retardants which has best flame-retardant effect. There are inorganic flame retardants and phosphorous flame retardants as representative non-halogen-based flame retardants. However, high content of flame retardants is required to impart high flame retardancy of the polymers, and this leads to a decrease in mechanical properties. In this research, a new approach for inorganic flame retardant-based polymer composites with high mechanical properties and flame retardancy was suggested. Inorganic flame retardants called as magnesium oxysulfate whisker (MOSw) were used in this research. MOSw can extinguish fire by releasing water and non-combustible gases when exposed to flame. In addition, they have reinforcing effect when added into the polymer with its high aspect ratio. Expandable graphite (EG) was used as a flame-retardant supplement by helping to form a more dense char layer. Through this research, it is expected that it can be applied to various industries requiring flame retardancy such as automobile, and architecture by replacing halogen-based flame polymer composites.

환경친화형 아미드인산계/무기계 나노복합 난연제 제조 및 물성 분석

윤상현,윤지수,신민철,설주리,심재윤,고준석 한국섬유공학회 2019 한국섬유공학회지 Vol.56 No.1

A phosphoramidic acid/inorganic hybridized nanocomposite flame retardant was prepared and characterized for application to polyurethane artificial leather. Three ceramics were prepared using the pursed wire evaporation method. Aluminum was selected as a ceramic flame retardant, considering its flame retardant synergy effects with phosphoramidic acid-based flame retardants. The surface of the Al ceramic flame retardant was functionalized by condensation reaction with silane coupling agents, followed by mixing with the phosphoramidic acid-based flame retardant, to produce a phosphoramidic acid/inorganic hybridized nanocomposite flame retardant. The surface functionalization of the Al ceramic flame retardant was confirmed by SEM-EDS. Particle size reduction to a lower range was achieved by the addition of a dispersing agent. The results of hydrolysis, solubility, and fire retardant tests indicated that the prepared phosphoramidic acid/inorganic hybridized nanocomposite flame retardant had adequate flame retardancy and overall properties for the manufacture of polyurethane artificial leather.

Research on Flame Retardant Plywood with Different Flame Retardants

( Yang Liu ),( Jun-xian Xu ),( Ming-yu Wen ),( Hee-jun Park ),( Jia-zhi Zhu ),( Yu-nan Liu ) 한국목재공학회 2021 목재공학 Vol.49 No.6

The flame retardancy of plywood should be improved as much as possible while minimizing the impact on the bonding strength of plywood. Six commercial flame retardants and three laboratory synthesized phosphorous nitrogen flame retardants were selected. E₀, E₁ and E₂ grade commercial formaldehyde resins (UF) were applied in this study to evaluate the effect of different flame retardants on the curing time of resin, bonding strength, flame retardant performance, and formaldehyde emission of plywood. The results show that the effect of the addition of different flame retardants on the bonding strength of plywood gradually decreased with the increase of the formaldehyde molar ratio of the resin. The effect of flame retardants on the curing time of UF gradually decreased as the mole ratio of formaldehyde increasing, while the amount of formaldehyde emission varied according to the content of formaldehyde in the flame retardant. Compared with plywood without flame retardant, flame retardant of plywood added with phosphorous nitrogen flame retardant was improved.

목재밀도와 방염처리방법에 따른 방염성능분석 연구

차민우(Cha, Minwoo),이세명(Lee, Semyeoung) 한국방재학회 2021 한국방재학회논문집 Vol.21 No.4

이 연구를 위해 실생활 및 건축 인테리어 재료로 많이 사용되는 목재 중 밀도가 다른 4종류(가문비나무, 저/중/고밀도 MDF)를 선정하였다. 이들 각각에 대해 방염도료(수성과 유성) 및 방염액을 3가지 방염처리방법(롤러법, 붓칠법, 분무법)으로 2~5회 도포 및 분무하여 방염성능을 시험하였다. 시험결과를 토대로 밀도가 다른 4종류의 목재시료에 대해 방염도료(수성/유성) 및 방염액, 방염처리방법, 방염도포횟수별 방염성능과 착화시간을 비교 분석하였으며, 이러한 연구 결과는 목재의 밀도와 방염처리방법에 따른 방염성능 변화에 대한 실증적 자료로 활용될 수 있을 것이다. For this study, four types of wood with different densities (spruce and low-, medium-, and high-density fiberboards) were selected from wood widely used as materials in real life, particularly in architectural interiors. For each wood type, flame-retardant paints (water- and oil-based) and flame-retardant liquids were applied two to five times using three flame-retardant treatment methods (roller, brush, and spray) to test the flame-retardant performance. For the four types of wood specimens with different densities, their flame-retardant performances and ignition times were compared and analyzed according to the applied flame-retardant paint (water- and oil-based) and liquid, treatment method, and frequency at which a specific paint was applied. These results can be used as empirical data on changes in flame-retardant performance based on density of wood and flame-retardant treatment method.

인 및 할로겐 함유 EPDM 고무 혼합물의 난연 특성에 관한 연구

최성수 ( Seong Su Choi ),임완빈 ( Wan Bin Im ),김진홍 ( Jin Hong Kim ),황영애 ( Young-ae W. Park ),우제완 ( Je Wan Woo ) 한국고무학회 2002 엘라스토머 및 콤포지트 Vol.37 No.4

본 연구에서는 EPDM 고무를 기지재로 사용하여 유기 난연제에 따른 난연 특성을 살펴보았다. EPDM 원료 고무에 카아본블랙, 스테아르산, 산화아연 가교제 등을 배합하여, 난연제가 첨가되지 않은 EPDM 고무 혼합물인 E0를 제조하였다. E0에 인계 난연제인 Tricresyl phosphate(TCP)를 인 함량이 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2 phr로 변량 첨가하여 E1~E4를 제조하였고, 적인을 인 함량이 3, 6, 9, 15 ,phr로 변량 첨가하여 E5~E8를 제조하였다. 또한 브롬계 난연제인 데카브로모디페닐옥사이드(DBDPO)와 염소계 난연제인 염화파라핀은 각각 브롬과 염소 함량을 3, 6, 9, 15 phr로 변량 첨가하여 E9~E12와 E13~E16을 각각 제조하였다. 난연제의 종류에 따라 제조된 고무시료의 인장 및 인열, 경도 등의 기본 물성을 시험하였으나, 난연제 함량에 의한 이들 변화는 커다란 차이를 보이지 않았다. 또한 난연 특성을 알아보기 위한 산소지수 시험에서는 E0의 산소지수가 23.5%를 나타내었으며, 난연제를 첨가한 고무의 산소지수는 23.7~28.5%를 나타내어서 난연 특성이 향상됨을 알 수 있었다. 또한 UL94의 수평법에 의한 시험에서 난연제로 적인을 사용한 EPDM 고무 혼합물의 난연 효과가 가장 우수함을 확인 할 수 있었고 반면 TCP를 첨가한 고무 혼합물의 경우, 블리딩(Bleeding)현상이 심하여 시험 결과의 재현성을 얻지 못하였다. 전반적으로 난연제의 종류에 관계없이 함량 증가에 따라 연소율이 감소하였고 난연 효과가 향상됨을 확인하였다. This study has investigated the flame retardant properties of EPDM rubber with the addition of various flame retardants. Carbon black, stearic acid, zinc oxide cross-linking agent were mixed with EPDM rubber to produce the base rubber E0 without the addition of flame retardants. Phosphorus flame retardant Tricrecyl phosphate(TCP) was added to E0 in 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2 phr to make E1~E4 samples and red phosphorus was added in 3, 6, 9, 12 phr to make E5~E8 samples. A flame retardant of the bromine family Decabromodiphenyloxide(DBDPO), and a chlorinated paraffin retardant of the chlorine family was added to E0 in 3, 6, 9, 12 phr to make E9~E12 and E13~E16 samples, repectively. Basic physical properties such as tensile strength, tear strength and hardness were measured for all the rubber samples with various flame retardnat additions. There was no substantial differences. On the other hand, Oxygen index and UL94 were measured to study flame retardant properties. From oxygen index measurements E0 sample showed a value of 23.5%, indicating the improvement of flame retardant properties. Also from UL94 measurements, it was found that addition of red phosphorus resulted in maximum flame retardant effect. It was found that increasing the amount of addition resulted in decreasing combustion rate and improving flame retardant effect regardless of the kind of flame retardant.

할로겐프리 인계 난연 폴리우레탄 수지의 합성 및 난연 라미네이팅 원단 제품 응용

오경택,김민수,한기섭,김종찬,이병천,김문정,이정순 한국생활과학회 2022 한국생활과학회지 Vol.31 No.3

The purpose of this study is to design a halogen-free, phosphorus flame retardant polyurethane resin composition formulation possessing suitable mechanical properties for use. The flame-retardant performance of the laminating fabric, to which the synthesized flame-retardant polyurethane resin composition of optimal conditions was applied, was confirmed. Through Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy analysis, it was possible to confirm the specific peak of the urethane reaction and the flame-retardant polyurethane resin. As the amount of phosphorus-based flame-retardant polyol increased, the elongation and tensile strength decreased. As the content of the chain extender increased, the tensile strength increased but the elongation decreased. The content of the flame retardant polyol and the molar ratio of the chain extender and the diisocyanate were kept constant, and the molar ratio of the low molecular weight polyol to the high molecular weight polyol was adjusted. As a result, a phosphorus polyurethane possessing appropriate mechanical properties and excellent flame retardancy with a tensile strength of 432kg/ and an elongation of 423% was synthesized. In addition, when dimethylacetamide was used instead of dimethylformamide as a solvent, similar levels of physical properties were observed, confirming the applicability of an eco-friendly solvent. The flame retardancy of the triple-laminated fabric for safety protective clothing applied with the newly developed flame-retardant polyurethane resin and the triple-laminated fabric for wall coverings met the standards of flame retardant products. 본 연구의 목적은 사용하기에 적합한 기계적 특성을 갖는 무할로겐 인계 난연성 폴리우레탄 수지 조성물 제형을 설계하는 것이다. 합성된 최적 조건의 난연성 폴리우레탄 수지 조성물을 적용한 라미네이팅 원단의 난연성능을 확인하였다. FT-IR 분석을 통해 제조된 폴리우레탄 수지는 우레탄 반응이 잘 일어나고 인계 난연성 폴리우레탄 수지가 잘 합성됨을 확인하였다. 인계 난연 폴리올의 함량이 증가할수록 신도 및 인장강도는 감소하였다. 사슬연장제의 함량이 증가할수록 인장강도는 증가하나 신도는 감소하였다. 난연성 폴리올의 함량 및 사슬연장제와 디이소시아네이트의 몰비는 일정하게 유지하였고, 저분자량 폴리올 대 고분자량 폴리올의 몰비를 조절하였다. 그 결과, 인장강도 432kg/ 및 신율 423%로 적절한 기계적 물성과 우수한 난연성을 갖는 인 폴리우레탄을 합성하였다. 또한 친환경 용매인 DMAc/MEK를 사용할 수 있음을 확인하였다. 개발된 난연성 폴리우레탄 수지를 적용한 안전보호복 3중적층원단과 벽지용 3중적층원단의 난연성은 난연제품의 기준을 만족하였다.