장(場)과 장(場)이론에 대한 ≪장자≫에서의 분석과 확장

김덕삼 ( Kim¸ Dugsam ) 고려대학교 중국학연구소 2021 中國學論叢 Vol.- No.73

Field and Field theory are mentioned in various fields of study. However, it was only microscopic in each area. Of course, there has been no comprehensive review of the Field and Field theory, or research solely on it. Therefore, Field and Field theory, it is difficult to provide ways to improve analysis of the problems. Thus, this paper discusses three main aspects and tries to address some of the problems in the Field and Field Theory. ‘2. Field and Field Theory’, the previously discussed discourse was considered in two separate ways. One is the use of the term Field and Field Theory as it is. The other is when the term Field and Field theory is not used, but is meaningfully the same. This considered the problems and limitations presented in existing studies and discussions. ‘3. Analysis in ≪Zhuang zi≫’, the problem shown in the previous study was mainly analyzed with ≪Zhuang zi≫. It mainly focused on the field of stance, the overlap of the field, and the relativity of the subject and the field. Of course more discussion is possible. However, when considering the intersection of ≪Zhuang zi≫ and Field Theory, it was judged to be the most important part. ‘4. Extension in ≪Zhuang zi≫’, Based on the previous work, the expansion of the Field and Field Theory was focused on ≪Zhuang zi≫. This was discussed in three main aspects. First is the presentation of a larger ‘Field’ concept for coexistence, second, the expansion of the Field concept associated with Place, and third, the recognition of limitations. I think it’s time to start with this research and bring together and link the Field and Field Theory and derive its benefits. Furthermore, developing from existing discussions focused only on the subject or structure, It is necessary to find a balance of thinking by keeping in mind the relationship and change between the subject and the field.

장(場) 개념의 사용과 확장 탐구

김덕삼,이경자 동방문화대학원대학교 동양학연구소 2022 동방문화와 사상 Vol.12 No.-

This The field concept mentioned in academics exists with a wide range of meanings in various fields. In this paper, the study focused on the use and expansion of the field concept. To this end, the use of the concept of 'field' was first analyzed. The field concept, which had an important influence on the discourse on the field, was divided into symbolic use and deceptive use, and examined in physics, morphology, Chinese thought, structuralism, and sociology. Subsequently, the common meaning of the field concept shown in this use was analyzed. In other words, the common meaning was identified as a field that refers to one area, a field that implies perception of a relationship, and a field that has a multi-layered tendency. Subsequently, the value and necessity that the field concept should be studied and utilized were examined. At present, it is difficult to accurately grasp the effects and changes related to the field, but in the future, more accurate results will be derived, so continuous research on the field is needed. In addition, the field concept has a value that makes you think beyond the limits of the field, and furthermore, it can be the basis for community thinking, so the value and necessity of research on the field concept are great. And based on the above research, the expansion of the field concept was considered. This is an extension as a relationship between the subject and the field and an extension as an overlap of the field. Through this paper, we review discourses on fields mentioned in various fields and think that laying the foundation for theoretical establishment of fields is a meaningful beginning for field theory research. In particular, it was confirmed that 'field' was expressed in various meanings, and the word 'field' was used in various ways. More verification and analysis will be requested in the future, and systematic analysis and the use of creative field theory will be requested, but the purpose and significance of this study are given in terms of organizing fields and considering future directions. 학문에서 언급되는 장(場) 개념은 다양한 분야에서 폭넓은 뜻을 가진다. 그중 본 연구는 장 개념의 사용과 확장에 대해 탐구하고자 하였다. 이를 위해, ‘Ⅱ장 개념의 사용과 의미’에서는 ‘장’ 개념의 사용을 분석하였다. 장에 대한 담론이 형성될 수 있는 중요한 영향을 미친 장 개념을 기표적 사용과 기의적 사용으로 구분하여 물리학, 형태심리학, 중국 사상, 구조주의, 사회학 등에서 살펴보았다. 나아가 이러한 사용에 나타난 장 개념의 공통적 의미를 분석하였다. 즉, 하나의 영역을 말하는 장, 관계에 대한 인식을 내포하는 장, 다층적 성향을 갖고 있는 장으로 그 공통된 의미를 파악하였다. ‘Ⅲ장 개념의 가치와 확장’에서는 먼저 장 개념이 연구되고 활용되어야 할 가치와 필요성에 대하여 살펴보았다. 현재로서는 장과 관련된 영향과 변화를 정확히 파악하기 어렵지만, 향후 보다 정확한 결과를 도출하기 위해 장에 대한 지속적 연구가 필요하다고 보았다. 또한 장 개념은 장의 한계를 넘어 생각하게 하는 가치를 갖고 있으며, 나아가 공동체적 사고의 기초가 될 수 있기에 장 개념에 대한 연구의 가치와 필요성을 제기하였다. 그리고 이상의 연구를 토대로 장 개념의 확장에 대하여 고찰하였다. 이는 주체와 장의 관계로서의 확장, 장의 중첩으로서의 확장이다. 장 개념은 다양하게 사용되지만, 장 개념 자체에 대한 통합적 접근의 연구와 정리는 전무한 편이다. 향후 체계적인 연구와 창의적인 장이론의 확장이 진행될 것이다. 본고는 이러한 장 연구의 방향과 가능성을 가늠한다는 측면에서 일정 정도 기여할 것이라 기대한다.

니트 제품 생산경로에 따른 현장용어 조사

이인숙 한국니트디자인학회 2015 패션과 니트 Vol.13 No.1

Knit industry is not well in the clothing business terminology and communication between the production field learned from the institution, but also for the knitwear industry terms established by this method, which is also expressed at the scene learned another language and character different from organizing a field term there is an urgent need. This purpose of this study is to collect field terminology used in the actual production field in each production path look for knitwear production path, dictionary meanings and educational terms as compared research, by identifying the features the competitiveness of knitwear industry to provide the basic data that can contribute. Research methods include reference to previous research and literature were associated with substantially production field direct interviews with the center at the production field to collect the data presented. Research on production path by the field term is as follows. First, most Japanese representation is expressed using a common English expressions. Second, pronounced changes were pronounced in this field led to terms such as word-of-mouth. Third, if a word has been used many other names are 2-3 individuals are mixed. Fourth, the term is used in the same field in a knitted fabric used in the production field. Fifth, there is a production field terms and terminology used, such as educational term. The tern field knitwear, it can be seen that most Japanese is expressed differently according to changes in the oral pronunciation down leads to the case of the common origin. There is a field term structured knitwear data was found to underdeveloped industry.

High-Performance Field-Emission Properties of Boron Nitride Nanotube Field Emitters

Yun, Ki Nam,Sun, Yuning,Han, Jun Soo,Song, Yoon-Ho,Lee, Cheol Jin American Chemical Society 2017 ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES Vol.9 No.2

<P>Boron nitride nanotubes (BNNTs) have attracted considerable attention as a field emission material because of their high mechanical strength, high negative electron affinity, and high oxidation resistance. Nevertheless, the obtained field-emission properties of BNNTs have indicated poor emission performance, which is a very high turn-on electric field with a low emission current. We fabricated BNNT field emitters and investigated their field-emission properties. The field-emission properties of the BNNT field emitters were considerably enhanced compared to those of other BN nanomaterial-based field emitters. The turn-on and the threshold electric fields of the BNNT field emitter were 3.1 and 5.4 V/mu m at the gap distance of 750 mu m, respectively. Both the turn-on and the threshold electric fields of the BNNT field emitters were decreased by increasing the gap distance between the emitter tip and the anode electrode. Degradation of the emission current during field emission operation for 20 h showed no significant difference according to the gap distance. Emission current fluctuation of the BNNT field emitters showed that the smaller gap was more unstable than the larger gap. The enhanced emission properties are mainly attributed to the small diameter, high-quality, and straight structure of BNNTs as well as the stable network formation of the BNNT film with good mechanical and electrical contact between the BNNTs and the cathode electrode. The remarkable emission performance of the BNNT field emitters might have promising applications for various field-emission devices.</P>

유방암 환자의 Field-in-Field Technique 치료 시 호흡의 움직임에 따른 선량 평가

권경태 대한방사선과학회 2018 방사선기술과학 Vol.41 No.6

Field-in-Field Technique is applied to the radiation therapy of breast cancer patients, and it is possible to compensate the difference in breast thickness and deliver uniform dose in the breast. However, there are several fields in the treatment field that result in a more complex dose delivery than a single field dose delivery. If the patient's respiration is irregular during the delivery of the dose by several fields and the change of respiration occurs, the dose distribution in the breast changes. Therefore, based on the computed tomography images of breast cancer patients, a human model was created by using a 3D printer (Builder Extreme 1000) to describe the volume in the same manner. A computerized tomography (CT) of the human body model was performed and a treatment plan of 260 cGy / fx was established using a 6-MV field-in-field technique using a computerized treatment planning system (Eclipse 13.6, Varian, USA). The distribution of the dose in the breast according to the change of the respiration was measured using a moving phantom at 0.1 cm, 0.3 cm, 0.5 cm amplitude, using a MOSOXIDE Silicon Field Effect Transistor (MOSFET, Best Medical, Canada) Were measured and compared. The distribution of dose in the breast according to the change of respiration showed similar value within ± 2% in the movement up to 0.3 cm compared to the treatment plan. In this experiment, we found that the dose distribution in the breast due to the change of respiration when the change of respiration was increased was not much different from the treatment plan.

물리학적 장 개념을 도입한 건축장 이론의 구축과 적용가능성

이승용,김성우 대한건축학회 2005 대한건축학회논문집 Vol.21 No.5

The object of this study is to show the concept of 'architectural field'(建築場) is the method of understanding architecture concretely. The field concept in physics suggests the shift of paradigm in phenomena in the world. And the relations of this interaction in the field run to show the substance of phenomena. As this concept of field in physics, the architectural field is adapted as an important role to interpret the substance of architecture. The architectural field is characterized of five items.① A building and space are not divided. So the architectural field has the characteristic of interpenetration and ambivalence.② In the architectural field, the interaction is done by inter-change through each data in the architectural space.③ The architectural field is to do the interaction and consisted of by the relations. And such relations become the substance of the architecture. And also the architectural field is composed by the net system of the relations.④ The degree of relations is different by the relation with the building. And the scope of relation is defined according to this degree and it compose the area. The unit area is organized as the most related to building and is enlarged by relations.⑤ The building and architectural space is organized with energy. The architectural space is the place which the energy has been latent to inter-relate. And then the relations are worked in the architectural space according to the energy principle.The process of understanding architecture by this concept is;to define a scope of the field, to check the net system in the scope, and to interpret the net system by the methods of interaction and relations on the energy principle, and to evaluate these interpretations by compare with 'environmental field'.

논에 있어서 포장정보 공간변이의 공간통계학적 해석

이충근,손연규,성제훈,정인규,김상철,박우풍,박원규 한국국제농업개발학회 2002 韓國國際農業開發學會誌 Vol.14 No.2

논에 있어서 정밀농업을 위한 기초자료수집과 분석을 하기 위해서 토양의 특성, 포장면 고저차, 생육상태 그리고 수량에 관한 포장정보를 조사한 결과 아래와 같은 결과를 얻었다. 가. 기본통계값을 살펴보면 유효태 규산의 경우는 한 포장내 14배 이상의 변이차이를 보였으며, 생육정보 중 분얼수는 3배, 수량은 4배 이상의 차이를 보였다. 나. 포장정보의 변이계수를 살펴보면 5.45∼51.3%의 공간변이를 보였다. 토양특성 중에 pH를 제외한 나머지가 10%이상의 공간변이를 보였다. 포장면 고저차는 51.3%, 생육정보는 7.32∼23.2%, 그리고 수량에 있어서도 변이계수가 22.5%를 보였다. 다. 포장정보를 공간통계학을 이용해 해석한 결과, 포장정보의 공간구조 발달여부를 표시하는 Q값이 0.24∼1로서 공간구조가 포장정보에 따라서 발달되어 있었으며, 공간변이의 의존거리를 나타내는 랜지는 8.1∼147.9m를 보였다. 그러나, 실질적인 랜지는 토양특성값이 15∼50m 정도, 생육정보는 15m 전후, 포장면 고저차는 30m 정도, 수량은 8.1m를 보였다. 이것을 기초로 하여 크리깅 방법으로 데이터를 보간하여 지도화 시킨결과, 공간변이를 이해하는데 유용하게 이용될 수 있는 포장정보 지도를 얻을 수 있었다. Soil properties, relief of field surface, growth information, grain yield were investigated in a 1ha paddy field in 2001 to obtain basic field information for precision agriculture. The field information were analyzed to examine their within field variability using descriptive statistical method. Semivariograms and Kriged maps of geostatistical analysis were also adopted to examine their within field spatial dependence. The results obtained were as follows ; 1) Nutrient distribution difference of available SiO_2 was seemed 14 times overs, 3 times overs at tiller number, 4 times overs at grain yield from within a paddy field. 2) Descriptive statistics of field information showed that the coefficient of variation ranged from 5.45∼51.3%. 3) Field information showed a high spatial dependence within a paddy field. The Q values ranged from 0.24∼1, the ranges of spatial dependence were from 8.1∼50m, respectively. 4) Kriged maps enable the visualization and comparison of the spatial variability of field informaton.

6MV 선형가속기의 비대칭 조사야의 변화에 따른 선량분포

윤주호,이철수,염하용,Yoon, Joo-Ho,Lee, Chul-Soo,Yum, Ha-Yong 대한방사선치료학회 2000 大韓放射線治療技術學會誌 Vol.12 No.1

Recently linear accelerator in radiation therapy in asymmetric field has been easily used since the improvement and capability of asymmetrical field adjustment attached to the machine. It has been thought there have been some significant errors in dose calculation when asymmetrical radiation fields have been utilized in practice of radiation treatments if the fundamental data for dose calculation have been measured in symmetrical standard fields. This study investigated how much the measured data of dose distributions and their isodose curves are different between in asymmetrical and symmetrical standard fields, and how much there difference affect the error in dose calculation in conventional method measured in symmetrical standard field. The distributions of radiation dose were measured by photon diode detector in the water phantom (RFA-300P, Scanditronix, Sweden) as tissue equivalent material on utilization of 6 MV linear accelerator with source surface distance (SSD) 1000 mm. The photon diode detector has the velocity of 1 mm per second from water surface to 250 mm depth in the field size of $40mm{\times}40mm\;to\;250mm{\times}250mm\;symmetric\;field\;and\;40mm{\times}20mm\;to\;250mm{\times}125mm$ asymmetrical fields. The measurements of percent depth dose (PDD) and subsequent plotting of their isodose curves were performed from water surface to 250mm dmm from Y-center axis in $100mm{\times}50mm$ field in order to absence the variability of depth dose according to increasing field sizes and their affects to plotted isodose curves. The difference of PDD between symmetric and asymmetric field was maximum $4.1\%\;decrease\;in\;40mm{\times}20mm\;field,\;maximum\;6.6\%\;decrease\;in\;100mm{\times}50mm\;and\;maximum\;10.2\%\;decrease\;200mm{\times}100mm$, the larger decrease difference of PDD as the greater field size and as greater the depth, The difference of PDD between asymmetrical field and equivalent square field showed maximum $2.4\%\;decrease\;in\;60mm{\times}30mm\;field,\;maximum\;4.8\%\;decrease\;in\;150mm{\times}75mm\;and\;maximum\;6.1\%\;decrease\;in\;250mm{\times}125mm$, and the larger decreased differenced PDD as the greater field size and as greater the depth, these differences of PDD were out of $5\%$ of dose calculation as defined by international Commission on radiation unit and Measurements(ICRU). In the dose distribution of asymmetrical field (half beam) the plotted isodose curves were observed to have deviations by decreased PDD as greater as the blocking of the beam moved closer to the central axis, and as the asymmetrical field increased by moving the block 10 mm keeping away from the central axis, the PDD increased and plotted isodose curves were gradually more flattened, due to reduced amount of the primary beam and the fraction of low energy soft radiations by passing thougepth in asymmetrical field by moving independent jaw each 10 h beam flattening filter. As asymmetrical radiation field as half beam radiation technique is used, the radiation dosimetry calculated in utilizing the fundamental data which measured in standard symmetrical field should be converted on bases of nearly measured data in asymmetrical field, measured beam data flies of various asymmetrical field in various energy and be necessary in each institution.

Excessive soil water stress responses of sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) and perilla (Perilla frutescens L.) cultivated from paddy fields with different topographic features

류종수,백인열,곽강수,한원영,배진우,박진기,전현정 충남대학교 농업과학연구소 2018 Korean Journal of Agricultural Science Vol.45 No.4

In Korea, the largest agricultural lands are paddy fields which have poor infiltration and drainage properties. Recently, the Korean government has pursued cultivating upland crops in paddy fields to reduce overproduced rice in Korea. For this policy to succeed, it is critical to understand the topographic information of paddy fields and its effects on upland crops cultivated in the soils of paddy fields. The objective of this study was to characterize the growth properties of sesame and perilla from paddy fields with three soil topographic features and soil water effects which were induced by the topographic features of the sesame and perilla. The crops were planted in paddy fields located in Miryang, Gyeongnam with different topographies: mountain foot slope, local valley and alluvial plain. Soil water contents and groundwater levels were measured every hour during the growing season. The paddy field of the mountain foot slope was significantly effective in alleviating wet injury for the sesame and perilla in the paddy fields. The paddy field of the mountain foot slope had a decreased average soil water content and groundwater level during cultivation. Stress day index (SDI) from the alluvial plain paddy field had the greatest values from both crops and the smallest from the ones from the paddy field of the mountain foot slope. This result means that sesame and perilla had the smallest stress from the soil water content of the paddy field on the mountain foot slope and the greatest stress from the soil water content of the alluvial plain. It is important to consider the topography of paddy fields to reduce wet injury and to increase crop yields.

建築場 구성 체계와 해인사 건축장 고찰

이승용,김성우 대한건축학회 2007 대한건축학회논문집 Vol.23 No.1

Architectural field(建築場) constructed by field theory in physics is the method of understanding architecture. The object of this study is to show the concept of architectural field is to understanding architecture concretely. In order to achieve this purpose, the system to interpret of the architectural field need to be established. Architectural field can be understood through three systems of relations among the buildings and environments. First, When looking through architectural field, building and space are no longer divided but are understood by one. And then the method of connecting building and space to one is considered, like interpenetration. Second, architectural field can be understood through net system between building and space. That is, the net system leads to relationship between the two, and this net system becomes the substance of architecture. Third, architectural field consisted of the scope by the expansion and the definition of the net system. The degree of relations in the scope is different by the composition of the system in the scope. And according to this degree the scope is defined and architecture is explained of the defined area. Also the unit area is organized as basic and is enlarged by the system of relations. Architecture is understood as architectural field. Architectural field is the net system to interpret of architecture by relationship with surrounding buildings including environments. HaeIn-sa(Buddhist temple), investigated example, is architecture applied by the architectural field. And then Architectural field is expected to become method that would allow understanding Korean architecture over Western architectural viewpoint and design of the building with Korean type.