Sphenoidal ERPs의 임상적 유용성에 관한 연구

송대원,서만욱,김영현 의과학연구소 1997 全北醫大論文集 Vol.21 No.1

The P300 component of the event-related potential(ERP) has been studied extensively since its discovery by Sutton and his colleagues. The P3 event-related potential(ERP) may be elicited in a task where subjects are required to discriminate between two types of stimuli, one of which is presented infrequently. Although the best combination of electrophysiologic studies has not yet been defined(National institute of health, 1990), this method appears to be important because it is safe and reproducible and provides easy access to all patients evaluated for epilepsy surgery. These data provide guidance in the clinical use of limbic P3s in the presurgical localization of epileptogenic foci. The finding of a unilateral absent P3 ipsilateral to the presumed temporal seizure focus provides strong supproting evidence for the epileptogenicity of that temporal love with a sensitivity and specificity of 81% and 95%, respectively. In summary, our data showed that the common finding in intractable TLE(Temporal lobe epilepsy) was a unilaterally absent limbic P3. This finding correlated strongly with the side of the seizure focus and hippocampal sclerosis was the usual pathologic substrate. Determination of the limbic P3 can add weight to the decition to operate if it is unilaterally absent on the putative epileptogenic side. Endogenous electrical potentials appear at the sclap when a subject is engaged in taske requiring judgements about the properties of a stimulus. Typically, the component of task-related potentials appear between about 200 and 600 msec after the onset of the stimulus. The strengths of these components depend mainly on the relevance of the stimulus to the task and less on the sensory modality being stimulated or on the particular sensory properties of the stimulus. Owing to the risks entailed in intracerebral depth electrode implantation, less invasive procedures are desirable. Meador et al reported a significant relationship between limbic evoked potentiala(LEPs) recorded from intreacerebral depth electrodes and the site of seizure onset. We investigated application of a similar EP technique using sphenoidal electrodes. Sphenoidal electrodes are safe and are superior to scalp electrodes in recording EEG from the inferior mesial temporal lobes. The present study is a prospective investigation of the relationship of the side of temporal lobe seizure onset to the spectral power of the sphenoidal-temporal target evoked potentials. Based on our studies of hippocampal LEPs, we postulated that spectral power of the sphenoidal evoked potentials woud be reduced on the side of seizure onset. key Words : Epilepsy, Spenoidal elecrodes, Event-related potentials

신체화 집단의 자동적 주의편향 : 사건관련전위 연구

김주용,배경열,오수성 대한신경정신의학회 2014 신경정신의학 Vol.53 No.4

Objectives The purpose of this study was to examine the automatic attentional bias to disease/body-related stimuli in individuals exhibiting somatization tendencies using Event-Related Potential (ERP). Methods The participants were classified according to somatization and control groups based on the somatization symptom scales of the Symptom Checklist-90-Revised and Somatosensory Amplification Scale scores. ERP were recorded in the somatization and control groups while participants were performing the task to respond with neutral (standard stimuli) or disease/body-related words (target stimuli). We compared N100, P200, and P300 ERP components between the two groups. Results In the somatization group, the reaction times to disease/body-related words were faster than for neutral words. In ERP analysis, N100 to standard stimuli was not observed in the somatization group. The somatization group showed higher P200 and P300 amplitudes to target stimuli than standard stimuli. On the contrary, in the control group, no difference in P200 and P300 amplitudes was observed between target and standard stimuli. Conclusion It is suggested that individuals exhibiting somatization tendencies have automatic attentional bias to disease/body-related stimuli and interpret disease/body-related stimuli as self-relevant stimuli.

Infrared webcam-based non-contact measurement of event-related potentials from event-related pupillary responses: An approach focused on mental workload

Park Sangin,Kim Laehyun,Ha Jihyeon,문성철 한국CDE학회 2022 Journal of computational design and engineering Vol.9 No.4

The event-related potential (ERP) technique is widely used in various fields, but the requirement for sensor attachment limits its application. The aim of this study was to develop an infrared (IR) webcam-based, non-contact system to obtain the amplitudes and latencies of ERP via measurement of event-related pupillary responses (ErPRs) from pupillary rhythms. A total of 32 healthy volunteers participated in this study, and they were required to perform the three levels of mental arithmetic tasks to induce mental workloads (MWLs). ERPs and ErPR were measured by ERP task for the different MWL states and compared based on statistical analysis, classification, correlation, and Bland–Altman plot. Both ERP and ErPR amplitudes and latencies for the three MWL states were revealed by one-way repeated measures analysis of variance to be statistically significantly different. Furthermore, the ERP and ErPR data were found to have 73 and 80% classification performances, respectively, using k-nearest neighbour (10-fold cross validation, n = 96). Correlation coefficients between ERP and ErPR features, which were in the range of 0.642–0.734, indicated good or strong correlation, and good agreement between the indices from these two types of experimental measurement indices was apparent in Bland–Altman plots. An advanced method for IR-webcam-based non-contact determination of ERP components via ErPR measurement was successfully developed, and it was demonstrated that this technique can be used for ERP component monitoring using a low-cost, non-invasive, and easily implemented IR webcam without the burden of sensor attachment.

작업 기억의 신경생리적 기전: 사건관련전위 연구

김명선,김재진,권준수 한국임상심리학회 2004 Korean Journal of Clinical Psychology Vol.23 No.2

The temporal stages of the cognitive processes and the neurophysiological mechanisms underlying the working memory were investigated using the 2-back task and event-related potential (ERP). Geometric figures such as a circle, triangle and square were used as stimuli. The target stimulus was a circle, while the triangle and square served as nontargets. The target stimulus was further divided into the match target and nonmatch target. If the current stimulus was a circle, and the circle was presented two trials earlier (match circle: MC), the subjects were required to respond. If the current stimulus was a circle, but the circle was either not presented two trials earlier (nonmatch circle: NC), or the current stimulus was either a triangle or a square (nontarget stimulus: NS), subjects were asked not to respond. The target stimulus, i. e., MC and NC produced a significantly higher N100 amplitude than the nontarget stimulus, which indicates that more attention was directed to the target stimulus than to the nontarget stimulus. In terms of P300, the MC than either the NC or NS elicited a greater amplitude and earlier latency. In addition, the P300 was at a maximum at the parietal sites in the MC, while it was at its highest at the frontal sites in the NC or NS. All three types of stimuli produced a positive slow potential with similar amplitudes and latencies. The amplitude of the slow potential was at a maximum at the frontal sites. These results indicate that such temporal stages of cognitive functions underlying the working memory as attention allocation, updating the working memory contents and the retention of sequential information can be reflected toward the ERP components. The results also suggest that the prefrontal and parietal cortex, which are known to be the neural networks of working memory, are associated with the retention process and updating working memory contents, respectively.

편측성 준비 전위(lateralized readiness potential): 대측 통제를 이용한 운동 관련 전위에 관하여

신은삼 한국인지및생물심리학회 2012 한국심리학회지 인지 및 생물 Vol.24 No.4

The lateralized readiness potential (LRP) that uses the contralateral organization of motor control is derived from event-related brain potentials (ERPs). Because of the high temporal resolution of the technique, it has been a beneficial research method investigating mental chronometry in human information processing. In particular, studies using the LRP have shown evidence that information flows continuously and concurrently in the brain. In this review, I introduced the background of the LRP emergence, basic principles behind its arithmetic computations, LRP types, data analysis and statistical tests. Finally, I reviewed studies in which the LRP was used and applied for various purposes, and suggested that the LRP can contribute to expanding the scope of brain research in the country. 신경계의 운동 체계가 대측적으로 조직화되어 있음을 이용하여 개발된 편측성 준비 전위(LRP: lateralized readiness potential)는 사건관련전위(ERP: event-related potential)에서 도출되는 특수 파형으로서 그것의 높은 시간적 해상도를 바탕으로 심리 시간분석법(mental chronometry)적 연구 발전에 큰 공헌을 해왔다. 특히 인간의 정보처리 양식이 동시적이고 연속적이라는 증거를 제공하면서 그 유용성을 확장해왔다. 본 논문에서는 LRP의 발달 배경, 도출 원리, 종류, 분석 및 검증 방법을 개관하였고 LRP를 이용한 응용 연구 또한 소개하였다.

오류인식이 사건유관전위에 미치는 영향

신학수 ( Hak Soo Shin ) 한국스포츠정책과학원(구 한국스포츠개발원) 2011 체육과학연구 Vol.22 No.3

이 연구에서는 예측오류 인식을 사건유관전위(Event-Related Potentials: ERPs)를 통해 살펴보았다. 이 실험에 참가한 피험자는 남자대학생 36명으로 축구 승부차기 장면을 촬영한 영상을 단속적으로 제시하여 축구공의 궤적에 대한 2번의 방향예측을 하도록 하고 그 예측반응시간 및 예측반응 후 추가적으로 제시된(160ms 내) 정보에 따라 오류를 인식 가능한 과정 중 나타나는 ERPs의 구성성분을 P3와 잠재기와 진폭, N2와 N4의 진폭비교를 통해 살펴보았다. 실험결과를 보면 반응시간과 P3의 잠재기는 1차선택시기에 비해 2차 선택시기에서 짧았으나 방향선택의 변경에 따른 차이는 없었다. 방향선택의 정확성은 2차 선택에서 향상되었다(p<.05). N2, N4를 기준으로 한 P3의 진폭은 모두 1차 선택시기에 정확한 예측을 한 경우(정반응)가 오류를 범한 경우(오반응)보다 크게 나타났으나 2차 선택시기에는 도리어 오반응의 경우가 정반응의 경우보다 진폭이 큰 것으로 나타났다(p<.05). 또한 오반응이 연속적으로 나타날 경우 N2에 대한 N4 진폭이 매우 큰 부적 경향성을 보이는 것으로 나타났다(p<.05). 따라서 오류인식과정 중에 나타나는 사건유관전위의 특성은 P3 작은 진폭과 N4의 부적경향성강화로 나타남을 알 수 있었다. The purpose of this study is to know the relationships between Error Perception and Event-Related Potentials (ERPs). The participants who were 36-male students in university were ordered to make twice estimations of which direction penalty-kick ball would go, via of recorded images, which were shown on screen intermittently. We checked the response times, the latency of P3, the amplitude of P3 and relationships of N2 and N4 on ERPs. This research can be concluded as follows: First, the 2`nd response time and latency of P3 were shorter than 1`st those and the change of the estimated direction had no effects on the response time and latency. Second, the accuracy of the estimation increased on second trial (p<.05). Third, the 1`st amplitude of P3 relative to N2, N4 on the correct response were higher than on the error response but 2`nd amplitude of P3 relative to N2, N4 on the correct response were adversely. And the consecutive error response made the amplitude of N4 be negatively. Conclusionally, the specific figure of ERPs on error perception showed that the lower amplitude of P3 and the negativity of N4.

컴퓨터 만화학습을 활용한 수준별 덧셈학습의 뇌 반구성 및 사건유발전위 분석

권형규 한국자료분석학회 2011 Journal of the Korean Data Analysis Society Vol.13 No.6

This research performed brain hemispherity and event-related potential (ERP) to find out any implications to design and develop the semantic process of brain function and structure in computerized cartoon arithmetic addition learning. Brain hemispherity is examined the change of the potentials of the brain for the balanced development of the left and right brain. Event-related potential is measured the electric activity by presenting the stimulus repeatedly. ERP consists of P300 which represents the attention process, and N400 for the understanding level, and P600 includes the reconstruction and recollection. Arithmetic addition has the simple and complex calculation which are connected to the characteristics of the left and right brain by the implicit association test (IAT). The results of this study shows the statistically significant difference for P300L (F8) and P600L (F4, F8) in event- related potentials. Brain hemispherity results shows the statistically significant difference for frontal lobe (F3-F4, F7-F8), parietal lobe (P3-P4), temporal love (T3-T4), and occipital lobe (O1-O2). 만화를 통한 수학학습 수준별 의미적 처리과정을 측정하기 위하여 덧셈학습의 유형을 단순계산과 복잡계산으로 나누어 뇌반구성과 사건유발전위(event-related potential: ERP)를 분석하였다. 뇌반구성은 좌우뇌의 균형발달과 좌우뇌의 기능적 특성을 나타내는 지표로 뇌의 특정 위치에 대한 전위의 변화를 분석하였다. 사건유발전위는 자극을 반복적으로 제시한 후 나타나는 전기적 활동을 측정하여 뇌의 특성을 분석하는 것으로 주의과정을 나타내는 P300, 이해도를 보이는 N400, 그리고 재구성 및 회상에 대한 P600을 분석하였다. 만화를 통한 수학학습을 단순계산과 복잡계산으로 나누어 좌우뇌 특성과의 함축적 연합검사(implicit association test: IAT) 가운데 반구성과 사건유발전위가 측정되었다. 실험결과, 전두엽에서 연합이 비연합보다 P300L(F8), P600L(F4, F8)이 의미있는 차이를 보였으며, 자발뇌파를 통한 반구성에서는 전두엽(F3-F4, F7-F8), 두정엽(P3-P4), 측두엽(T3-T4), 후두엽(O1-O2)에서 의미있는 차이를 가져왔다.

암묵적 연합 검사에서 나타난 정신병질 특성집단의 정서 처리: 사건관련전위 연구

이재연,김영윤 한국인지및생물심리학회 2017 한국심리학회지 인지 및 생물 Vol.29 No.2

This study recorded event-related potentials during an implicit association test in order to understand the emotional processing in individuals with psychopathic traits. On the basis of the Psychopathic Personality Inventory-Revised (Lee et al., 2008), undergraduate students were divided into psychopathic traits (n=13) and control (n=13) groups. The implicit association test involved pictures (happy and fear faces) and words (positive and negative words). Compared to the picture stimuli in the inconsistent task, the picture stimuli in the consistent task elicited larger late positive potentials amplitude in the frontal and central regions in the control group. However, this pattern was not observed in the psychopathic traits group. Compared to the word stimuli in the inconsistent task, the word stimuli in the consistent task elicited larger late positive potentials amplitude in the frontal, central and parietal regions in the control group. However, this pattern was not observed in the psychopathic traits group. These results suggest that individuals with psychopathic traits have difficulties in emotional processing. 본 연구는 정신병질 특성을 지닌 사람들의 정서 처리를 알아보기 위해 암묵적 연합 검사를 이용해서 사건관련전위를 분석하였다. 정신병질적 성격 검사 개정판에 의해 13명의 정신병질 특성집단과 13명의 통제집단을 선발하였다. 본 연구에서 사용한 암묵적 연합 검사는 사진자극과 단어자극으로 구성되었으며, 사진자극은 행복과 공포의 얼굴표정을 사용하였고 단어자극은 긍정단어(예: 축하)와 부정단어(예: 고통)를 사용하였다. 또한 암묵적 연합 검사는 일치과제와 비일치과제로 나누어지는데, 일치과제는 행복표정과 긍정단어가 한 쌍, 공포표정과 부정단어가 한 쌍으로 동일한 버튼을 누르고, 비일치과제는 공포표정과 긍정단어가 한 쌍, 행복표정과 부정단어가 한 쌍으로 동일한 버튼을 누르도록 지시하였다. 통제집단은 비일치과제의 사진자극에 비해 일치과제의 사진자극에서 전두영역과 중심영역에서 Late Positive Potentials 진폭이 더 높게 나타났는데 반해 정신병질 특성집단에서는 이러한 차이가 나타나지 않았다. 비일치과제의 단어자극에 비해 일치과제의 단어자극에서 전두영역, 중심영역, 두정영역에서 Late Positive Potentials 진폭이 더 높게 나타났는데 반해 정신병질 특성집단에서는 이러한 차이가 나타나지 않았다. 이러한 결과는 정신병질 특성집단이 정서 처리에 결함을 보였다는 것을 시사한다.

푸리에 변환과 웨이브렛 분석을 통한 주의력결핍ㆍ과잉운동장애아동과 정상아동의 사건관련전위 비교 연구

신성웅,박진형,김희찬,조수철 대한소아청소년정신의학회 2001 소아청소년정신의학 Vol.12 No.1

주의력결핍 ㆍ 과잉운동장애 아동과 정상 아동의 청각적 집중 과정의 차이를 비교하기 위해 13명의 남자 환자와 8명의 정상 남자아이에게 청각적 주의집중 과제를 제시하고 사건관련전위를 푸리에 변환과 웨이브렛 분석법으로 비교 조사하였다. 각 군 아동의 표준자극과 표적자극에 대한 사건관련전위 파형을 푸리에 변환을 통해 주파수 차원에서 서로 비교하였고, 각 군 안에서 표적자극과 표준자극을 주었을 때의 진폭을 비교하였다. 표준자극에 대해서는 거의 대부분의 주파수와 좌측 위치에서 주의력결핍 ㆍ 과잉운동장애 아동이 정상아동보다 의미 있게 높은 전압을 나타내었다. 반면 표적자극에 대해서는 주의력결핍 ㆍ 과잉운동장애 아동이 정상 아동보다 더 높은 전압은 보이는 경우가 의미 있게 감소하였고 정상 아동이 주의력결핍 ㆍ 과잉운동장애 아동보다 큰 진폭을 나타내는 경우는 의미 있게 증가하였나. 이런 결과는 주의집중을 반영하는 Nd파형의 푸리에 변환 결과에서도 나타났다. 즉 주의력결핍 ㆍ 과잉운동장애 아동은 무시해야 하는 자극에 대해서는 정상 아동보다 지나치게 강한 반응을 보이지만 정작 과제를 수행해야 하는 자극에 대해서는 정상 아동보다 더 약한반응을 보이는 경향을 보였다. 주의력결핍ㆍ 과잉운동장애 아동은 정상 아동 보다 표적자극에 의한 진폭 증가를 보인 전극과 주파수 영역이 적었을 뿐 아니라 일부 파형은 표준자극을 주었을 때보다 표적자극을 주었을때 오히려 진폭이 의리 있게 감소하여서 이들이 표적 자극에 대해 활성이 억제됨을 알 수 있었다. 정상 아동들은 표준자극보다 표적자극에 대해서 거의 모든 전극 위치와 주파수 대역에서 의미 있는 진폭의 증가를 보였으나 전전두엽과 전두엽의 전극에서는 주의력결핍 ㆍ 과잉운동장애 아동이 더 큰 진폭을 보이는 경우가 관찰되었다. 웨이브렛 분석 결과 표준자극에 대해서는 주의력곁핍 ㆍ 과잉운동장애 아동이 정상 아동보다 자극이 제시된 후 0∼300msec 사이에 일어나는 전위가 통계적으로 의미 있게 컸다. 이런 차이는 주로 전전두엽과 전두엽 앞쪽, 그리고 측두엽 일부와 후두엽에서 두드러졌다. 그러나 두정엽과 중앙 영역의 전극들은 특히 300∼370msec 이내에 일어나는 전위에서 정상 아동이 더 활발한 전기 활동을 나타내었다. 표적 자극에 대해서는 두 군 모두 표준자극보다 전기 활성이 더 증가한 양상이었다. 표적자극에 대해서 주의력결핍 ㆍ 과잉운동장애아동은 전전두엽과 전두엽 영역에서는 여전히 정상 아동보다 더 활발한 전기 활성을 보였으나 두정엽과 측두엽에서는 정상 아동이 더 큰 진폭을 나타내었다. 이로써 주의력결핍 ㆍ 과잉운동장애 아동은 무시해야 하는 자극에 대해서는 지나친 반응을 보이며 주의집중을 필요로 하는 자극에 대해서는 정상 아동보다 저하된 반응을 보이는 것이 확인되었다. 이와 함께 푸리에 변환 등 주파수 차원 분석법과 웨이브렛 분석 방법의 유용성을 알아보았다. 중심 단어 : 주의력결핍 ㆍ 과잉운동장애 ㆍ사건관련전위 ㆍ푸리에 변환 ㆍ 웨이브렛 분석. Using Fourier transformation and wavelet analysis, we compared the auditory event-related poten-tials of the patients with attention deficit-hyperactivity disorders (abbr. ADHD, 13 boys) and normal control children (8 boys) Amplitudes of the event-related potentials which were calculated via Fourier transformation were compared between the groups and between conditions (non-target versus target) in each group. To the non-target stimuli, the patients with ADHD showed significantly greater amplitudes across almost all of the electrode sites and frequencies. To the target stimuli, the incidents which ADHD patients showed much higher amplitudes than normal controls significantly decreased, while those of the reverse results increased significantly. These results were consistent with the comparison results about negative difference wave (abbr. Nd wave) using Fourier transformation. In summary, it was proved that non-target stimulus which should be ignored elicited more robust electrical response from the patients with ADHD than normal children, but the target stimulus which required active processing did much less electrical activity in the patients. For the patients, they showed much inhibited electrical response to the target stimuli in some electrodes and frequency ranges. Normal children were more strongly stimulated by the target stimuli in almost all electrodes and frequency ranges than the patients, but less in prefrontal leads and frontal leads. Wavelet analysis results proved that early responses (0-300msec) to the nontarget stimuli of the patients were significantly greater than the normal controls in prefrontal, anterior frontal, some parts of temporal, and occipital lobes and that late response (300-370msec) were significantly lesser than normal children in parietal and central electrodes. Target stimuli elicited significantly higher electrical activity in both group than non-target stimuli did. Prefrontal and frontal lobes showed stronger responses in the patients than normal children irrespective of stimulus condition, but parietal and temporal lobes did higher activities in normal children than the patients only to the target stimuli. In conclusion, the patients wish ADHD showed much greater responses to the stimuli which should be ignored, but failed to activated the necessary processes to the target stimuli. Also, we found that the frequency-dimension analysis and wavelet analysis were useful for the signal processing such as event-related potentials. KEY WORDS : Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder ㆍ Event related potentials ㆍ Fourier transformation ㆍ Wavelet analysis.

강박 장애 환자의 암묵 기억: 사건관련전위 및 뇌국소화 연구

김명선,권준수,강승석,김영윤 한국임상심리학회 2004 Korean Journal of Clinical Psychology Vol.23 No.3

The implicit memory deficit in patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) was investigated using event-related potentials. For the measurement of implicit memory, a lexical decision task was administered. Among 320 words and 140 non-words, 200 words were repeated, 120 words and 140 non-words were not repeated. For explicit memory a continuous recognition task was administered, in which 280 words were repeated (old) and 100 were not repeated (new). On the recognition task, both controls and OCD patients showed more positivity to the old words than the new words (repetition effect). The two groups did not differ in terms of the performances on Korean version of California verbal learning test, but OCD patients showed impaired performances on immediate and delayed recalls of Rey-Osterrieth complex figure test (RCFT). On the lexical decision task, controls showed the repetition effect, whereas OCD patients did not. In addition, OCD patients showed prolonged response time to the old words compared to the controls. The results of source localization, which was performed to find the cerebral generators of repetition effect, showed that left caudate body is a strong candidate for the generator. The absence of the repetition effect on the implicit memory task and the impaired performance on RCFT indicate that OCD patients have implicit memory deficit, which seems to be caused by encoding or organizational difficulties. Furthermore, implicit memory deficit in OCD patients seems to be related to the dysfunction of prefrontal-striatal system, which is known as the neural substrates underlying OCD.