유아의 가정환경, 유치원 적응 및 학습준비도의 구조적 관계

정혜린 한국아동교육학회 2018 아동교육 Vol.27 No.1

The purpose of this study is to analyze the structural relations among young children's home environment, preschool adjustment and readiness to learn, and to investigate the effect of proximal environment from early childhood to childhood. For this purpose, 354 children aged 5 years in preschool located in S, G, C, S, and D provinces were sampled and measured their readiness to learn by reading, writing, and math skills test. The questionnaires about home environment were asked to their mothers. And The questionnaires about preschool adjustment were also asked to the 27 kindergarten teachers in the classroom. The statistical analysis were performed using SPSS 20.0, AMOS 20.0. The results of this study were as follows: First, there were direct effects of status variable, process variable in home environment and preschool adjustment to readiness to learn. Second, there were indirect effects of status variable in home environment to readiness to learn through process variable in home environment. Third, there were indirect effects of status variable in home environment to readiness to learn through preschool adjustment. The results indicate that educational interactions between mother-young children in home and well-adaptedness in preschool are mediating factors in order to improve the readiness to learn of young children before entering elementary school. This study provides a rich interaction opportunity for the young children to prepare for learning at home and suggest that careful attention and educational intervention are essential for the preschool children to adapt well to teachers and peers. Also, it is suggested that parent education and education program should be prepared to increase the readiness level according to the status variable of the home environment, and consideration should be given to the appropriateness of contents and composition of educational intervention. 본 연구는 유아의 가정환경, 유치원 적응 및 학습준비도의 구조적 관계를 파악하여 초등학교 입학 이전 유아기 학습준비도 발달에 작용하는 가정 및 유아교육기관의 영향을 알아보는데 그 목적이 있다. 이를 위해 서울, 경기, 천안, 세종, 대전 지역의 초등학교 입학 이전 5세 유아 354명을 표집하여, 읽기, 쓰기, 셈하기의 기초학습검사를 통해 학습준비도를 측정하였다. 또한 해당 유아의 어머니에게 설문지를 실시하여 가정환경의 지위변인과 과정변인을 측정하였다. 이와 더불어 해당 유아의 학급 담임교사 27명에게 설문지를 실시하여 유아의 유치원 적응을 살펴보았다. SPSS 20.0을 사용하여 기술통계, 상관분석을 실시하였으며, AMOS 20.0을 통해 구조방정식 모형을 분석하였다. 본 연구의 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 유아의 학습준비도에는 가정환경의 지위변인과 과정변인, 유치원 적응이 직접적인 영향을 미쳤다. 둘째, 유아의 가정환경 중 지위변인은 과정변인을 통해 학습준비도에 간접적인 영향을 미쳤다. 셋째, 유아의 가정환경 중 지위변인은 유치원 적응을 통해 학습준비도에 간접적인 영향을 미쳤다. 이상의 결과를 바탕으로 본 연구는 초등학교 입학 전 유아의 학습준비도를 길러주기 위해서는 가정환경의 지위변인이 작용하지만, 자녀에 대한 교육적 상호작용과 유치원에서 잘 적응하는 정도에 따라 그 영향이 달라질 수 있음을 밝혔다. 이는 가정에서 유아의 학습준비를 위한 풍부한 상호작용 기회를 제공할 수 있도록 해야 하며, 유치원에서 유아가 교사 및 또래와 잘 적응할 수 있도록 세심한 관심과 교육적 개입이 필수적임을 시사한다. 또한 교육적 개입의 내용 및 구성에 대한 적절성을 고려하는 것이 선행되어야 함을 시사한다.

자발적 독서 태도와 관계된 환경 변인 탐색 연구 - 가정, 학교, 스마트폰 취득 시기, 스마트폰 사용량, 가정 내 스마트폰 사용 정도 변인을 중심으로 -

허모아(Heo Mo-Ah),김혜정(Kim Hye-Jeong) 우리말학회 2021 우리말연구 Vol.65 No.-

본 연구는 자발적 독서 태도와 관계된 변인으로서 가정 및 학교 환경과 스마트폰 사용 변인의 설명력을 밝히고, 각 변인의 상대적 영향력을 탐색하는 데에 목적이 있다. 그간 독서 태도는 가정환경 및 학교 환경 변인에 의해 설명된다는 사실이 보고되어 왔다. 최근 스마트폰 사용과 같은 매체 사용과 독서 태도의 관계에 대한 관심이 고조되고 있는 가운데, 본고는 가정환경, 학교 환경, 가정 내 스마트폰 사용량, 독자 본인의 스마트폰 사용량, 스마트폰 취득 시기와 자발적 독서 태도와의 관계를 살펴보고자 하였다. 이를 위하여 중학교 3학년 학생 902명을 표집하여 설문조사를 실시하고, 단계적 다중회귀분석 방법을 활용하여 분석하였다. 연구 결과 학교 환경 변인, 가정환경 변인, 스마트폰 사용량, 스마트폰 취득 시기 변인이 독서 태도를 설명하는 유의한 변인으로 나타났고, 가정 내에서의 스마트폰 사용 정도는 유의하지 않았다. With aged 9th grade 900 participants, this study analyzes the relation between autonomous reading attitude with reading environment related variables and tries to select statistically significant variable using stepwise backward elimination method of multiple regression analysis. Previous studies revealed that reading attitude is influenced by home reading environment and school reading environment. Recently issues on the impact of digital media usage like time spent on smartphone, period possessing smartphone, and family members’ smartphone using time at home are getting attention. The result showed that home reading environment, school reading environment, smartphone using time, smartphone possessing period was significant variable but family members’ smartphone using time at home.

아동의 창의성에 대한 환경적ㆍ인지적ㆍ동기적 변인들의 효과

유경훈(Lew Kyoung Hoon),김청자(Kim Chung Ja) 한국영재교육학회 2008 영재와 영재교육 Vol.7 No.1

  본 연구의 목적은 창의성의 통합적 이론에 근거하여 아동의 인지적·정의적·환경적 변인 간의 상호관련성과 이들 변인들 간의 구조모형을 검증하고자 하였다. 연구의 대상은 서울에 있는 3개 초등학교에서 선정된 4학년 11개 학급의 350명이었다. 측정도 구로는 TTCT, 창의적 인성검사(CPS), 지능 검사, 학업 성취 점수, 자기결정성 동기척도, 성취목표 동기척도, 부모의 창의인성 검사, 부모양육태도 검사, 가정환경 검사, 교실환경 검사를 사용하였다. 구조모형 방정식을 사용하여 모형을 검증한 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 가정의 지적 자극 및 격려와 창의적인 교실 환경 등의 환경 변인은 아동의 지능과 학업성취 등의 인지적 변인과 정의적 변인인 동기변인에 직접적인 효과를 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 둘째, 정의적 변인은 창의성에 직접적인 효과를 미치는 것으로 나타났으며 다른 변인보다 높은 비율을 나타냈다. 셋째, 인지적 변인은 창의성에 직접적인 효과가 없는 것으로 나타났으며 넷째, 환경적 변인은 인지변인, 정의적 변인을 매개로하여 창의성에 간접효과를 미치는 것으로 나타났다.   The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of cognitive, affective and environmental variables on children"s creativity by the Structural Equation Modeling analysis in confluence approach. An exploratory study was conducted to investigate the role and the relative contribution of selected cognitive, affective, environmental variables on 272 fourth-grade students" creativity.<BR>  The data were analyzed with descriptive statistics, Pearson correlations and structural equation modeling analysis by using SPSS and AMOS program. The major results of this study were as follows;<BR>  First, cognitive variables didn"t directly affect children"s creativity. Second, affective variables directly affected the children"s creativity. The more affectivevariables were high, the higher children"s creativity score were. Third, environmental variables didn"t directly affect children"s creativity but indirectly affected through cognitive and affective variables. The more resonable environmental variables were, the more supportive cognitive and affective variables were, the higher children"s creative thinking and personality score were. Fourth, environmental variables directly affected the children"s cognitive variables. Fifth, environmental variables directly affected the children"s affective variables.<BR>  In path model, cognitive and affective variables mediated the relation between environmental variables and children"s creativity. In addition, environmental variables explained 7% of cognitive variables and 81% of affective variables. Environmental variables, affective variables and cognitive variables explained 68% of children"s creativity.

바닷가 공간관리정책의 결정모형 설계에 관한 연구

이종환(Lee, Joung Hwan),김기승(Kim, Gi Seung),최규명(Choi, Kyu Myeong) 한국지적정보학회 2014 한국지적정보학회지 Vol.16 No.1

본 연구는 바닷가 공간관리정책의 개념을 정립하고 현재 수행되고 있는 바닷가 관련 정책의 결정요인을 살펴본 후, 바람직한 바닷가 공간관리정책의 결정모형을 설계하는데 목적이 있다. 연구대상은 바닷가 공간으로 한정하고, 내용적 범위는 바닷가 공간관리정책의 의의 및 구성체계, 변화 그리고 결정모형의 설계로 설정하였다. 조사방법은 주로 문헌조사를 통한 2차 자료를 수집하여 개념적 논의 대상과 요인을 도출하고, 바닷가 공간관리정책의 분석모형을 설계하였다. 바람직한 바닷가 공간관리정책의 결정모형은 정책변수, 집행변수, 환경변수로 구성된다. 그 내용을 보면, 첫째, 정책변수는 바닷가 공간관리정책 자체에 해당하는 것으로 정책이 도입된 목표와 내용을 포함하고 있으며, 정책요인, 집행조직 요인, 정책대상 요인으로 구성하였다. 구체적으로 정책요인은 정책목표와 제도의 정합성으로, 집행조직 요인은 정책기관 담당자와 조직의 규모로, 정책대상 요인은 정책집단의 특성과 정책대상의 중요성으로 구성하였다. 둘째, 집행변수는 바닷가 공간관리정책을 집행하는 과정에서 필요한 정보화, 의사결정, 네트워크를 말하며, 구체적으로 정보화 요인은 시스템의 혁신성으로, 의사결정 요인은 접근경로로, 네트워크 요인은 조직간의 협력구조로 구성하였다. 셋째, 환경변수는 바닷가 공간관리정책에 영향을 미치는 사회적, 경제적, 정치적 상황의 변동을 의미하며, 구체적으로 사회적 요인은 이해관계자로, 경제적 요인은 예산편성으로, 정치적 요인은 주민참여로 구성하였다. The purpose of this study is to establish the concept of seaside spatial management policy and suggest the model analyzing elements that affect the seaside spatial management policy. To accomplish this goal, the study object was the seaside space and the content scope was limited to the meaning and composition system of the seaside spatial management policy, change of paradigm, and design of determinant model. The research method was carried on through collecting the secondary data by literary review, deducted conceptional object, and designed determinant model of the seaside spatial management policy. The Determinant model of seaside spatial management policy has set the policy variable, execution variable, and environment variable as the independent variables and the seaside spatial management policy as the dependent variable. The content is as follows. First, the policy variable is the seaside spatial management policy itself, including the objective and content as well as being composed of the policy factor, executive organization factor and policy object factor. To be more specific, the policy factor, the execution organization factor, and the execution organization factor were composed of consistency of the policy objective and system, the person in charge of the policy institution and size of the organization, and the characteristic of the policy group and the importance of the policy objects respectively. Second, the execution variable means the informationization, decision making and network needed during the procedure which is executing the seaside spatial management policy. In detail, the informationization factor, the decision making factor, and the network factor were composed of the innovativeness of the system, the approaching route and the cooperative structure between organizations respectively. Third, the environment factor means the change of the social, economical and political situation that affects the seaside spatial management policy. Specifically, the social factor, the economic factor, and the political factor were composed of the person concerned, the budget organization, and the citizen"s participation.

환경적응력을 위한 공공녹지공간의 가변성 사례 분석

허추안,이애란 응용생태공학회 2022 Ecology and resilient infrastructure Vol.9 No.4

The purpose of this study was to understand and develop various environmental designs to play a key roles in urban design, so that public green spaces remain vital with future changes. Variability in space, ecology, and society were analyzed based on research of variable environmental spaces in 11 selected studies conducted locally and abroad since the 2010s. Moreover, landscape characteristics, design methods, and design strategies were analyzed accordingly for each case. The results of the study showed that variability in landscapes provided various possibilities for spatial change and satisfied people’s functional needs for spatial use. In addition, variable environmental design greatly compensated for the defects by solving the issues associated with fixed landscapes by increasing the flexibility of use and adaptability to the environment. This study showed that variable design is applicable to public green spaces; environmental stress; and variability in architecture, the environment, and landscaping, and it contributes to enhancing the sustainability and resilience of the environment. 본 연구의 목적은 환경설계에서 핵심 역할을 할 가변성 설계를 이해하고 발전시켜 미래의 변화 속에서 공공의 녹지공간이더욱 긴 생명력을 갖게 해야 하는 데 있다. 연구 내용은 가변적 환경 공간에 대한 문헌자료를 기반으로 가변성을 공간, 생태, 사회로 분류하고, 2010년대 이후 국내외의 11개 작품을 선정한 후 사례별 분류에 따른 경관 특성 및 설계 방법과 적용을 분석하였다. 결과를 살펴보면, 가변성 경관은 공간 변화에 대한 다양한 가능성을 제공할 수 있고, 공간 사용에 대한 사람들의 기능적 요구를충족시킬 수 있었다. 또한 사용의 유연성과 환경에 대한 적응력을 상승시켜 고정 경관이 갖는 모순을 해결하고 결함을 크게보완하였다. 본 연구는 첫째, 공공녹지공간, 환경적응력과 가변성에 대한 이론적 고찰을 통한 유형화를 시도하고 둘째, 건축, 환경과 조경 분야의 사례분석을 통해 가변적 설계가 장소적으로는 공공녹지 및 공간에 적용가능하며, 지속가능성과 생태환경의회복력을 증진시키는 데 기여함을 입증하였다.

Orlginal Article : Agri-environmental System Engineering and Energy ; Spatial, Vertical, and Temporal Variability of Ambient Environments in Strawberry and Tomato Greenhouses in Winter

( Myong Jin Ryu ),( Dong Ki Ryu ),( Sun Okk Chung ),( Yun Kun Hur ),( Seung Oh Hur ),( Soon Jung Hong ),( Je Hoon Sung ),( Hak Hun Kim ) 한국농업기계학회 2014 바이오시스템공학 Vol.39 No.1

Purpose : In protected crop production facilities such as greenhouse and plant factory, farmers should be present and/or visit frequently to the production site for maintaining optimum environmental conditions and better production, which is time and labor consuming. Monitoring of environmental condition is highly important for optimum control of the conditions, and the condition is not uniform within the facility. Objectives of the paper were to investigate spatial and vertical variability in ambient environmental variables and to provide useful information for sensing and control of the environments. Methods: Experiments were conducted in a strawberry-growing greenhouse (greenhouse 1) and a cherry tomato-growing greenhouse (greenhouse 2). Selected ambient environmental variables for experiment in greenhouse 1 were air temperature and humidity, and in greenhouse 2, they were air temperature, humidity, PPFD (Photosynthetic Photon Flux Density), andCO2 concentration. Results: Considerable spatial, vertical, and temporal variability of the ambient environments were observed. In greenhouse 1, overall temperature increased from 12:00 to 14:00 and increased after that, while RH increased continuously during the experiments. Differences between the maximum and minimum temperature and RH values were greater when one of the side windows were open than those when both of the windows were closed. The location and height of the maximum and minimum measurements were also different. In greenhouse 2, differences between the maximum and minimum air temperatures at noon and sunset were greater when both windows were open. The maximum PPFD were observed at a 3-m height, close to the lighting source, and CO2 concentration in the crop growing regions. Conclusions: In this study, spatial, vertical, and temporal variability of ambient crop growing conditions in greenhouses was evaluated. And also the variability was affected by operation conditions such as window opening and heating. Results of the study would provide information for optimum monitoring and control of ambient greenhouse environments.

Spatial, Vertical, and Temporal Variability of Ambient Environments in Strawberry and Tomato Greenhouses in Winter

Ryu, Myong-Jin,Ryu, Dong-Ki,Chung, Sun-Ok,Hur, Yun-Kun,Hur, Seung-Oh,Hong, Soon-Jung,Sung, Je-Hoon,Kim, Hak-Hun Korean Society for Agricultural Machinery 2014 바이오시스템공학 Vol.39 No.1

Purpose: In protected crop production facilities such as greenhouse and plant factory, farmers should be present and/or visit frequently to the production site for maintaining optimum environmental conditions and better production, which is time and labor consuming. Monitoring of environmental condition is highly important for optimum control of the conditions, and the condition is not uniform within the facility. Objectives of the paper were to investigate spatial and vertical variability in ambient environmental variables and to provide useful information for sensing and control of the environments. Methods: Experiments were conducted in a strawberry-growing greenhouse (greenhouse 1) and a cherry tomato-growing greenhouse (greenhouse 2). Selected ambient environmental variables for experiment in greenhouse 1 were air temperature and humidity, and in greenhouse 2, they were air temperature, humidity, PPFD (Photosynthetic Photon Flux Density), and $CO_2$ concentration. Results: Considerable spatial, vertical, and temporal variability of the ambient environments were observed. In greenhouse 1, overall temperature increased from 12:00 to 14:00 and increased after that, while RH increased continuously during the experiments. Differences between the maximum and minimum temperature and RH values were greater when one of the side windows were open than those when both of the windows were closed. The location and height of the maximum and minimum measurements were also different. In greenhouse 2, differences between the maximum and minimum air temperatures at noon and sunset were greater when both windows were open. The maximum PPFD were observed at a 3-m height, close to the lighting source, and $CO_2$ concentration in the crop growing regions. Conclusions: In this study, spatial, vertical, and temporal variability of ambient crop growing conditions in greenhouses was evaluated. And also the variability was affected by operation conditions such as window opening and heating. Results of the study would provide information for optimum monitoring and control of ambient greenhouse environments.

Spatial, Vertical, and Temporal Variability of Ambient Environments in Strawberry and Tomato Greenhouses in Winter

류명진,류동기,정선옥,허윤근,허승오,홍순정,성제훈,김학헌 한국농업기계학회 2014 바이오시스템공학 Vol.39 No.1

Purpose: In protected crop production facilities such as greenhouse and plant factory, farmers should be present and/orvisit frequently to the production site for maintaining optimum environmental conditions and better production, which istime and labor consuming. Monitoring of environmental condition is highly important for optimum control of the conditions,and the condition is not uniform within the facility. Objectives of the paper were to investigate spatial and vertical variabilityin ambient environmental variables and to provide useful information for sensing and control of the environments. Methods: Experiments were conducted in a strawberry-growing greenhouse (greenhouse 1) and a cherry tomato-growinggreenhouse (greenhouse 2). Selected ambient environmental variables for experiment in greenhouse 1 were air temperatureand humidity, and in greenhouse 2, they were air temperature, humidity, PPFD (Photosynthetic Photon Flux Density), andCO2 concentration. Results: Considerable spatial, vertical, and temporal variability of the ambient environments wereobserved. In greenhouse 1, overall temperature increased from 12:00 to 14:00 and increased after that, while RH increasedcontinuously during the experiments. Differences between the maximum and minimum temperature and RH values weregreater when one of the side windows were open than those when both of the windows were closed. The location and heightof the maximum and minimum measurements were also different. In greenhouse 2, differences between the maximum andminimum air temperatures at noon and sunset were greater when both windows were open. The maximum PPFD wereobserved at a 3-m height, close to the lighting source, and CO2 concentration in the crop growing regions. Conclusions: Inthis study, spatial, vertical, and temporal variability of ambient crop growing conditions in greenhouses was evaluated. Andalso the variability was affected by operation conditions such as window opening and heating. Results of the study wouldprovide information for optimum monitoring and control of ambient greenhouse environments.

고층 건물 북측면의 주광 성능 개선을 위한 환경 변수의 평가

최원기,이동권,서승직,안명환 대한건축학회 2005 대한건축학회논문집 Vol.21 No.5

This paper focuses on evaluation of environmental variables for daylight performance improvement in high-rise north facade in urban area. The sensitivity analysis of environmental variables were performed on the basis of previous study. Especially, main environmental variables to be considered were ground surface reflectivity, building mass, building layout type and building distance. The numerical model was developed for evaluation of daylight performance in this study. As a result comparison of our simulation programs and commercial softwares, it was verified that there was no difference between two results.As a passive control technique, the opposing facade could be given attention by urban designers and planners, as well as by those drawing up building legislation for the urban built environment. It would be desirable and important for users of the built environment, to determine future development from the point of view of how opposing facades affect daylighting.Consequently, application of opposite building is proved to be an effective method for the improvement of daylight performance in high-rise north facade. This approach could have implication for energy efficiency and conservation, effectively utilizing the free resource of solar radiation.

Pattern of Species Distribution along Environmental Variables in Two Different Forest Beat of Raghunandan Reserve Forest of Habiganj

Hosen, Md. Shahadat,Ahamed, Md. Saleh Institute of Forest Science 2017 Journal of Forest Science Vol.33 No.4

The study has piloted to find the Pattern of species distribution along environmental variables and disturbance in Raghunandan Reserve Forest. Shaltila and Shahapur beat of Raghunandan Hill Reserve Forest are situated in Chunarughat sub-district of Habiganj district between $24^{\circ}5^{\prime}-24^{\circ}10^{\prime}N$ and $91^{\circ}25^{\prime}-91^{\circ}30^{\prime}E$ under the Sylhet Forest Division. The Environmental variable and vegetation data were collected from 30 sample plots from each forest beat by using arbitrary sampling without preconceived bias. 51 species were found from Shaltila and 34 species found in Shahapur forest beat. Thus the dataset continued with total 85 species in 60 samples. To determine the relationships between tree species distribution and environmental variables, Canonical Correspondence Analysis (CCA) ordination method were performed separately for two forest beat. In CCA ordination, tree species showed significant variation along environmental gradients in terms of soil organic matter and disturbances (p<0.05) in the case of Shaltila forest. Potassium has a significant relationship with axis 1 and axis 2 in this forest. But Shahapur forest showed no significant relationship between species and environmental variables. Phosphorus has a significantly negative relationship with axis 2 in this forest. Disturbance played as a critical role of this forest thus influencing the distribution of species. The study showed that the distributions of tree species are strongly influenced by disturbance and organic matter in Shaltila and Shahapur forest beat showed no significant relationship between species and environmental variables. Future research should be included more environmental variables with larger study area that identify the most important environmental forces which will drive by species distribution findings in this forest.