창업가 특성요인과 창업코칭활동이 창업성과에 미치는 영향: 의식전환을 매개로

전은지,양영석,김명숙 한국벤처창업학회 2019 벤처창업연구 Vol.14 No.1

This paper is brought to analyze an impact of coaching activities over entrepreneur with respect to entrepreneurs’ personal characteristics on the performance of Startups focusing on entrepreneur’s awareness conversion effect. In particular, the situation of falling focus of serious startup failure on uncoachable obstinate entrepreneur among the several causes of startup failures, this paper define the research mission of reducing this risk by inducing coaching types of cooperations between senior entrepreneur having serial successful startup experiences and beginning entrepreneur. This paper carry out literature reviews chiefly on startup coaching researches rather than mentoring studies because coaching stressing on self-oriented problem defining and solving by entrepreneur actively tend to be more effective than mentoring relying on mentor’s guideline passively as solving startup’s main upcoming problems. This paper implement four related researches. First, the impact analysis of entrepreneur’s personal characteristics on coaching activities, second, influences of entrepreneurs environmental factors on them, Third, impact of coaching activities on entrepreneur’s awareness conversion effect, Fourth, how strongly this conversion effect contributing on the performance of startup. As results of empirical research, first, this paper prove that entrepreneur’s environmental factors impact positively on coaching activities over entrepreneur although failing on validating on significant impact of entrepreneur’s personal characteristics on coaching activities. Second, this paper prove that coaching activities positively influence on entrepreneur’s awareness conversion, hence ultimately positively on the performance of startups. As conclusion, this paper validate that coaching activities over entrepreneur through inducing on the conversion of entrepreneur’s awareness lead entrepreneur to setting the bar high and accountable planning of business milestone. This paper contribute on delivering policy implication that government initiatin action-oriented training program for entrepreneurs should accept the module of coaching session to produce more effective results. 본 연구는 창업가 개인특성과 환경특성이 창업코칭활동과 창업가 의식전환을 매개로 창업성과에 미치는 영향에 관한 연구이다. 특히 본 논문은 여러 사업실패원인이 있지만, 대다수의 창업가들이 유연하지 못한 사고로 인하여 성공적인 창업을 하지 못하고 좌절하는 것이 큰 문제로 제기되고 있는 상황에서 이 위험을 줄이기 위해 사업 및 시장경험자와 코칭을 통한 협력적 사업실행이 요구됨을 문제제기로 작성되었다. 본 논문은 선행연구를 창업코칭 중심으로 진행하였는데, 이는 멘토링이 창업가의 문제점 해결함에 있어 멘토의 직접적인 의견을 제시하는 방식으로 진행되어 창업자가 스스로 문제를 인식하고 해결하는 행동지향적인 과정이 미흡하여 이는 창업가의 근본적인 문제 해결에 대한 한계점이 있다는 지적에서 코칭의 중요성이 강조되고 있기 때문이다. 본 연구는 크게 네 가지 연구를 진행하였다. 첫째, 창업가의 개인특성이 창업코칭활동에 영향을 미치는지 여부 분석, 둘째, 창업가의 환경특성이 창업코칭활동에 영향을 미치는지 여부, 셋째, 창업코칭활동이 창업가의 의식전환에 영향을 미치는지 여부, 넷째, 이러한 창업가의 의식전환이 창업성과에 미치는 영향분석 등이다. 실증분석의 결과, 본 연구는 창업가 개인특성이 창업코칭활동에 유의미한 영향을 미치지 못하였지만, 창업가 환경특성은 창업코칭활동에 정(+)의 영향을 미치는 것으로 확인되었다. 더불어 창업코칭활동은 창업가의 의식전환에 정(+)의 영향을 미쳤으며, 창업가 의식전환은 창업성과에 정(+)의 영향을 미침을 확인하였다. 이로써 본 연구는 창업코칭활동과 창업가 의식전환이 창업성과에 긍정적인 영향을 주는 것으로 확인할 수 있었다. 본 연구의 결론은 창업코칭활동으로 창업가의 의식이 전환되어, 창업성과를 높이기 위한 목표 재설정과 실행계획 수립에 도움을 주는 것으로 나타났다. 이에 본 연구결과는 창업기업을 대상으로 하는 다양한 실전창업교육 프로그램들에 코칭방식의 진행이 적극 수용되어야 함을 시사점으로 제시하고 있다.

소상공인 창업자의 창업자 특성이 자기효능감과 성취욕구에 미치는 영향

김준호,최춘현,허동욱 한국유통경영학회 2020 유통경영학회지 Vol.23 No.1

Purpose: Successful entrepreneurs’ characteristics are significantly different from others. The primary purpose of this study is to analyze the effects of entrepreneurs’ characteristics categorized into innovativeness, risk-taking, network activity, and progressiveness on self-efficacy. The secondary purpose of this study is to analyze the effects of self-efficacy on needs for achievement. In addition, we attempted to analyze whether entrepreneurs’ age, revenues per month, competitiveness, and satisfaction for business moderate the relationship between self-efficacy and needs for achievement. Research design, data, and methodology: We analyzed the influences of entrepreneurs’ characteristics on self-efficacy and needs for achievement with a survey on entrepreneurs in small- and medium-sized firms. A total of 113 questionnaires were collected and used for our final analysisResults: The results of this study are as follows. First, entrepreneurs’ innovativeness, risk-taking, network activity, and progressiveness positively influenced their self-efficacy. Second, the results indicated that entrepreneur’s self-efficacy positively influenced their needs for achievement. Third, the results presented that entrepreneurs’ age, competitiveness, and satisfaction for business moderate the relationship between their self-efficacy and their needs for achievement. With respect to the moderating effects of competition intensity, there is a significant difference between low competition intensity group and high one in terms of the relationship between entrepreneurs’ network activity and their self-efficacy. With regard to the moderating effects of satisfaction for business, there is a significant difference between low satisfied group and high one in terms of the relationship between entrepreneurs’ network activity and their self-efficacy. Specifically, if they have high satisfaction for business, the moderating effect is greater than otherwise. Conclusions: The results suggested that first, if entrepreneurs make efforts to innovate products and/or services, they would have higher self-efficacy than otherwise. Second, if entrepreneurs take risks at the level where they can control the risks, they would have higher self-efficacy than otherwise. Third, if entrepreneurs maintain good relationships with partners, they would have higher self-efficacy than otherwise. Fourth, if entrepreneurs make efforts to develop new products, they would have higher self-efficacy than otherwise. Finally, if entrepreneurs hold higher self-efficacy on their own business, they would have higher needs for achievement than otherwise.

Should I Stay or Should I Go? The Location Choice of Dual-embedded Entrepreneurs

Mengjin Gao,김영규 한국전략경영학회 2023 전략경영연구 Vol.26 No.1

Prior studies suggest that entrepreneurs tend to locate where they are strongly embedded in local networks despite less favorable economic factors. Yet entrepreneurs may be embedded in multiple regions and this makes a challenge to the local embeddedness perspective in explaining the location choice of dual-embedded entrepreneurs. Dual-embedded entrepreneurs, who develop strong ties in both home and host countries, can either stay to become foreign entrepreneurs or come back home to become returnee entrepreneurs. Our study attempts to explain the differences in their choices of startup locations. To understand the location choice of dual-embedded entrepreneurs, we employed a mixed-method approach, combining a survey of 55 junior and senior Chinese university students, who are currently studying in Korea, with four in-depth interviews from both foreign entrepreneurs (i.e., Chinese entrepreneurs who started their businesses in Korea), and returnee entrepreneurs (i.e., Those who previously studied in Korea and went back to China to start their businesses). We found that strong ties with host country ethnic group (i.e., Korean community) are positively associated with starting businesses in Korea but that strong ties with home country ethnic group in a host country (i.e., Chinese community in Korea) are negatively associate with the decision to start their businesses in Korea. We also found the complementary effect between two types of strong ties increases the likelihood of starting their businesses in Korea. Moreover, our results suggest the moderating effect of having the host-country ethnic in the prior mentioned relationships. Our study contributes to entrepreneur location choice studies and transnational entrepreneurship research and provides an alternative explanation on why some students going abroad become foreign entrepreneurs and others become returnee entrepreneurs.

Comparison of Restaurant Distribution Entrepreneurs’ Pressure on Business Failure and Entrepreneurial Intention

Soo-Jin AN,Choung-Seob SHIN,Dea-Seob PARK 한국유통과학회 2019 유통과학연구 Vol.17 No.5

Purpose – This study aims to exploratorily analyze relationship among pressure on business failure, social safety net perception, and entrepreneurial intention targeting potential business founders – pre-entrepreneurs and re-entrepreneurs. Research design, data, and methodology – Out of 450 collected surveys, 386 were used for analysis. Among these, 216 were from pre-entrepreneurs and 170 were from re-entrepreneurs. Frequency analysis, reliability and validity analysis, and regression analysis were performed. Results – In analysis of pre-entrepreneur and re-entrepreneur’s pressure on business failure and social safety net perception, objective environment perception – a subfactor of social safety net perception – had statistically significant difference between the two potential entrepreneur groups. Conclusions – We categorized potential entrepreneurs into pre-entrepreneurs and re-entrepreneurs. Also, the current study suggests importance of social safety net to vitalize food service business startup by validifying its mediating effect between pressure on business failure and attitude towards restaurant business establishment. This research also established groundwork for future studies on ways to improve entrepreneurial intention or startup business sustainability by deducing social safety net perception difference between pre-entrepreneurs and re-entrepreneurs. This study was able to analyze relationship between those two groups in terms of entrepreneurial intention and startup business sustainability.

한·중 중소기업가의 창업동기 및 성장동기에 관한 연구- 기대이론을 중심으로 -

정대용,첨희,한관섭 한국경영교육학회 2012 경영교육연구 Vol.27 No.2

There have been several efforts made to emphasize the assessment of individual behavior’s desirablity, the expectancies of their outcomes and the expectancies themselves in entrepreneurial processes of new enterprises(Carter et al., 2003; Linda F. Edelman, et al., 2010). Based upon this Expectancy theory, previous studies have developed the ‘process-oriented approach intended to analyze the processes of starting a business’. This study aims to analyze empirically what are differences in starting a business, growth intentions and entrepreneurial outcome satisfaction in entrepreneurial processes of new enterprises between Korean and Chinese entrepreneurs in South Korea and China where different cultural and economic growth phases have been seen. For the purpose, a questionnaire survey was carried out with 379 Korean and Chinese entrepreneurs as respondents. Structural equation modeling was employed for empirical analyses, and the results are as follows. Found in this study, differences and similarities in the characteristics of entrepreneurs between Korean entrepreneurs and Chinese entrepreneurs are summarized as follows: first, there was significant difference in the effects of starting a business on entrepreneurial outcome satisfaction between the two groups in the light that the research hypothesis of the path to finance success and roles in starting a business among Chinese entrepreneurs was rejected.; second, there was no significant difference in the effects of starting a business on growth intentions between the two groups, as significantly positive(+) effects were seen in both the group; third, there was no significant difference in the effects of growth intentions on entrepreneurial outcome satisfaction between Korean entrepreneur group and Chinese entrepreneur group, as the hypothesis of the path to independence and recognition for growth intentions was rejected in both the groups.; and, finally, there were some differences between the two groups in the roles of variables mediating between the starting a business of growth intentions and the entrepreneurial outcome satisfaction because different mediating effects were observed by sub-factors. The results of this study are considered meaningful in clarifying the entrepreneurial process characteristics of Korean and Chinese entrepreneurs in the manner of applying Expectancy theory of the process-oriented approaches. Specifically, it was expected that there would be statistically significant differences in entrepreneurial characteristics between Korean entrepreneur group and Chinese entrepreneur group owing to noticeable differences in their cultural or economic settings, and an empirical analysis of entrepreneurs engaging actually in the industries also shows that there are significant differences between the two groups in the path to finance success and roles in starting a business and even the effects of starting a business on entrepreneurial outcome satisfaction by the medium of growth intentions. Therefore, the results above suggest that it is required to choose carefully appropriate political supports by venture/entrepreneurship fostering organizations according to different characteristics of entrepreneurs in Korea and China. 신생기업의 창업과정을 개인행동의 바람직성과 행동의 결과에 관한 기대와 평가를 강조하는 기대이론 측면에서 접근하려는 노력들(Gatewood, 2004; Edelman, Brush, Manolova, and Greene, 2010)이 시도되어 왔다. 이런 노력들은 창업과정을 분석하는데 과정접근법이 이용될 수 있음을 뒷받침 해왔다. 이에 본 연구는 문화와 경제성장 단계에서 상이한 모습을 보이고 있는 한국 및 중국에 있어서, 중소기업 창업가들 사이의 신생기업 창업과정에서의 창업동기와 성장동기를 살펴 볼 목적으로 수행되었다. 이를 확인하기위해 한국 및 중국 중소기업창업가 379명을 대상으로 설문조사를 실시하고, 실증분석을 위해 구조방정식모형분석을 활용하였으며, 그 결과는 다음과 같다. 한·중 중소기업창업가 간의 차이를 보면, 첫째, 창업이 창업결과만족에 미치는 영향에서는 중국 창업가의 창업에서 재정성공 및 역할에 대한 경로가 기각됨으로써 한·중 간 차이가 있었고, 둘째, 창업이 성장의도에 미치는 영향에서는 한·중 창업가 모두에서 유의한 정(+)의 영향력이 있는 것으로 나타나 한·중 간의 차이가 없는 것으로, 셋째, 성장의도가 창업결과만족에 미치는 영향에 있어서는 한·중 양국 창업가의 성장의도에서 독립 및 인정에 대한 경로가 동일하게 기각됨으로써 한·중 양국 간에 차이가 없는 것으로 나타났으며, 마지막으로 성장의도의 창업과 창업결과만족 사이에서의 매개변수 역할에서는 하위 요인별로 상이한 매개변수효과가 발생함으로써 창업 및 성장동기의 차이를 보이고 있었다. 본 연구를 통하여 한·중 중소기업 창업가들의 창업과정을 과정접근방법 중 기대이론을 응용하여 양국 창업가의 동기적 차이를 밝히는 의미 있는 연구결과를 얻었다. 특히, 문화적, 경제적 차이 등으로 한·중 중소기업 창업가 간에는 통계적으로 유의한 기업가적 특성의 차이가 있을 것으로 기대하였는바, 현장에 종사하고 있는 창업가를 대상으로 한 실증분석에서도 창업에서 재정성공, 창업에서 역할 간의 경로와 창업이 성장의도를 매개로 창업결과만족에 미치는 영향에서 한·중 중소기업 창업가 간에 의미 있는 차이가 발견되었다. 따라서 양국 창업가 간의 동기적 특성차이에 따른 벤처·창업 지원조직들의 정책적 지원에서 차별화된 선택이 필요한 것으로 나타났다.

자수성가형 기업가의 특성에 관한 연구

김병진(ByungJin, Kim),남영호(YoungHo, Nam) 대한경영학회 2017 大韓經營學會誌 Vol.30 No.3

서울신용보증재단 지원 소상공인 예비창업자의 특성별 성과

전덕영,윤병섭 아시아유럽미래학회 2022 유라시아연구 Vol.19 No.1

최근 몇 년 동안 코로나바이러스감염증-19(COVID-19)가 지속되면서 소상공인의 경영상태가 매 우 악화되고 있다. 정부는 시장실패(market failure)에 직면한 소상공인에게 금융위험을 낮추고 경영활동을 촉진해 수익성을 향상할 수 있도록 정책목적성을 지니고 지원한다. 소상공인 정책자금은 새로운 사업 형성, 재기(再起) 등을 지원해 소상공인의 성장을 돕고 소상공인을 통해 고용을 창출함으로써 국가 경제발전에 기여 하도록 유도한다. 정책자금의 전략적 배분은 소상공인 성공의 열쇠가 된다. 본 연구의 목적은 서울신용보증재단이 지원하는 소상공인 예비창업자 특성별 성과를 분석함에 있다. 서울신 용보증재단이 소상공인 예비창업자를 대상으로 펼치는 창업컨설팅을 통한 정책자금 지원이 예비창업자 특성 에 따라 총자산회전율, 매출액, 종업원 수 등에 나타나는 성과를 밝힌다. 서울신용보증재단은 예비창업자들을 대상으로 창업 전에 사업계획서 작성 등 1단계 컨설팅을 지원하고, 창업 후에 창업자금과 2단계 컨설팅을 지 원한다. 서울신용보증재단은 예비창업자 단계부터 창업 후 3년 이내까지 정책자금과 컨설팅을 지원하여 준비된 창업을 통해 실패를 낮추는 정책목적성을 지니고 있다. 본 연구는 코로나바이러스감염증-19(COVID-19) 이전인 2016년부터 2018년까지 3년 동안 서울신용보증재단이 도운 예비창업자 500개 업체의 사업계획서 작성 등 1단계 컨설팅, 창업 후에 창업자금과 2단계 컨설팅 자료를 분석하였다. 코로나바이러스감염증-19(COVID-19) 이전 자료를 분석해 정부의 정책목적성을 살펴봄으로써 최근 코로나바이러스감염증-19(COVID-19)로 시장실 패(market failure)에 직면한 소상공인의 정책목적성과 그 당위성을 살펴본다. 독립변수는 성별, 연령, 창업 준비 기간, 동업종 경험, 신용관리 역량, 비은행 대출, 총자산, 자기자본비율, 부채비율, 목표순이익 등의 소상 공인 예비창업자 특성별 요인을 사용하였고, 종속변수는 총자산회전율, 매출액, 종업원 수 등의 성과를 사용 하였다. 회귀분석 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 소상공인 예비창업자를 대상으로 창업컨설팅을 통한 정책자금 지원이 총자산회전율에 유의한 정(+)의 영향을 미치는 변수는 성별, 자기자본비율, 목표순이익 등이며, 유의한 부(-) 의 영향을 미치는 변수는 총자산(창업소요 자금)이다. 이는 남성 창업자가 목표순이익을 높게 설정하여 자기 자본비율을 높이고, 창업비용을 적게 지출하여 총자산회전율을 높임으로써 소유자산을 효과적으로 이용한다 고 판단할 수 있다. 둘째, 소상공인 예비창업자를 대상으로 창업컨설팅을 통한 정책자금 지원이 매출액에 유 의한 정(+)의 영향을 미치는 변수는 성별, 총자산(창업소요 자금), 자기자본비율, 목표순이익, 동업종 경험 등 이다. 이는 동업종 경험이 풍부한 남성 창업자가 규모 있는 총자산, 높은 자기자본비율을 지니고 목표순이익 을 높이면 창업하여 경영할 때 매출액이 증대함을 시사한다. 셋째, 소상공인 예비창업자를 대상으로 창업컨설 팅을 통한 정책자금 지원이 종업원 수에 유의한 정(+)의 영향을 미치는 변수는 총자산(창업소요 자금), 목표순 이익, 동업종 경험, 신용관리 역량(등급) 등이다. 이는 동업종 경험이 풍부한 소상공인 예비창업자가 규모 있 는 총자산을 지니고 목표순이익을 높여 신용관리 역량을 함양하면 창업하여 경영할 때 일자리 수 창출에 기여 함을 시사한다. 본 연구는 서울신용보증재단이 소상공인 예비창업자를 대상으로 펼치는 창업컨설팅을 통한 정책자금 지원 이 총자산회전율, 매출액, 종업원 수 등에 긍정적 영향을 미친다는 결과를 바탕으로 실무적 제언을 다음과 같 이 한다. 첫째, 남성 창업자가 여성 창업자에 비해 동업종 경험과 인적 네트워크가 풍부하여 경영성과에 기여 한 것으로 나타나고 있다. 따라서 여성 창업자에게 업종 경험과 창업 기회 확대 등 선택 폭을 넓힐 환경 조성 이 필요하다. 단기적 성과보다 장기적 성과에 초점을 두는 여성 창업자 육성방안을 심도 있게 연구해 여성이 미래 일자리 창출에 일익을 담당할 수 있도록 여성 창업관련 제도를 정비 및 확충해야 한다. 둘째, 동업종에 서 매출액을 증대해 본 경험과 관리 노하우, 판매네트워크 등 암묵지를 지닌 소상공인 예비창업자가 그렇지 않은 예비창업자보다 경영성과 창출에 유리하다. 특히, 실패한 소상공인이 재기할 경우 성과를 통해 종업원을 고용하는 등 확대재생산의 기반을 마련할 수 있으므로 정부는 실패한 소상공인의 재기방안을 확대해 재창업 을 유도하면 사회적 자본 손실을 극소화할 수 있다. 셋째, 목표순이익이 총자산회전율, 매출액, 종업원 수 등 에 긍정적 영향을 미치는 요인임을 밝혀 소상공인 예비창업자를 대상으로 컨설팅을 통해 정책자금을 지원할 때 높은 목표의식을 가지고 창업할 수 있도록 의식훈련을 강화하여야 한다. 넷째, 소상공인 예비창업자는 정 보비대칭성으로 시장실패의 영역에 있다. 정부는 소상공인을 대상으로 정책자금을 지원할 때 성장성 있는 창 업기업은 연성정보를 기반으로 하는 창업자금 지원을 고려해야 한다. 다섯째, 예비창업자에 대해서는 창업 전 부터 상권분석, 사업계획서 작성, 사업타당성 분석을 통해 창업실행이 될 수 있도록 지속적 창업컨설팅 지원 이 이루어져야 한다. In recent years, as the pandemic caused by the coronavirus infection-19(COVID-19) continues, the financial status of small business owners has drastically deteriorated. The government supports small business owners facing market failure in accordance with the policy goals in lowering financial risks and promoting management activities in order to improve profitability. Small business policy funds support new business formation and recovery to help small business owners grow and contribute to the development of the national economy by creating employment opportunities. Strategic allocation of policy funds is the key to the success of small business owners. The purpose of this study is to analyze the performance of consulting and funding support by characteristics of small business owner prospective entrepreneurs supported by the Seoul Credit Guarantee Foundation. The Seoul Credit Guarantee Foundation will disclose the results of total asset turnover ratio, sales amount, and number of employee depending on the characteristics of small business owner prospective entrepreneurs who provided start-up consulting and policy funds to small business owner prospective entrepreneurs. The Seoul Credit Guarantee Foundation supports small business owner prospective entrepreneurs with firstphase consulting, such as writing a business plan before starting a business, and supports second-phase consulting with start-up funds after starting a business. The goal of the Seoul Credit Guarantee Foundation is to reduce the number of failed start-ups through consulting and policy funds support from preliminary start-up stage to within three years after start-up. This study analyzed the first-stage consulting data including the preparation of business plans and the second-stage consulting data of 500 small business owner prospective entrepreneurs helped by the Seoul Credit Guarantee Foundation for three years from 2016 to 2018, before COVID-19. By analyzing the data before COVID-19, the government's policy objectives and their justifications for those objectives are examined for small business owners who have recently faced market failure due to COVID-19. The characteristic factors of small business owner prospective entrepreneurs such as: gender, age, start-up preparation period, industry experience, credit management capability, non-bank loan, total asset, equity capital ratio, debt ratio and target net income were used as independent variables. Also, total asset turnover ratio, sales amount and number of employee were used as dependent variables. The results of the regression analysis on the performance of each characteristic of small business owner prospective entrepreneurs are as follows. First, the variables in which supporting policy fund through start-up consulting for small business owner prospective entrepreneurs has a significant positive(+) effect on total asset turnover ratio are gender, equity capital ratio, and target net income. And a variable that has a significant negative(-) effect on total asset turnover ratio is total assets(start-up expenses). This can be judged that the male entrepreneurs, the higher the target net income, the higher the equity capital ratio, and the smaller the start-up expenses, the higher the total asset turnover ratio, thereby effectively using the assets owned. Second, the variables in which supporting policy fund through start-up consulting for small business owner prospective entrepreneurs has a significant positive(+) effect on sales amount are gender, total assets(start-up expenses), equity capital ratio, target net income, and industry experience. This suggests that if male entrepreneurs with a lot of experience in the same industry have a high total assets, a high equity capital ratio, and a high target net income, sales amount increase when starting and operating a business. Third, the variables in which supporting policy fund through start-up consulting for small business owner prospective entrepreneurs has a significant positive(+) effect on on the number of employee are total assets(start-up expenses), target net income, industry experience, credit management capability(grade). This suggests that if male entrepreneurs with a lot of experience in the same industry have a high total assets, a high target net income, and cultivate credit management capabilities, they will contribute to creating jobs when starting and operating their new business. This study makes practical suggestions based on the results that supporting policy fund through start-up consulting conducted by the Seoul Credit Guarantee Foundation for small business owner prospective entrepreneurs has a positive effect on total asset turnover ratio, sales amount, and number of employee. First, it was found that male entrepreneurs contributed to business performance due to their richer experience and human network in the same industry than that of female entrepreneurs. Therefore, it is necessary to create an environment that will expand the range of choices for female entrepreneurs, such as industry experience and expanding the opportunities for the foundation of start-ups. The women's start-up-related system should be reorganized and expanded so that women can play a part in creating future jobs by in-depth research on ways to foster female entrepreneurs focusing on long-term performance rather than short-term performance. Second, small business owner prospective entrepreneurs with experience in increasing sales amount at a same industry, management know-how, and tacit knowledge such as sales networks are more advantageous in creating business performance than small business owner prospective entrepreneurs who do not. In particular, if failed small business owners make a comeback, they can lay the foundation for expanded reproduction, such as employees hirement through employees through results-based criteria, so the government can minimize social capital losses by expanding ways to revive failed small business owners. Third, it is necessary to strengthen conscious training so that small business owner prospective entrepreneurs can start their own businesses with a high sense of goal when providing policy funds through consulting by revealing that target net income has a positive effect on total asset turnover ratio, sales amount, and number of employee. Fourth, small business owner prospective entrepreneurs have a higher threatness of market failure due to information asymmetry. When providing policy funds to small business owners, the government should consider supporting start-up funds based on soft information for start-up companies with growth potential. Fifth, for small business owner prospective entrepreneurs, continuous start-up consulting support should be provided for the execution of start-up through commercial district analysis, business plan preparation, and business feasibility analysis before start-up.

일제하 제주도 기업가의 사회적 배경 연구

고광명(Kwang Myong Ko) 한국경영사학회 2008 經營史學 Vol.47 No.-

본 연구는 기업가의 ≪個人履歷書≫ 자료를 통하여 일제하 제주도 기업가의 사회적 배경 특성을 파악하는데 있다. 본 연구의 분석에 사용된 통계기법은 빈도분석(frequencies analysis)과 교차분석(cross tab)이다. 본 연구에 대한 분석결과를 종합하면 다음과 같이 요약할 수 있다. 첫째, 제주도 기업가의 출생 시기는 제3기(1900-1909)에 출생한 것으로 나타났고, 나머지 경우에는 제4기(1910년 이후)와 제2기(1890-1899)에 출생한 것으로 나타났다. 둘째, 제주도 기업가의 출신지역은 북제주군이 비교적 높게 나타났고, 나머지 경우에는 제주시와 남제주군 출신인 것으로 나타났다. 셋째, 제주도 기업가의 학력은 Ⅰ유형에서 한문수학이 높게 나타나고 있으나 Ⅳ유형인 경우에는 보통학교 출신자가 많은 것으로 나타났다. 넷째, 제주도 기업가의 업종은 Ⅳ유형에서 다른 업종에 비해 상업이 비교적 높은 것으로 나타났다. 다섯째, 제주도 기업가는 일제하 제주도 토착자본을 바탕으로 도민자본을 형성하였고 신용과 근면, 절약을 상인정신으로 삼았으며 경영성과인 부를 지역사회에 환원하여 기업가윤리를 몸소 행동으로 보여주었다. 따라서 본 연구를 통해 얻어진 결과들은 최근 기업가의 사회적 배경에 대해 중요하게 인식되는 시기에 국내외 기업가(경영자)들에게 많은 시사점을 제공해 줄 것으로 기대된다. 더욱이 제주도 기업가들은 기업가 유형에 따라 기업가적 특성이 다르게 나타난다는 사실을 새롭게 인식할 수 있는 계기가 될 것이다. The purpose of this study was to examine the social background which were characteristics of Jejudo entrepreneurs through the research sources, that is ‘personal history(personal statements, resume) of entrepreneurs’. The analysis of this study can be summarized as follows: First, the birth time of the Jejudo entrepreneurs was in 3rd(1900-1909) for the most part, the rest belonged in 4th(1910 after) and in 2nd(1890-1899) with sequence. Second, around half of Jejudo entrepreneurs had Bukjejugun as their hometown, the rest of them had Jeju city and Namjejugun as their hometown. Third, Jejudo entrepreneurs in the type ‘I’ studied Eastern ideas, Jejudo entrepreneurs in the type ‘IV’ had primary school as last degree mostly. Fourth, Many of jejudo entrepreneurs in the type ‘IV’ had commerce as their major compared with other type. Fifth, Jejudo entrepreneurs accumulated wealth with a modern company, and then their contributed money to the local community and showed ethical business of social-oriented or community based entrepreneurship. The result of this study gives entrepreneurs(CEO) suggestions in the time with increasing concerns about the social background of entrepreneurs. Also, this study provides an opportunity to recognize that the social background of Jejudo entrepreneurs is different according to the type of entrepreneurs.

공정거래법상 시장지배력 판단기준에 관한 고찰

조성국(Sung Kuk Cho) 중앙법학회 2013 中央法學 Vol.15 No.2

The concept of market dominant entrepreneur in the Monopoly Regulation and Fair Trade Act(MRFTA) can be traced to the concept of monopolistic and oligopolistic entrepreneurs in the Prices Stabilization and Fair Trade Act enacted in 1975. The object of designation system of monopolistic and oligopolistic entrepreneurs was to control market prices through price report to the government by them. The definition of the monopolistic and oligopolistic entrepreneurs in Prices Stabilization and Fair Trade Act was similar to that of the present market dominant entrepreneurs. However, the Enforcement Decree of Prices Stabilization and Fair Trade Act defined them as one or a small number of entrepreneurs in markets with high concentration, which is different from market dominant entrepreneurs in MRFTA. As a result, the monopolistic and oligopolistic entrepreneurs came to mean entrepreneurs which should be regulated through price reports. In the MRFTA enacted in 1980, the market dominant entrepreneur was defined in a similar manner to that in German Competition Law(GWB). However, the Enforcement Decree of the MRFTA defined the market dominant entrepreneur based to market shares like the previous Prices Stabilization and Fair Trade Act. Therefore, Korea Fair Trade Commission had designated the market dominant entrepreneurs according to the previous practices. There was no room for the concept of collective dominance discussed in EU competition law. In the 1999 revision of MRFTA, the preliminary designation of the market dominant entrepreneurs was abolished and ex post facto test was introduced instead. However, there were no big differences in practices of Korea Fair Trade Commission, because the Act used the previous market share criteria to evaluate market dominant position similarly. Practices like this have some problems in that there is no considerations about competition situations and they are against basic economic theory. There seems to be need for revision of MRFTA on this moment.

기업가의 연령이 실패 후 재창업에 미치는 영향: 동업 경험과 가정 내 추가 수입원의 조절 효과를 중심으로

이종선(Jongseon Lee),김나미(Nami Kim) 대한경영학회 2020 大韓經營學會誌 Vol.33 No.9