어머니의 자기성찰, 감정코칭 반응과 아동의 자기성찰지능이 아동의 정서조절 방식에 미치는 영향: 다중매개효과 검증

오지현 ( Oh Ji Hyun ),김지윤 ( Kim Ji Youn ) 한국놀이치료학회 2017 한국놀이치료학회지(놀이치료연구) Vol.20 No.4

본 연구는 아동의 정서조절 방식에 어머니의 자기성찰이 영향을 미치는 과정에서 감정코칭 반응과 아동의 자기성찰지능이 매개할 것이라는 가설을 확인하고자 연구모형을 설정하였고, 구조방정식 모델로 분석하였다. 본 연구는 A시에 소재한 3개의 초등학교 5, 6학년 아동과 그들의 어머니 288쌍이 참여하였다. 연구도구로는 어머니의 자기성찰척도(An & Oh, 2013), 아동의 부정적 정서표현에 대한 어머니 반응 척도(Oh, 2013), 아동의 자기성찰지능 척도(Kwon, 2008), 아동의 정서조절 방식 척도(Won, 2015)를 활용하였다. 분석 결과는 첫째, 어머니의 자기성찰 수준은 감정코칭 반응과 아동의 자기성찰지능에 직접적인 영향을 주는 것으로 나타났다. 어머니의 감정코칭 반응은 아동의 자기성찰 지능과 아동의 정서조절 방식에 유의한 영향을 미쳤고, 아동의 자기성찰 지능 또한 아동의 정서조절 방식을 유의미하게 예측하는 것으로 나타났다. 다음으로, 어머니의 자기성찰 수준은 감정코칭 반응과 아동의 자기성찰 지능을 통해서 아동의 정서조절 방식에 미치는 간접효과가 모두 통계적으로 유의미하게 나타났다. 즉, 어머니의 자기성찰수준은 감정코칭 반응과 아동의 자기성찰지능을 매개로 아동의 정서조절 방식에 영향을 미치는 완전매개모형으로 나타났다. 이는 어머니의 감정코칭 반응과 아동의 자기성찰지능이 중요한 매개변수로서의 역할을 하고 있음을 시사한다. 본 연구는 어머니의 자기성찰수준과 감정코칭 반응, 아동의 자기성찰 지능이 아동의 정서조절 방식으로 이어지는 경로를 경험적으로 검증하였다는데 의의가 있다. 이러한 결과는 후기 아동기의 정서조절 방식에 영향을 미치는 어머니 요인과 아동의 요인을 통합적으로 이해하는데 도움을 줄 수 있을 것으로 기대한다. This study examined the multi-path mediated effects of mother’s self reflection to child emotion-regulation strategies through emotion coaching and child intrapersonal intelligence. The participants in this study were children (from grades 5-6) and their mothers. They completed questionnaires from the mother’s self reflection scale(An & Oh, 2013), the emotion-coaching scale(Oh, 2013), the child intrapersonal intelligence scale(Kwon, 2008) and the child emotion-regulation strategies scale(Won, 2015). The main findings were as follows. First, the mother’s self reflection level had a direct influence on levels of child intrapersonal intelligence. Mother’s emotional coaching had a positive effect on child intrapersonal intelligence, and child emotion-regulation strategies, respectively. Our results indicate that there were positive correlations between child intrapersonal intelligence and child emotion-regulation strategies. Second, mother’s self reflection levels had significant indirect effects on child emotion-regulation strategies through emotion coaching and child intrapersonal intelligence. These results indicate that The Influence of the mother’s emotion coaching reactions and child intrapersonal intelligence were importance mediators. Our results suggests that there are distinct pathways from a mother’s self reflection level to child emotion-regulation strategies through the mother’s emotion coaching and child intrapersonal intelligence. The results of this study provided a consolidated understanding of how mother and child have an influence on emotion-regulation strategies within late childhood.

Emotional Intelligence Research Trends and Future Research Directions in Korean Journals

LEE, Seoyeon,MOON, Jaeseung 한국유통과학회 2021 The Journal of Industrial Distribution & Business( Vol.12 No.1

Purpose: The purpose of the study is to analyze the characteristics of emotional intelligence and the variables related to emotional intelligence in a comprehensive manner. In addition, the study intends to present research trends and future research directions of emotional intelligence in a Korean context by analyzing the effects of emotional intelligence and its mechanisms. Research Design, Data, and Methodology: 77 KCI listed studies were selected for the analysis, and the research perspective of emotional intelligence, measurement instruments, empirical research and research methods were analyzed. In addition, research directions were suggested based on the analysis results. Results: The results of the analysis were as follows: First, previous researchers used the ability model of emotional intelligence the most. Second, Previous studies tended to focus on behavioral factors as dependent variables affected by emotional intelligence, in addition to attitudes, affection. Third, there were few studies on the antecedents of emotional intelligence, however, most studies dealt with the consequences of emotional intelligence. Fourth, few studies dealt with moderators between emotional intelligence and dependent variables. Fifth, on the research type, most studies were quantitative studies, however, a few of them were qualitative studies (Literature review, in-depth interview). Sixth, with regard to the analysis level, almost all studies were conducted on the individual level of emotional intelligence, and most studies featured a cross-sectional research design (longitudinal research design was rare). Conclusion: First, from the perspective of emotional intelligence, additional research should be focused on not only the ability model of emotional intelligence but also on the trait model or the mixed model in the future. Second, since emotional intelligence is a multidimensional construct, it is necessary to study the profile of emotional intelligence by employing people-centered as well as variable-centered methods. Third, with regard to empirical studies, additional research is needed with respect to not only the emotional intelligence of the subordinate, but also the emotional intelligence of the supervisor (leader) and the emotional intelligence of the group. Fourth, it is necessary to actively utilize not only cross-sectional design but also longitudinal design, and qualitative research and meta-analysis methods should also be adopted.

Testing Emotional Intelligence as a Mediator of the Relationship Between Sport Leaders` Coaching Behaviors and Athletes` Satisfaction

( Young Taek Oh ),( Myung Hwan Yang ) 한국체육학회 2015 국제스포츠과학 학술대회 Vol.2015 No.1

Purpose: In the elite sport context, the behavior and interpersonal style of the coach can play a central role in develop athletes` performance satisfaction, interpersonal relation satisfaction and psycho-social experience that result from their sport participation(Bartholomew, Notoumanis, & Thogersen-Ntøumani, 2010). Self-determination theory propose that an autonomy-supportive interpersonal style will enhance athletes` self-determined motivation, while controlling motivational strategies undermines athletes` psychological need and sense of determination, and contribute to controlled motivation(Ryan & Deci, 2000). Emotional intelligence is the ability to identify and manage your own emotions and the emotions of others. Research has been conducted to examine the relationship of emotional intelligence with various aspects of life that indicated relationship of emotional intelligence with success in the fields of education, work, health, adjustment, etc. This study was designed to examine the mediating effect of emotional intelligence on the relationship between coaches` coaching behavior and athletes` satisfaction outcomes. Method: Participants in this study were 248 high school and collegiate athletes who were enrolled in KOC(Korean Olympic Committee). Participants responded to a questionnaire measuring autonomy-supportive interpersonal style(Williams & Deci, 1996), controlling interpersonal style(Bartholomew, Notoumanis, & Thogersen-Ntøumani, 2010), emotional intelligence(Wong & Law, 2002), and athletes` satisfaction. Result: Structural equation modeling analysis, using maximum likelihood robust method, showed autonomy-supportive interpersonal style significantly predicted emotional intelligence, and athletes` satisfaction, but controlling interpersonal style was unrelated to emotional intelligence and athletes` satisfaction. The relationship between autonomy-supportive interpersonal style and athletes` satisfaction was partially mediated by emotional intelligence. Conclusion: The findings suggest that autonomy-supportive interpersonal style may enhance athletes` satisfaction due to higher levels of emotional intelligence. The results also underline the importance of autonomy-supportive interpersonal style and emotional intelligence for the athletes` performance, perceived coaching satisfaction and interpersonal relations among elite sport athletes.

감정노동, 감성지능이 종업원의 감정고갈에 미치는 영향에 관한 연구

홍용기 대한경영정보학회 2008 경영과 정보연구 Vol.25 No.-

A new research paradigm is emerging within organizational behavior, in both theory and empiricism, based on the increasing recognition of the importance of emotions to organizational life. This paper suggest that emotion intelligence play a moderate variables in relationship of emotion labor and emotional exhaustion. More specifically, it is proposed that emotional intelligence, the ability to understand and manage emotions in the employee self and others, contribute to effective emotions management in organizations. Four major aspects of emotion labor, appraisal and expression of emotion in oneself, appraisal and recognition of emotion in others, regulation of emotion in oneself and use of emotion to facilitate performance, are described. Also, the emotional intelligence are consists of four aspects, frequency of appropriate emotional display, attentiveness to required displayed rules, variety of emotions to be displayed and emotional dissonance. Then I propose how emotional intelligence contributes to of relations the emotion labor and emotional exhaustion. The purpose of this research is to investigate the impact of emotion labor to employee's emotional exhaustion to explore the moderating effects of the emotional intelligence between the emotion labor and emotional exhaustion. To complete the research the data were collected through a questionnaire from 147 employees from service company. After multi-hierarchical regression analysis, the outcomes of this study are the employee's emotional exhaustion are affected negatively by the three factors: major aspects of emotion labor, regulation of emotion in oneself, use of emotion to facilitate performance, make the moderation effect between emotion labor and emotional intelligence. These results indicate that instilling in others an appreciation of the importance of work activities: encouraging of true expression individual emotions, generating and maintaining well emotional climate and cooperation situations, and managing a meaningful environment for an organizational life.

선수의 스포츠 심리기술과 정서에 대한 정서지능의 중요도

이미숙,박철용,남정훈 한국데이터정보과학회 2013 한국데이터정보과학회지 Vol.24 No.2

The purpose of this study was to verify the relationship among sport emotional intelligence, sports psychological skills and sports emotion of university athletes. To comply with the purpose, the construct validity and the reliability of measured data were verified by using of SPSS 18.0 & AMOS 18.0 program. In addition, for the relationship among sport emotional intelligence, psychological emotion and sports emotion, the difference between sport psychological skills and sport emotion according to the level of sport emotional intelligence were analyzed by latent means analysis with AMOS 18.0 program, and the relationships among the related factors were analyzed by covariance structure analysis. The results were as follows. First, for the difference between sport psychological skills and sport emotion according to the level of sport emotional intelligence, the harmony of teams, mental state and willpower of sport psychological skills on high groups of sport emotional intelligence were shown high compared to those of low groups’, while the pride and happiness on high groups of sport emotion were shown high compared to those of low groups’. Second, the sport emotional intelligence had positive effect on sport psychological skills. Third, the sport emotional intelligence had positive effect on sport emotion. Fourth, sport psychological skills had positive effect on sport emotion. 본 연구는 선수들의 스포츠 심리기술과 스포츠정서에 대한 스포츠 정서지능의 중요도를 규명하기 위한 목적으로 진행되었다. 이러한 목적에 따라 SPSS 18.0과 AMOS 18.0을 이용하여 측정 자료의 구성타당도 및 신뢰도를 검증하였다. 그리고 스포츠 정서지능과 심리기술 및 스포츠 정서의 관계는 AMOS 18.0을 이용한 잠재평균분석을 통해 스포츠 정서지능 수준 별 스포츠 심리기술과 스포츠 정서의 차이를 분석하였고, 공분산구조분석을 통해 이들 요인간의 관계를 분석하였다. 분석결과 다음과 같은 결과를 도출하였다. 첫째, 스포츠 정서지능 수준 별 스포츠 심리기술과 스포츠 정서의 차이는 스포츠 정서지능 고집단이 저집단에 비해 스포츠 심리기술의 팀조화와 심상 및 의지력이 높은 것으로 나타났으며, 스포츠 정서에서는 자부심과 행복이 높은 것으로 나타났다. 둘째, 스포츠 정서지능과 스포츠 심리기술의 관계에서는 스포츠 정서지능이 스포츠 심리기술에 정적영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 셋째, 스포츠 정서지능과 스포츠 정서의 관계에서는 스포츠 정서지능이 스포츠 정서에 정적영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 넷째, 스포츠 심리기술과 스포츠 정서의 관계에서는 스포츠 심리기술이 스포츠 정서에 정적영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다.

감성지능(感性知能)을 통한 동양예술(東洋藝術)의 심미적(審美的) 접근(接近) - 석도화론(石濤畵論)의 ‘자임(資任)’을 중심으로 -

권윤희 ( Kwon Yunhee ),김귀석 ( Kim Kyuseok ) 한국동양예술학회 2018 동양예술 Vol.40 No.-

If artificial intelligence is defined as the perceptual ability related to human reason, emotional intelligence can be defined as the perceptual ability related to human emotions. In other words, artificial intelligence and emotional intelligence are the perceptual abilities of human reason and emotion. Artificial intelligence cannot replace the human mind, that is, emotions or sensitivity. Thanks to the fourth industrial revolution caused by artificial intelligence, the basic human need for freedom of life met, but the resulting human alienation has become a craze for emotional intelligence. In the fourth industrial revolution, human life and happiness focus on the discovery and expansion of emotional intelligence. Emotional intelligence is a unique area of human nature that cannot be replaced by mechanical civilization. The study of emotional intelligence has been mainly conducted in the areas of the development and enhancement of emotional intelligence, the factors that affect emotional intelligence or aesthetic consciousness. The goal of this study is based on the application of human emotional intelligence to oriental art. Human emotional intelligence is a factor that realizes ideals and values. Thus, human emotional intelligence in the art area can value itself and realize the aesthetic ideal by discovering it. Shitao of chung dynasty period has raised the aesthetic theory of oriental art called duty of artist's accumulated talents. This shows an intelligent and emotional approach to oriental art. The aestheticism of duty of artist’s accumulated talents has made Oriental art more refined and profound. Human emotional intelligence is a valuable area that can realize individual ideals and happiness. This is because emotion has such characteristics.

Effects of Personal Trainers` Emotional Intelligence on Customer Trust and Loyalty

( Soo Hyun Kim ),( Jae Hwa Kim ) 한국체육학회 2016 국제스포츠과학 학술대회 Vol.2016 No.1

Purpose: Fitness center industry is rapidly growing in South Korea, as the general public becomes more aware of concepts of ‘wellbeing’ ‘wellness’ and ‘healing’ and more conscious about the benefits of exercise. Especially, a personal trainer plays an important role in contributing to the revenue growth of the fitness center industry by providing personalized custom workout program to help customers reach their health and fitness goals. Thus, effective management of the personal trainer who is the core human resource in fitness centers is critical to increase the company revenue and performance. Recent years, Emotional Intelligence has gained substantial attention in the field of Organizational Behavior and extensive research has been conducted on this topic. Early studies have indicated that emotional intelligence of organizational personnel positively affected customer trust and loyalty. However, little is known regarding how a personal trainer’s emotional intelligence impacts the customer trust and loyalty in the field of physical education. The purpose of the study was to investigate the effects of emotional intelligence on the customer trust and loyalty in personal trainers. This study provided a framework for the discussion on the subject of emotional intelligence and a useful basis for fitness centers to develop human resource management interventions. Method: Individuals exercising at fitness centers in Seoul, South Korea were set as a study population. Three hundred thirty seven fitness center customers (n=337) was finally selected using a convenience sampling method and surveyed concerning their opinions of emotional intelligence of their personal trainers, customer trust, and loyalty. A questionnaire was developed to measure three constructs (i.e., emotional intelligence, customer trust, and loyalty). The emotional intelligence adapted from Emotional Intelligence Scale (Wong & Law, 2002) consisted of three subconstructs (i.e., others’ emotion appraisal, regulation of emotion, and use of emotion). The customer trust and loyalty modified and adapted from a questionnaire in past studies were used in the present study. Statistical methods for the data analysis were frequency analysis, exploratory factor analysis, reliability analysis, and simple and multiple regressions. All the data were analyzed using PASW Statistics 18. Result: Based on the data analyses, three main results were obtained as follows. First, emotional intelligence had a positive effect on the customer trust. In detail, three subconstructs, others’ emotion appraisal, regulation of emotion, and use of emotion, all positively affected the customer trust. The estimates of relative importance between these subconstructs indicated that the others’ emotion appraisal were most influential, followed by the use of emotion and regulation of emotion. Second, emotional intelligence had a positive effect on the loyalty. In particular, others’ emotion appraisal, regulation of emotion, and use of emotion had positive effects on the loyalty. The relative importance of the subconstructs, ranked in descending order, were others’ emotion appraisal, regulation of emotion, and use of emotion. Third, customer trust had a positive effect on the loyalty. Conclusion: Based on the results, the conclusions and recommendations were drawn as follows. First, the study provided a contribution to building the body of knowledge on the subjects of emotional intelligence of personal trainers to have a better understanding of the relationship of the aforementioned constructs in the field of physical education. Thus, administrative personnel in the fitness center should design and provide an in-service training to enhance emotional intelligence of their personal trainers. Second, the noteworthy point of the study was the finding that subconstruct of others’ emotion appraisal appeared to have the largest impact on improving the customer trust and loyalty. This finding provided useful information for administrative personnel of fitness centers to develop systematic measures to enhance a personal trainer’s ability to understand customer’s emotion and thereby increase overall company revenue and performance. Third, the study employed a quantitative method that might have a limitation in examining causal relationships between variables. For the future research, a mixed method (i.e., quantitative method combined with qualitative methods) is needed to gain better insight to make a contribution to the body of knowledge related to emotional intelligence of personal trainers.

감성지능이 소비자 혁신성에 미치는 영향 - 감각추구성향과 인지욕구를 중심으로 -

박유식,채희남 한국기업경영학회 2011 기업경영연구 Vol.18 No.3

New products are the key to developing a company and yielding profit. The importance of developing new products is being magnified in current environment where PLC(product life cycle) is getting short owing to development of technology and competitive launch of new products. From strategic point of view for diffusing new product efficiently, information from markets is all about characteristics of consumer purchasing new products, marketing activities rival firms conduct and targeted market environment. We focus on consumer characteristics which influence on adoption new products. Many studies on consumer characteristics, especially about consumer innovativeness, are being conducted. Consumer innovativeness is the rate of consumer adopting new idea and an innovative consumer not only adopts new products easily but also influences diffusing them through entire market. Success or failure of new products, therefore, depends on how rapidly new products are adopted by consumers. Innovators play an important role in success of new products and consequently studying on these consumer characteristics may contribute success of new product in may ways. As emotion is becoming as important as intellect, emotion is being applied diversely in marketing area. However, there is few studies focused on emotional intelligence among articles on innovative consumer characteristics even though nowadays an importance of emotional marketing which improves a relationship between customers and brands through emotional drive is emphasized. A study on emotion of innovator, therefore, needs to be performed to diffuse new products efficiently. We try to figure out effects on emotional intelligence in consumer innovativeness. Emotional intelligence is an ability of perceiving and expressing emotion accurately, of crating emotion and promoting thinking, of understanding sentiment, and of controling emotion to promote intellectual and emotional development. We consider ‘self emotional appraisal,’ ‘otherʼs emotional appraisal,’‘use of emotion,’ ‘regulation of emotion’ as independent variables. Because cognitional and emotional aspects coexist in consumer’s mind, emotional intelligence has an positive influence on ‘need for cognition’ and ‘sensation seeking tendency.’ In addition, because ‘need for cognition’ acts as an important drive of information processing, we can consider ‘need for cognition’ and ‘sensation seeking tendency as a mediate variable explaining innovativeness. Consumer innovativeness is divided two constructs, technological innovativeness and fashion innovativeness; technological innovativeness presents the degree of adopting functional products such as a car and fashion innovativeness presents the degree of adopting emotional products like apparel. We performed first how ʻneed for cognition, which is innate tendency’ and ʻsensation seeking tendency ʼ influence technological innovativeness and fashion innovativeness, which are domain-specific innovativeness and then how emotional intelligence, which consists of ʻself emotional appraisal,’‘otherʼs emotional appraisal,’ ‘use of emotion,’ ‘regulation of emotion’ have an effect on ʻneed for cognition and sensation seeking tendency.ʼThe results revealed H1 and H2(sensation seeking tendency → fashion innovativeness) and H3 and H4(need for cognition → technological innovativeness) are accepted. H5~H12(emotional intelligence → sensation seeking tendency, need for cognition) are partly accepted. In detail, otherʼs emotional appraisal and use of emotion, which are dimensions of emotional intelligence, had partly effects on sensation seeking tendency and othersʼ emotional appraisal, use of emotion and regulation of emotion,which are dimensions of emotional intelligence, had partly effects on need for cognition positively. As results of this study, we find out ʻemotional intelligenceʼ includes both emotional and intellectual aspects... 오늘날은 이성만큼이나 감성이 중요하게 여겨지고 있는 시대로 마케팅 분야에서도 그 활용범위가 점차 확대되고 있다. 특히 신제품을 효과적으로 확산시키기 위해서는 혁신소비자(innovator)의 감성에대한 연구가 꼭 필요하기 때문에 본 연구에서는 감성지능이 소비자 혁신성(consumer innovativeness)에미치는 영향을 알아보았다. 그래서 감성지능의 하위차원이 소비자의 내재적 성향인 인지욕구와 감각추구성향에 미치는 영향과, 인지욕구와 감각추구성향이 특정 영역에 대한 혁신성인 기술혁신성과 유행혁신성에 미치는 영향을 알아보았다. 그 결과 감성지능의 하위차원 중에 타인감정이해와 감정활용은 감각추구성향에 감정활용 및 감정조절은 인지욕구에 영향을 미쳤으며, 감각추구성향은 유행혁신성에 인지욕구는 기술혁신성에유의한 영향을 미쳤다. 이 연구결과로 감성지능이 소비자 혁신성에 미치는 영향을 알아볼 수 있으며, 감성지능의 하위차원들이 감각추구성향과 인지욕구에 부분적으로 긍정적인 영향을 미친 것으로 보아 감성지능은감성적인 면과 인지적인 면을 포함한다는 것도 확인 할 수 있었다. 그리고 기술혁신성이 강한 신제품과 유행혁신성이 강한 신제품의 효과적인 확산에 대한 마케팅적 시사점을 제시할 수 있다

지식기반사회에서 정서지능 이론에 기초한 실과ㆍ교수학습 자료 개발과 그 적용 효과

정진현,양용명 한국실과교육학회 2011 한국실과교육학회지 Vol.24 No.1

This study focus on how the practical arts education should perform for elementary students, in order to participate in the practical arts more positively and elementary students can be improved the abilities of emotional area. The purpose of this study verifies experimentally about that the practical arts instruction based on the emotional intelligence theory effects on creativity, attitude, self-efficacy of the elementary students. For this, this study performed 1)theoretical consideration about emotional intelligence, creativity, attitude, self-efficacy, 2)development about teaching media materials and problem solving teaching-learning lesson plan based on the emotional intelligence theory, 3)verification about improvement effect of emotional intelligence, creativity, attitude, self-efficacy in practical arts. Emotional intelligence program was composed of 17 items which made of "Our life and electricity·electronic' unit and 'supplies making with needle and thread' unit based on the emotional intelligence theory. Results of this study were as follows:1. Elementary students improved the creative thinking through the making activities, promoted the emotional stability through vegetable growing and animal breeding, promoted more the development of emotion ability than recognition ability which be raised the cooperation, problem solving ability, and self-efficacy in practical arts education. 2. Experimental group that be applied for practical arts program based on the emotional intelligence theory improved emotional recognition and emotional control as the subordinate elements of emotional intelligence. 3. Experimental group improved creativity, attitude to practical arts, self-efficacy. Therefor through practical arts program which based on the emotional intelligence theory, elementary students improved emotional intelligence, creativity, attitude to practical arts, and self-efficacy. 본 연구에서는 아동들의 정의적 영역의 능력들이 향상될 수 있고, 좀 더 실과에 능동적으로 참여하도록 하기 위하여 아동들에게 실과교육은 어떠해야 하는지에 초점을 두고, 정서지능의 이론, 실과에서의 창의성, 태도, 자아효능감, 정서지능의 실과 적용 의미에 대한 이론적으로 고찰하고, 정서지능 이론에 기초한 문제해결 교수·학습 지도안과 수업매체 자료를 개발하고, 정서지능 이론에 기초한 실과 문제해결 수업이 아동의 정서지능, 창의성, 태도, 자아효능감 신장에 미치는 효과를 검증하였다. 본 연구의 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 정서지능, 태도, 자아효능감에 대해서는 실험집단과 비교집단의 정서지능에 대한 사후검사를 t검증한 결과, 실험집단과 비교집단 간에는 정서지능 총점에서 유의한 차이가 없었으며, 실험집단과 비교집단의 사전·사후검사의 정서지능 점수의 증가폭을 비교해 본 결과 실험집단의 총점 증가폭이 비교집단의 총점 증가폭에 비해 높게 나타났다. 둘째, 창의성에 대해서는 실험집단과 비교집단의 사후검사 점수를 검증한 결과, 실험집단과 비교집단 간의 창의성 총점에서 유의한 차이가 나타났으며, 창의성의 하위요인에서도 유창성 요인과 정교성 요인에서 통계적으로 유의한 차이가 나타났고, 융통성과 독창성 요인에서도 통계적으로 유의한 차이를 보였다. 따라서 정서지능 이론에 기초한 문제해결 교수 · 학습 지도안과 수업매체 자료를 개발하여 실과 수업에 적용한 결과, 아동의 정서지능, 창의성, 태도, 자아효능감 신장에 미치는 효과가 부분적으로 있는 것으로 나타났음을 알 수 있다.

이러닝 환경에서 정서지능이 학업성취도에 미치는 영향

이인숙 ( In Sook Lee ) 한국교육정보미디어학회(구 한국교육정보방송학회) 2012 교육정보미디어연구 Vol.18 No.3

정서지능은 개인의 학습과 행동을 결정하는 주요 변인으로 폭넓게 인식되어 다루어지고 있음에도 이러닝 환경에서 정서지능의 역할에 대한 학문적 논의는 미비한 편이다. 본 연구는 학습자의 자기주도적인 역할이 특히 강조되는 이러닝 환경에서 중요성이 높아지고 있는 정서지능이 학업 성취도에 미치는 영향을 규명하고자 하였다. 서울시내 ``ㅅ`` 대학의 학생 30명을 대상으로 단기 이러닝 강좌를 운영하였으며 문용린(1997)의 정서지능 검사, 인지 및 태도 목표의 학업성취도 검사를 실시하였다. 그 결과 정서지능은 이러닝 환경에서 ``감정이입``을 제외하고는 전반적으로 인지영역의 학업성취도를 유의미하게 예측하지 못하였다. 그러나 정서지능이 태도영역의 학업성취도를 전반적으로 유의미하게 예측함과 동시에 특히 ``감정이입``과 ``정서인식`` 하위 정서지능 변인들이 학업성취도를 유의미하게 예측해주고 있었다. 본 연구결과는 특히 ``감정이입``의 학업성취도 예측 가능성을 인지 및 정의 영역 학습에서 공통적으로 확인해주고 있으며 정서지능을 개선하기 위한 지원프로그램의 필요성과 가능성을 제안하고 있다. Emotional intelligence and emotional regulation as one of the sub concepts of emotional intelligence have been considered critical in daily life, learning, and education, since Bar-on (1997), Goleman (1995), and Mayer & Salovey (2000) have introduced their conceptual definitions and measurement scales and tools. And e-Learning as ``maximizing access to and interactions with various knowledge sources`` nowadays has become a norm in educational practices worldwide. Considering emotional intelligence has been dealt with as a critical variable deciding individual learning and behavior, however, there is still little discussion found on the roles of emotional intelligence in e-learning setting. The present study mainly aims to examine if emotional intelligence would be a significant variable in predicting cognitive and attitudinal learning achievement in e-learning context where learners are expected to develop better multi-cultural understanding in Korea. Various positions in defining and measuring emotional intelligence are available. Among them, ability- and trait-emotional intelligence are most commonly accepted differentiations (Petrides & Furnham, 2000, 2001; Mayer, Salovey & Caruso, 2008). The present study was conducted based on ability-emotional intelligence paradigm with a sample of 30 undergraduate students who took an Introductory Educational Methodology and Technology course. Their academic backgrounds were varied. An intensive one week e-learning module, ``Introduction to Multicultural Understudying`` has been delivered for individual learning first followed by group discussions. The individual learning materials include facts, laws and regulations, and case stories/news-clips/videos. The discussion activities were provided after each individual learning chapter cover issues related to discrimination toward immigrant workers and solutions. The level of emotional intelligence was measured with Moon`s 45-item questionnaire including ``perceiving emotions``, ``expressing emotions``, ``empathy``, ``managing emotions``, and ``using emotions``. Attitude toward immigrant workers was collected with an 11-item questionnaire before and after learning. Knowledge about immigrant workers was assessed with test items including laws and regulations, root causes of discrimination, and alternative solutions to resolve discrimination problems. The questionnaires were tested before and after learning. Results of multiple regression analyses revealed that ``ability`` emotional intelligence (R²=.183, p<.05), especially ``empathy`` (R²=.131, p<.05) and ``perceiving emotion`` (R²=.289, p<.00), predict improvement of positive attitude toward different cultures among the undergraduate students. However ``ability`` emotional intelligence did not generally predict improvement of cognitive understanding of different cultures among the undergraduate students except ``empathy`` (R²=0.211, p<.05). The findings of the present study confirm Kang and Koo`s finding suggesting that emotional intelligence is not generally predicting cognitive learning achievement among undergraduate students within individual online learning. However, ``empathy`` could act as a predictor of cognitive learning achievement. Concerning attitude learning, the present result show that emotional intelligence predict its learning achievement, as most of the longitudinal research done in the international community. Another point of concern is that ``empathy`` is probably the best predictor of academic achievement. The present study results implicate that there is a need to support or educate people to develop emotional intelligence competencies in daily life or through learning opportunities in order to achieve more positive effects in academic performances.