Power Analysis of a 3-kW Class Motor-Driven Multipurpose Walking-Type Transplanter

임승진,권행주,강영선,이바울,김택진,김용주,김연수 한국농업기계학회 2019 바이오시스템공학 Vol.44 No.3

Purpose The purpose of this study is to measure and analyze the power of the motor-driven transplanter to provide useful information for the optimal design of an electric drive system. Methods An electric transplanter was developed by replacing its engine-driven system with an electric motor-driven system. The data acquisition system was constructed to measure torque and rotational speed data during field operations. The field experiment was performed under three operational conditions at planting distance levels (26, 42, and 63 cm) as follows: (1) driving without transplanting operation, (2) transplanting operation without driving, and (3) transplanting operation with driving. Results In the case of the driving without transplanting operation, the average power requirement of the driving part increased from 0.14 to 0.124 kW. In the case of the transplanting operation without driving, the maximum power requirement of the transplanting part dramatically decreased from 1.084 to 0.346 kW. As the planting distance increased, the average power requirement decreased by 45.7-53.2%. In the case of the transplanting operation with driving and compared to the rated power (3 kW) according to the planting distance, the average total power requirement of the electric transplanter is 1.345 kWat 26 cm (44.8% to rated power), which was approximately 1.57-2.2 times larger than the power requirement at 42 and 63 cm. It can be seen that the continuous operation time is 8.9, 12.8, and 14.3 h at each planting distance. Conclusions The results of this study can provide useful information for designing an optimal electric drive system of a motordriven transplanter considering the load characteristic according to planting distance.

A Study on the Steering System of Electric Scooter

Park, Sung Cheon The Institute of Internet 2022 International journal of advanced smart convergenc Vol.11 No.2

Recently, the popularization of personal mobility(PM) has made it possible to see many electric scooters. The energy source of personal transportation used by the general public and the disabled can be seen as environmentally friendly as electricity. Personal transportation means are divided into small electric vehicles because they use electric energy, and they are being treated as new models by automobile manufacturers in each country and spurring development. On the other hand, personal transportation means may cause various types of traffic accidents as they travel between roads and a human walk. In order to prevent such accidents, it is judged that the enactment of laws on the establishment of specifications for electric scooters, which are personal transportation means, and the method of restricting road operation should be given priority. The electric scooter is basically different from the conventional vehicle. The steering shaft of the steering system applied to the electric scooter one to two is possible. 1 to 2 the front-wheel under the steering column is used. It is classified according to the number of wheel installed at the electric scooter is the vehicle body into 2 wheel - electric scooter, and 3 wheel - electric scooter and 4 wheel - electric scooter. In this study, we propose a steering shaft design model that can be applied to an electric scooter, one of personal transportation means. A design model for 1-shaft steering and 2-shafts steering that can be applied to electric scooters is proposed. In addition, we have produced the prototypes for the commercialization of the proposed models, and reviewed the pros and cons of the manufactured prototypes and models.

A Study on the Steering System of Electric Scooter

박성천 한국인터넷방송통신학회 2022 Journal of Advanced Smart Convergence Vol.11 No.2

Recently, the popularization of personal mobility(PM) has made it possible to see many electric scooters. The energy source of personal transportation used by the general public and the disabled can be seen as environmentally friendly as electricity. Personal transportation means are divided into small electric vehicles because they use electric energy, and they are being treated as new models by automobile manufacturers in each country and spurring development. On the other hand, personal transportation means may cause various types of traffic accidents as they travel between roads and a human walk. In order to prevent such accidents, it is judged that the enactment of laws on the establishment of specifications for electric scooters, which are personal transportation means, and the method of restricting road operation should be given priority. The electric scooter is basically different from the conventional vehicle. The steering shaft of the steering system applied to the electric scooter one to two is possible. 1 to 2 the front-wheel under the steering column is used. It is classified according to the number of wheel installed at the electric scooter is the vehicle body into 2 wheel - electric scooter, and 3 wheel - electric scooter and 4 wheel - electric scooter. In this study, we propose a steering shaft design model that can be applied to an electric scooter, one of personal transportation means. A design model for 1-shaft steering and 2-shafts steering that can be applied to electric scooters is proposed. In addition, we have produced the prototypes for the commercialization of the proposed models, and reviewed the pros and cons of the manufactured prototypes and models.

디젤 하이브리드 전기자동차 연비 및 차량성능에 관한 실험적 고찰

박상민(Sangmin Park),박종남(Jongnam Park),임훈섭(Hunseob Lim) 한국자동차공학회 2006 한국자동차공학회 춘 추계 학술대회 논문집 Vol.- No.-

Many countries intensify the emission regulation to cope with increasing environmental pollution. The need for reducing environmental pollution asks the modification of conventional vehicle technologies and auto manufacturers and institutes are trying to develop environmentally friendly vehicles. There are several types of environmentally vehicles being developed by auto manufacturers. Hybrid technology is most applicable one among them in actuality. Main power source of HEV (Hybrid Electric Vehicle) is diesel engine and assistant power source is electric motor. Electric motor has high torque characteristics at low speed, so it assists torque at low rpm range where engine has low torque. In addition that electric motor has torque boosting functionality at normal driving in case of full acceleration or uphill driving. etc. Electric power for operating electric motor is supplied by high voltage battery charged by electric motor during driving with surplus power. More fuel economy and less emission can be achieved by these driving mechanism. Ssangyong Motor Company developed diesel HEV to meet emission regulation and higher performance using hybrid technologies mentioned above. We analyze hybridization effect for fuel economy and performance, and intend to utilize the analyzed data for optimized further hybrid system development.

The Autonomous Platoon Driving System of the On Line Electric Vehicle

Youjun Choi,Daejun Kang,Sunjong Lee,Youngmin Kim 제어로봇시스템학회 2009 제어로봇시스템학회 국제학술대회 논문집 Vol.2009 No.8

Since the reare traffic and environment problem in the downtown center, we suggestan autonomous platoon driving system based on infra structure to solve these problem. This paper considers three parts:1) Sensing electric magnetic field on the power supply line that is installed under the road to supply power to the electric vehicle wirelessly and controling steering motor and driving motor soft he electric vehicle for the auto nomous driving. 2) Laying RFID tag sunder the power supply line and estimating the position of the electric vehicle based on it. 3) Calculating a distance between electric vehicles based on each vehicle’s position information which is acquired from the vehicle to vehicle communiation and controlling the velocity of the electric vehicle to maintain the distance between the electric vehicles. Developed the autonomous platoon driving system is set on electric vehicles and is confirmed through analytical and experimental performance evalution.

전동 휠체어에 탈․부착이 가능한 유성기어 감속기 구동부 설계

염광욱 한국가스학회 2022 한국가스학회지 Vol.26 No.2

Electric wheelchairs, the output from the motor is mainly applied to a speed reducer using a pow- er transmission device such as a belt or a chain. However, although a speed reducer using a belt or chain is a simple device, it occupies a lot of space and has a space limitation, so it is not suitable for an electric wheelchair driving part. However, since the speed reducer of the planetary gear type is decelerated on the same axis, the volume can be reduced, so the space constraint is less than that of the belt or chain type reducer. Therefore, in this study, a driving part that can obtain great propulsion with a speed reducer using a planetary gear type was developed through a study on the driving part of a wheelchair that can be switched between manual and electric. Accordingly, the tooth shape of the planetary gear applied to the reducer was designed using the Kisssoft program. In addition, the drive part was designed to be applicable to the existing wheelchair wheels, and the mechanism was optimized for the manual/electric switching principle and operation principle of the drive part. Based on the research contents, the final design and manufacture of the wheelchair reducer drive unit in the form of a planetary gear having one sun gear, two planetary gears and one ring gear was carried out. 벨트나체인을이용한감속기는간단한장치이긴하지만공간을많이차지하여공간상의제약이있기때문에전 동휠체어구동부에는부적합하다. 하지만유성기어형태의감속기는동일축에서감속이이루어지기때문에부피 를작게할수있어공간의제약이벨트나체인형태의감속기보다덜하다. 따라서본연구에서는수․전동전환이 가능한휠체어의구동부에대한연구를통하여유성기어형태를이용한감속기로큰추진력을얻을수있는구동부 를개발하였다. 그에따라 감속기에적용되는유성기어의치형을 Kisssoft 프로그램을 이용하여설계를 진행하였 다. 또한기존휠체어바퀴에적용가능하도록구동부의설계를진행하였고, 구동부의수․전동전환원리및작동 원리에대한메커니즘의최적화를진행하였다. 연구내용을토대로하나의선기어와2개의유성기어, 하나의링기 어를갖는 유성기어형태의휠체어감속기구동부의최종설계 및제작을진행하였다.

Slope Driving Experiment of Front Drive Type Electric Wheelchair with Casters using Yaw-rate Compensation

Aydin Tarik Zengin,Yutaro Maruno,Hiroshi Okajima,Nobutomo Matsunaga 제어로봇시스템학회 2012 제어로봇시스템학회 국제학술대회 논문집 Vol.2012 No.10

Electric-powered wheelchairs have been used as a convenient transport device for elderly and disabled. Recently, a front drive type electric wheelchair that is easy for a disabled person to climb on from a bed has been focused on. However, front-drive-type wheelchairs are hard to run straight and difficult to operate because their over-steering characteristic is strong owing to free casters. If the wheelchair can be driven by an easy control stick operation, it will be a comfortable function for disabled persons. In our previous study, we proposed a front-drive-type wheelchair control method which realizes comfortable functions, i.e. driving with easy stick operation like the traditional rear-drive-type wheelchair. The proposed control system uses ideal model of electric wheelchairs. By using our proposed method, the maneuverability can be improved for realizing easy stick operation. In this paper, we evaluate the effectiveness of our proposed method by simulations and experiments on a slope with electric-powered front-drive-type wheelchair. In particular, straight-ahead stability on slope is analyzed by human driving.

강화학습에 기반한 전기차의 에너지 최적 주행제어

김현중,김동민,김수현,이희윤 한국정밀공학회 2024 한국정밀공학회지 Vol.41 No.5

Environmental issues have become a global concern recently. Countries worldwide are making efforts for carbon neutrality. In the automotive industry, focus has shifted from internal combustion engine vehicle to eco-friendly vehicles such asElectric Vehicles (EVs), Hybrid Electric Vehicles (HEVs), and Fuel Cell Electric Vehicles (FCEVs). For driving strategy,research on vehicle driving method that can reduce vehicle energy consumption, called eco-driving, has been activelyconducted recently. Conventional cruise mode driving control is not considered an optimal driving strategy for variousdriving environments. To maximize energy efficiency, this paper conducted research on eco-driving strategy for EVs-basedon reinforcement learning. A longitudinal dynamics-based electric vehicle simulator was constructed using MATLAB Simulinkwith a road slope. Reinforcement learning algorithms, specifically Deep Deterministic Policy Gradient (DDPG) and Deep QNetwork(DQN), were applied to minimize energy consumption of EVs with a road slope. The simulator was trained tomaximize rewards and derive an optimal speed profile. In this study, we compared learning results of DDPG and DQNalgorithms and confirmed tendencies by parameters in each algorithm. The simulation showed that energy efficiency of EVswas improved compared to that of cruise mode driving.

이종 냉각수 활용 3중 열교환기 적용 전동식 냉방시스템 성능 특성 연구

이호성(Hoseong Lee),원종필(Jongphil Won),조중원(Choongwon Cho),임택규(Taekkyu Lim),전한별(Hanbyoel Jeon),남수병(Soobyeong Nam),김동균(Donggyun Kim),김용찬(Yongchan Kim) 한국자동차공학회 2016 한국자동차공학회 부문종합 학술대회 Vol.2016 No.5

The objective of this study was to investigate performance characteristics of the triple fluids heat exchanger with different temperature levels of coolants as a condenser in electric-driven air conditioning system. Tested triple fluids heat exchanger to transfer heat between a refrigerant and two kinds of coolants applied to fuel cell electric vehicles, stack coolant with 35% portion and electric device coolant with 65.0% portion of whole area, was developed to use selectively and concurrently coolant sources along with operating conditions due to different temperature levels. In order to analyze performance characteristics of the triple fluids heat exchanger with respect to heat transfer rate and pressure drop, electric-driven air conditioning system with two kinds of coolants was installed and tested under various operating conditions for coolants, such as temperature and volume flow rate. In addition, since developed heat exchanger was used in electric-driven air conditioning system for a fuel cell vehicle, air conditioning system’s performance characteristics with respect to cooling capacity and coefficient of performance (COP) was analyzed after various experiments with inlet air conditions of evaporator and compressor speed. Performance characteristics of tested triple fluids heat exchanger were affected more by the refrigerant flow rate which reflected various air conditioning system operations, such as ambient temperature and compressor speed, than coolant’s. The heat capacity and pressure drop of tested triple fluids heat exchanger with respect to stack coolant operating conditions were about 7.0 ㎾ and 10.0 ㎪ along with stack coolant temperature, respectively. Like stack coolant operating conditions, performance characteristics with the variation of coolants operating conditions was analyzed and optimal operating conditions for coolants was proposed to have better efficiency of tested air conditioning system.

전기 이륜차용 자동변속기 적용의 실효성 평가(2)

박우영,엄인용 한국자동차공학회 2023 한국 자동차공학회논문집 Vol.31 No.7

For evaluating the effectiveness of transmission application to electric two-wheeled vehicles, a vehicle equipped with a 6-speed automatic transmission and a vehicle equipped with only a reducer were compared and analyzed through chassis dynamometer and city driving, and the following conclusions were obtained. When the transmission was applied, the fuel efficiency of the CVS 40 was improved by 9.7 %, and the fuel efficiency of constant speed driving was improved by 3.9 to 14.6 %, but the improvement in fuel economy was greater in low-speed driving. Acceleration performance improved by 54 to 87 % in 4th gear or lower, but there was no improvement in the overdrive area of 5 th gear or higher. In addition, climbing performance has been greatly improved, and at the same time, it has stable characteristics. In addition, city driving fuel efficiency is improved by about 31 %, which is mainly due to improved efficiency in the low-speed region and reduced driving resistance. Finally, the electromagnetic force generated by the motor is also included in the driving resistance and affects the coasting performance.