Effects of Disinfectants on Larval Development of Ascaris suum Eggs

Ki-Seok Oh,Geon-Tae Kim,Kyu-Sung Ahn,Sung-Shik Shin 대한기생충학열대의학회 2016 The Korean Journal of Parasitology Vol.54 No.1

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of several different commercial disinfectants on the embryogenic development of Ascaris suum eggs. A 1-ml aliquot of each disinfectant was mixed with approximately 40,000 decorticated or intact A. suum eggs in sterile tubes. After each treatment time (at 0.5, 1, 5, 10, 30, and 60 min), disinfectants were washed away, and egg suspensions were incubated at 25˚C in distilled water for development of larvae inside. At 3 weeks of incubation after exposure, ethanol, methanol, and chlorohexidin treatments did not affect the larval development of A. suum eggs, regardless of their concentration and treatment time. Among disinfectants tested in this study, 3% cresol, 0.2% sodium hypochlorite and 0.02% sodium hypochlorite delayed but not inactivated the embryonation of decorticated eggs at 3 weeks of incubation, because at 6 weeks of incubation, undeveloped eggs completed embryonation regardless of exposure time, except for 10% povidone iodine. When the albumin layer of A. suum eggs remained intact, however, even the 10% povidone iodine solution took at least 5 min to reasonably inactivate most eggs, but never completely kill them with even 60 min of exposure. This study demonstrated that the treatment of A. suum eggs with many commercially available disinfectants does not affect the embryonation. Although some disinfectants may delay or stop the embryonation of A. suum eggs, they can hardly kill them completely.

실험실에서 사육된 고랑가리비 Chlamys swiftii 수정란 발생과 유생 성장

이주,김이청,김기승,남명모 한국패류학회 2013 The Korean Journal of Malacology Vol.29 No.4

고랑가리비의 산란을 유도하고 수정난의 발생과 유생의 성장과정을 조사하였다. 산란자극 방법으로 광 자극, 간출 자극,온도 자극, 그리고 간출 후 온도자극을 수온 16 ± 0.5℃에서각각 실시하였다. 광 자극은 암컷 1마리당 700-900천개, 온도자극은 700-800천개로 적은 산란량을 보인 반면 간출 자극은700-1,200천개로 높았으며 간출 자극 후 온도자극이1,000-1,500천개로 가장 높은 산란량을 보였다. 수정율에 있어 광 자극은 암컷 1마리당 71.7%, 온도자극은 73.4%, 간출자극이 73.6%이었으며 간출 자극 후 온도자극은 76.3%로 가장 높았으나 자극방법에 따른 수정율의 유의적인 차이는 없었다. 수정란부터 D상 유생으로의 수온별 발생과정을 조사하기위하여 비이커에 ml당 1,000개의 수정란을 수용하고 각각8℃, 12℃, 16℃, 20℃ 및 24℃에서 D상 유생으로 발생하는생존율을 광학현미경을 사용하여 30분 간격으로 관찰한 결과,8℃와 24℃의 실험군이 4.1%와 3.2%로 생존율이 낮은 편이었으며 16℃에서 32.7%로 가장 높은 생존율을 보여주었다. 수정란의 크기는 72 ± 2.1 μm, 담륜자 유생은 103 ± 3.8 μm,D상 유생은 129 ± 10.4 μm, 각정기 유생은 145 ± 16.8 μm, 후기 유생은 197 ± 13.6 μm이었으며 528시간 후에 각장245 ± 15.8 μm의 초기 부착종묘로 성장하였다. The development of swift's scallop Chlamys swiftii, reared in the laboratory, has been examined through the investigation of morphological characteristics in fertilized egg, larvae and juvenile. Eggs were fertilized with a dilute sperm solution to improve the survival of fertilized eggs. Developing larvae were maintained at a temperature of 16 ± 0.5℃ and salinity concentration of 33 ppt. We have investigated the fertilization rates and egg number spawned at several stimulating conditions such as sunlight exposure, air dry, seawater temperature rise (5℃) and seawater temperature rise (5℃) after exposure of air dry for spawning induction of swift's scallop Chamys swiftii. Stimulation treated with sunlight exposure and seawater temperature rise (5℃) have shown the spawning number of 700,000-900,000 and 700,000-800,000 per individual, respectively while stimulation treated with seawater temperature rise (5℃) after exposure of air dry have shown the high spawning number of 1,000,000-1,500,000 per individual. Survival rate of D-shaped larvae of swift's scallop put into the different seawater temperatures of 8℃, 12℃, 16℃, 20℃ and 24℃ has been 4.1%, 11.6%, 32.7%, 18.6% and 3.2%, respectively. Fertilized eggs with the diameter of 72 μm developed into trochophore larvae of 103 ± 3.8 μm shortly after 35 hours and to D larvae of 129 ± 10.4 μm shell length within 72 hours. It took 336 hours to become initial Umbo-stage larva of 145 ± 16.8 μm shell length. Post larvae, which have been 197 ± 13.6 μm shell length, spontaneously have settled in the attachment substances. It have required 528 hours from fertilized eggs to early attached juvenile to become initial juvenile size of 245 ± 15.8 μm shell length.

An observation on the embryonic development in Thrips palmi (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) eggs obtained by an artificial oviposition setup

Jangra Sumit,Dhall Heena,Aggarwal Shilpi,Mandal Bikash,Jain Rakesh Kumar,Ghosh Amalendu 한국응용곤충학회 2020 Journal of Asia-Pacific Entomology Vol.23 No.2

Thrips palmi is an important insect pest of vegetables and ornamental crops worldwide. Besides direct damage caused by feeding, it transmits several tospoviruses in a persistent-propagative manner. Eggs of T. palmi are microscopic and embedded within plant tissue by the sharp ovipositor of adult female. In the present study, an artificial oviposition setup has been standardized for T. palmi. Eggs of T. palmi were harvested in sterile water between two thin membranes. The developmental stages of T. palmi embryo were studied starting from oviposition up to hatching by inverted and confocal reflection microscopy. Energids were homogeneously distributed at an early stage of development. The anterior end of the egg curved with a constriction post 38 h. Initiation of tissue organization, mouthparts, appendages, compound eyes were observed at different time points. Appendages were well developed and segmentation was prominent post 70 h. The embryo was completely developed at around 80 h and hatched by 86 h post oviposition at 28 °C temperature. The study first time reports the embryonic development of T. palmi that would be helpful in detailed investigations of thrips developmental biology and evolution.

스텔렛 철갑상어 (Acipenser ruthenus)의 난 발생과 자치어 형태발달

박재민 ( Jae Min Park ),윤성민 ( Seung Min Yoon ),서영석 ( Young Seok Seo ),한경호 ( Kyeong Ho Han ),유동재 ( Dong Jae Yoo ) 한국어류학회 2016 韓國魚類學會誌 Vol.28 No.3

스텔렛 철갑상어 Acipenser ruthenus의 양식기술 개발 및 분류학적 기초자료를 확보하기 위하여 난 발생 및 자치어 형태 발달을 조사하였다. 친어는 2005년 6월에 PVC 원형수조 (Ø 5m) 수온 16.0±1.0℃에서 성숙시킨 암수 1쌍을 사용하였다. 난은 타원형의 불투명한 침성 점착란으로 크기는 3.83~3.85 (3.84±0.01) mm (n=10)였다. 난 발생은 건식법으로 인공수정 시켰고, 수정 1시간 후에 배반이 형성, 수정 31시간 후에 낭배말기에 도달하였으며, 수정 82시간 (50%) 후에 부화하였다. 부화 직후 자어는 전장 10.1~10.3 (10.2±0.11) mm (n=10) 로 복부에 큰 난황을 달고 있었다. 부화 17일 후에는 전장 26.2~32.4 (29.3±4.39) mm (n=10)로 등지느러미 앞쪽이 11개의 굳비늘이 흔적 적으로 발달하기 시작하였다. 부화 50일 후에는 전장 86.4~93.1 (89.8±4.71) mm (n=10)로 지느러미 기조가 모두 정수에 도달하여 치어기로 이행하였다. To develop cultivation technique for Acipenser ruthenus and secure basic taxonomic materials, this study examined egg development and larva morphological development. This study used a couple of male and female broodstork matured in a PVC circle water tank (Ø 5 m) with the water temperature of 16.0±1.0 ℃ in June 2005. They were oval opaque and sinking cohesive eggs and the sizes of them were between 3.83~3.85 (3.84±0.01) mm (n=10). As for the egg development, the dry process was adopted with artificial insemination in this study, and an hour after the insemination, the embryo disks were developed, 31 hours after the insemination, they reached the end of gastrula stage, and 82 hours (50%) after the insemination, they were hatched. Right after the hatch, the total lengths of larvae were 10.1~10.3 (10.2±0.11) mm (n=10) with big yolks in the venter. 17 days after the hatch, the total lengths of them were 26.2~32.4 (29.3±4.39) mm (n=10) and in the front of a dorsal fin there were 11 scute scales that started to make tracing development. As 50 days after the hatch, the total lengths were 86.4~93.1 (89.8±4.71) mm (n=10), and fin rays all reached integer, they were moved to the larva apparatus.

연두금파리의 난세포성숙에 따른 단백질의 변화와 난특이성단백질의 특성

Lee Jong-Jin,Man-Young Choi,Hee-Kwon Lee 한국응용곤충학회 1995 한국응용곤충학회지 Vol.34 No.2

연두금파리의 난세포성숙에 따른 단백질의 변화와 난특이성단백질의 특성을 확인하기 위하여 gel filtration, 전기영동 및 분자량측정, 아미노산과 지방산함량을 측정하여 얻은 결과는 다음과같다. 연두금파리 암컷성충의 난소단백질은 단백질원을 섭식시킨 후 72시간 이후 빠르게 증가하였고, 완전한 성숙이 일어나는 96시간에 최고의 함량을 나타냈다. DEAE-cellulose와 Sephacryl 5-200으로 gel filtration하고 7.5% native polyacrylamide gel에서 전기영동한 결과 난소에서 분리된 특이단백질은 0.4에서 혈림프 및 난소와 다른 밴드가 확인되었으며, 분자량은 110,000 dalton이였다. 분리된 난특이성단백질내 아미노산 조성은 asparagine 외 모두 13종이 검출되었으며, asparagine, glutamic acid와 함께 tyrosine이 특이하게 높게 나타났다. 지방산은 난소와 함께 난특이성단백질에서 palmitic acid의 4종이 분리되었다. 따라서, 연두금파리의 난에는 지방체에서 합성, 분비된 난황단백질이외에 난소에만 존재하는 특이단백질이 있음을 알 수 있다. Changes in protein content during oocyte development was measured and egg-specific protein was characterized from the eggs in Lucilia illustris. During normal development ovarian protein was rapidly increased at 72hr and reached maximum at 96hr after a protein meal, when the eggs were fully matured. Purified protein from the ovaries by gel filtration of DEAE-cellulose an Sephacryl S-200 was loaded on 7.5% native polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and identified at 0.4 as egg-specific protein, which has a mol. wt of 110,000. A total of 13 amino acids in th egg-specific protein was identified and expecially asparagine, glutamic acid, and tyrosine were highly concentrated. Five fatty acids were also identified. It is suggested that there is a specific protein in the eggs of L. illustris except yolk protein synthesized and secreted by fat body.

대맛조개 (Solen grandis) 의 수정란 발생과 유생 성장

최보현,이동근,박충국,황남용,안신홍,강요한,고경동,이지수,이경식,박준택,이경우 한국패류학회 2022 The Korean Journal of Malacology Vol.38 No.4

Solen grandis is an industrially important edible bivalve that is traded at high prices as it is unfarmed and the production has decreased due to environmental pollution and overfishing. Major studies on Solen grandis have reported only basic research on reproductive development, change, etc., and no studies on spawning, egg development, and larval management have been reported for seed production and aquaculture technology development. Therefore, in this study, spawning was carried out using mature plaques secured through habitat survey for Solen grandis seed acid, and artificial seed production was succeeded, and the egg development process from fertilized egg to D phase larva and larval development process of 1 mm or more were observed through a microscope. Additionally, this study aims to develop technology for promoting seed production as basic research for fostering high value-added bivalve industrial varieties and resource recovery. Based on the existing research data, we conducted research on the development of fertilized eggs and larval development using the mature plaques of Solen grandis.

고유종 큰줄납자루, Acheilognathus majusculus의 난 발생과 초기생활사

김치홍 ( Chi Hong Kim ),최웅선 ( Wung Sun Choi ),김대희 ( Dae Hee Kim ),백재민 ( Jae Min Beak ) 한국어류학회 2014 韓國魚類學會誌 Vol.26 No.1

한국 고유종인 큰줄납자루 Acheilognathus majusculus의종 보존을 위한 기초 자료를 확보하기 위해 난 발생과 자어의 성장을 관찰하고 초기생활사 특성을 논의하였다. 수정란은 둥근 타원형으로 평균 장경이 2.12mm(2.08~2.18 mm), 단경이 1.86mm(1.80~1.98 mm)이며 담황색 난황을 가진 분리침성란이다. 개체 당 산란 수는 40~112개(평균 72개)였고 수정란은 수온 18±1.0℃에서 수정 후 43시간 만에 부화하였다. 부화 직후 자어의 크기는 4.23mm이고 형태적으로 납자루속의 자어 특성을 공유하고 있으며 자어 시기의 S자 운동은 없었다. 부화 후 25일 경에 소화기관이 완성되고 외부 먹이를 먹을 수 있어 자연에서 조개로부터 부출하는 시기로 추정된다. 만 1년 후에는 재생산이 가능한 크기로 성장한다. The egg development and early life history of Acheilognathus majusculus which is Korean endemic species from Yeong river were observed under the controlled water temperature, 18.0±1.0℃. Fertilized eggs are opaque yellow in color and round oval shaped measuring 2.12 (2.08~~2.18) mm in length and 1.86 (1.80~~1.98) mm in breadth. The number of eggs averaged 72 (40~~112) per an oviposition. The eggs of this species began to hatch about forty three hours after insemination and the total length of larvae was 4.23 mm mean. S form moving of larvae were not observed during larval development. The larvae reached at the heterotrophic stage about twenty-five days after hatching. It is estimated that the larvae was comming out from freshwater bivalve since that time in nature. A. majusculus was grew up to be adult stage enough which can be join to new production for three hundred days after hatching with over 67.8 mm in total length.

넙치 Paralichthys olivaceus 수정란의 수온별 발생 속도

김영수,도용현,김수연,장영진 한국발생생물학회 2010 발생과 생식 Vol.14 No.2

This study was performed to examine the influence of water temperature on egg developmental speed for determining the required time and optimum water temperature for hatching of olive flounder Paralichthys olivaceus eggs. The fertilized eggs were collected from the naturally spawned adults in November 2007. The eggs were randomly divided into 6 groups of temperature (5, 10, 15, 20, 25 and 30℃) and transferred in 1ℓ beaker, respectively. The fertilized eggs of the olive flounder did not hatched at 5℃ and 30℃ and hatching rates at 10, 15, 20 and 25℃ were 3, 12, 25 and 50%, respectively. The relationships between the water temperature (T, ℃) and required time (1/t, hour) from egg to each developmental stage were given as follows ; Blastula: 1/t=0.0208T?0.0951 (r2=0.8593)Kupffer's vesicle: 1/t=0.0052T?0.0176 (r2=0.9819)Myotome: 1/t=0.0034T?0.0172 (r2=0.8508)Hatching: 1/t=0.0016T?0.0068 (r2=0.9915) Biological minimum temperature in egg development was calculated to be 4.3℃.

서해안 대호만에 서식하는 빙어 Hypomesus nipponensis의 난발생 및 자치어 형태발달

박재민 ( Jae-min Park ),유동재 ( Dong-jae Yoo ),유정남 ( Jeong-nam Yu ),임성율 ( Seong-ryul Lim ),김달영 ( Dal-young Kim ),한경호 ( Kyeong-ho Han ) 한국어류학회 2024 韓國魚類學會誌 Vol.36 No.2

본 연구에서는 서해안 대호만에 서식하는 빙어를 대상으로 초기생활사 특징을 규명하고자 실시하였다. 빙어의 난은 원형으로 물에 가라앉는 성질을 가진 점착란이었다. 성숙란의 크기는 0.52~0.66 (평균 0.59±0.03, n=30) mm였다. 부화 시간은 수온 22~23℃에서 140시간이 소요되었다. 부화 직후 자어는 전장 4.78~5.60 (평균 5.25±0.26, n=30) mm로 입과 항문이 완전히 열리지 않았다. 부화 후 7일째 전기자어는 전장 5.91~6.64 (6.32±0.21) mm로 입과 항문이 열렸고, 먹이활동을 시작하였다. 부화 후 25일째 중기자어는 전장 9.70~12.3(10.2±0.63) mm로 꼬리 끝 척추말단 부분이 위쪽으로 휘어지기 시작하였다. 부화 후 42일째 후기자어는 전장 14.1~18.8(16.9±1.44)mm로 꼬리 끝 척추말단 부분이 45°로 완전히 휘어졌다. 부화 후 56일째 전장 16.3~21.2 (20.0±1.14)mm로 등지느러미 10개, 뒷지느러미 16개, 배지느러미 7개, 꼬리지느러미 19개로 정수에 달하였다. 연구결과 부화 자어 시기 가슴지느러미 아래 반점모양의 흑색소포가 있는 점, 전장 대비 난황의 위치가 다른 점, 후기자어 시기에는 미병부 등 쪽과 몸통 아래쪽에 흑색소포가 침착된 점, 머리와 등지느러미 시작점사이 몸통에 흑색소포가 없는 점에서 구분되었다. 치어기에는 몸통 등 쪽에서 미병부까지 흑색소포가 1열로 침착된 점에서 근연종들과 구분할 수 있었다. In this study, the characteristics of the early life history were investigated for the Hypomesus nipponensis in the west coast Daeho Bay. Egg’s were adhesive eggs that had the property of sinking in water in a circular shape. The size of mature eggs was 0.52~0.66 (average of 0.59±0.03, n=30) mm. The hatching time took 140 hours at a water temperature of 22~23℃. Immediately after hatching, the yolk sac larvae was 4.78~5.60 (average of 5.25±0.26, n=30) mm in total length, and the mouth and anus were not completely opened. On the 7 days after hatching, the preflexion larvae was 5.91~6.64 (6.32±0.21) mm in total length, and the mouth and anus were opened, and feeding activities were started. On the 25 days after hatching, the flexion larvae was 9.70~12.3 (10.2±0.63) mm in total length, and the end of the spine at the tail end began to bend upward. On the 42 days after hatching, the postflexion larvae was 14.1~18.8 (16.9±1.44) mm in total length, and the end of the spine at the tail was completely bent at 45°. On the 56 days after hatching, it reached the integer with 10 dorsal fins, 16 anal fins, 7 ventral fins, and 19 caudal fins. According to the study, there were spot-shaped melanophore vesicles under the pectoral fins during the incubation period, the different positions of the egg yolk compared to the battlefield, the deposition of melanophore vesicles on the back and under the body of the caudal part during the postflexion larvae period, and the absence of melanophore vesicles on the torso between the head and the starting point of the dorsal fin. It was distinguished from related species in that melanophore vesicles were deposited in one row from the back of the body to the caudal part during the juvenile period.

서해안 대호만에 서식하는 빙어 Hypomesus nipponensis의 난발생 및 자치어 형태발달

박재민,유동재,유정남,임성율,김달영,한경호,Jae-Min Park,Dong-Jae Yoo,Jeong-Nam Yu,Seong-Ryul Lim,Dal-Young Kim,Kyeong-Ho Han 한국어류학회 2024 韓國魚類學會誌 Vol.36 No.5

본 연구에서는 서해안 대호만에 서식하는 빙어를 대상으로 초기생활사 특징을 규명하고자 실시하였다. 빙어의 난은 원형으로 물에 가라앉는 성질을 가진 점착란이었다. 성숙란의 크기는 0.52~0.66 (평균 0.59±0.03, n=30) mm였다. 부화 시간은 수온 22~23℃에서 140시간이 소요되었다. 부화 직후 자어는 전장 4.78~5.60 (평균 5.25±0.26, n=30) mm로 입과 항문이 완전히 열리지 않았다. 부화 후 7일째 전기자어는 전장 5.91~6.64 (6.32±0.21) mm로 입과 항문이 열렸고, 먹이활동을 시작하였다. 부화 후 25일째 중기자어는 전장 9.70~12.3(10.2±0.63) mm로 꼬리 끝 척추말단 부분이 위쪽으로 휘어지기 시작하였다. 부화 후 42일째 후기자어는 전장 14.1~18.8(16.9±1.44) mm로 꼬리 끝 척추말단 부분이 45°로 완전히 휘어졌다. 부화 후 56일째 전장 16.3~21.2(20.0±1.14) mm로 등 지느러미 10개, 뒷지느러미 16개, 배지느러미 7개, 꼬리지느러미 19개로 정수에 달하였다. 연구결과 부화 자어 시기 가슴지느러미 아래 반점모양의 흑색소포가 있는 점, 전장 대비 난황의 위치가 다른 점, 후기자어 시기에는 미병부 등 쪽과 몸통 아래쪽에 흑색소포가 침착된 점, 머리와 등지느러미 시작점 사이 몸통에 흑색소포가 없는 점에서 구분되었다. 치어기에는 몸통 등 쪽에서 미병부까지 흑색소포가 1열로 침착된 점에서 근연종들과 구분할 수 있었다. In this study, the characteristics of the early life history were investigated for the Hypomesus nipponensis in the west coast Daeho Bay. Egg's were adhesive eggs that had the property of sinking in water in a circular shape. The size of mature eggs was 0.52~0.66 (average of 0.59±0.03, n=30) mm. The hatching time took 140 hours at a water temperature of 22~23℃. Immediately after hatching, the yolk sac larvae was 4.78~5.60 (average of 5.25±0.26, n=30) mm in total length, and the mouth and anus were not completely opened. On the 7 days after hatching, the preflexion larvae was 5.91~6.64 (6.32±0.21) mm in total length, and the mouth and anus were opened, and feeding activities were started. On the 25 days after hatching, the flexion larvae was 9.70~12.3 (10.2±0.63) mm in total length, and the end of the spine at the tail end began to bend upward. On the 42 days after hatching, the postflexion larvae was 14.1~18.8 (16.9±1.44) mm in total length, and the end of the spine at the tail was completely bent at 45°. On the 56 days after hatching, it reached the integer with 10 dorsal fins, 16 anal fins, 7 ventral fins, and 19 caudal fins. According to the study, there were spot-shaped melanophore vesicles under the pectoral fins during the incubation period, the different positions of the egg yolk compared to the battlefield, the deposition of melanophore vesicles on the back and under the body of the caudal part during the postflexion larvae period, and the absence of melanophore vesicles on the torso between the head and the starting point of the dorsal fin. It was distinguished from related species in that melanophore vesicles were deposited in one row from the back of the body to the caudal part during the juvenile period.