조리전공 고등학교ㆍ대학(교)의 교육환경인 교수요인, 교육시설, 학생만족에 관한 연구

김희나,박계영,박안순 한국관광진흥학회 2017 관광진흥연구 Vol.5 No.1

The purpose of this study was to examine influential factors for the educational environments of teaching factor and educational facilities and for student satisfaction among students in high schools and colleges including junior colleges, which were all selected from Chungcheong Province. As a result of analyzing the collected data, it could be predicted that educational environments would improve when teaching factor, educational facilities and student satisfaction become better in the educational institutions of the high schools. Out of these, student satisfaction was most influential, followed by teaching factor and educational facilities. In the educational institutions of the colleges, it also could be predicted that educational environments would improve when teaching factor, educational facilities and student satisfaction become better. Specifically, student satisfaction was most influential, followed by educational facilities and teaching factor.

Nutrition education programs necessary for social welfare facilities for persons with disabilities: a cross-sectional study

김진경,전민선 대한지역사회영양학회 2024 대한지역사회영양학회지 Vol.29 No.1

'Objectives This study investigated the need for nutrition education aimed at improving the health of residents and users of social welfare facilities for persons with disability and aimed to provide basic information for developing a nutrition education program that meets the needs of the field. Methods Altogether, 249 employees working in social welfare facilities for people with disabilities were included in the study. Data on the health status of residents/users, meal management, nutritional education, nutritional education needs, and awareness of nutritional education were obtained through online surveys. A descriptive analysis was conducted to analyze the demographic characteristics, needs, and perceptions of the respondents, and independent t-tests and χ2 tests were performed to analyze and compare the differences between residential and daycare facilities. Results The majority of residents/users of social welfare facilities for persons with disabilities have developmental disabilities. When educating residents with residents/users of social welfare facilities, ‘personal hygiene’ was the most necessary topic, followed by ‘obesity management’ education. Regarding the methods of providing education, face-to-face lectures demonstrated a high demand. They responded that when nutrition education experts provide nutrition education to people with disabilities, they must understand ‘the physical characteristics of persons with disabilities’ and have the ability to determine appropriate nutrition for such people. The most appropriate nutrition program training would be twice a year, lasting 30 min to 1 h per training session. Conclusions It will present a direction for operating a nutrition education program for persons with disabilities that meets their needs of social welfare facilities and ultimately contribute to the establishment and activation of nutrition education tailored to welfare facilities for such individuals in Korea. 'Objectives This study investigated the need for nutrition education aimed at improving the health of residents and users of social welfare facilities for persons with disability and aimed to provide basic information for developing a nutrition education program that meets the needs of the field. Methods Altogether, 249 employees working in social welfare facilities for people with disabilities were included in the study. Data on the health status of residents/users, meal management, nutritional education, nutritional education needs, and awareness of nutritional education were obtained through online surveys. A descriptive analysis was conducted to analyze the demographic characteristics, needs, and perceptions of the respondents, and independent t-tests and χ2 tests were performed to analyze and compare the differences between residential and daycare facilities. Results The majority of residents/users of social welfare facilities for persons with disabilities have developmental disabilities. When educating residents with residents/users of social welfare facilities, ‘personal hygiene’ was the most necessary topic, followed by ‘obesity management’ education. Regarding the methods of providing education, face-to-face lectures demonstrated a high demand. They responded that when nutrition education experts provide nutrition education to people with disabilities, they must understand ‘the physical characteristics of persons with disabilities’ and have the ability to determine appropriate nutrition for such people. The most appropriate nutrition program training would be twice a year, lasting 30 min to 1 h per training session. Conclusions It will present a direction for operating a nutrition education program for persons with disabilities that meets their needs of social welfare facilities and ultimately contribute to the establishment and activation of nutrition education tailored to welfare facilities for such individuals in Korea.

체육시설 안전교육 법정화 방안에 관한 연구

정현,황예진 한국스포츠엔터테인먼트법학회 2020 스포츠와 법 Vol.23 No.2

As public interest in living standards and health increases, sports are diversifying and revitalizing, and the utilization rate of sports facilities and the number of public sports facilities and private sports facilities are increasing every year. Along with the expansion of the infrastructure of these facilities, accidents related to these facilities have been increasing due to immature use of facilities and equipment, safety insensitivity, and so on. Safety education of sports facilities is necessary as a preemptive measure to ensure the safety of the people through the safe operation of sports facilities. Accidents that may occur in the operation and use of facilities are prevented by requiring the administrators of child facilities, those who intend to obtain or renew adjustment licenses, managers of amusement facilities, and operators of performance halls to provide safety education concerning the installation, maintenance, repair, operation, etc. of the facilities in the relevant laws and regulations. However, safety education cannot be guaranteed because safety education on sports facilities is not legalized, and there is no safety education system. As a measure to solve these problems, the legislation on the safety education of persons in charge of sports facilities and other personnel in charge of safety management of sports facilities is made legal on the Sport Facilities Act, a safety education system is constructed by stipulating the persons subject to safety education, the contents of education and the method of implementation, and matters concerning the designation of educational institutions are set in order to strengthen their expertise in sports facilities safety education. 국민의 생활수준과 건강에 관한 관심이 증대되면서 체육활동의 다양화 및 활성화가 이루어지고 있으며, 이에 따라 체육시설의 이용률과 공공체육시설 및 민간체육시설의 수도 매년 증가하고 있다. 이와 같은 체육시설의 인프라 확충과 함께 운영 및 이용의 미숙, 시설 및 장비의 불량, 안전불감증 등의 원인으로 체육시설 관련 안전사고 또한 지속적으로 증가하고 있다. 체육시설의 안전한 운영으로 국민의 안전을 도모하기 위한 선제적 방안으로 체육시설 안전교육이 필요하다. 어린이놀이시설 관리자, 조정면허 취득 또는 갱신하려는 자, 유원시설 관리자, 공연장운영자 등에게는 시설의 설치, 유지, 보수, 운영 등에 대한 안전교육을 관련 법령에서 의무화함으로써 시설의 운영 및 이용에서 발생할 수 있는 안전사고를 미연에 방지하고 있다. 하지만 체육시설에 관한 안전교육이 법정화되어 있지 않아 관련 안전교육 실행에 차질이 발생하고, 체계적인 안전교육 시스템이 부재하여 안전교육의 효과를 장담할 수 없는 상황이다. 이러한 문제를 해결하기 위한 방안으로 체육시설법에서 체육시설 안전관리담당자 등의 안전교육을 법정화하고 안전교육 대상자, 교육내용, 실행방안 등에 대해 규정하여 안전교육의 체계를 구축하고, 체육시설 안전교육에 대한 전문성을 강화하기 위해 교육 전문기관의 지정에 관한 사항을 정할 것을 제시하였다.

스포츠 교육용역의 면세를 위한 법적 요건 - 부가가치세법 적용을 중심으로 -

주종미 한국스포츠엔터테인먼트법학회 2021 스포츠와 법 Vol.24 No.2

The issue of educational services at sport sites focuses more on "tax equity" between sports and other fields than on public interest. In particular, if different taxes are applied between sport activities of similar characteristics, a sense of incompatibility between operators can be created due to tax inequality. Therefore, VAT exemption for sport educational services is necessary because it can be expected to ease tax equity problems, reinvest in facilities with tax-free surplus funds, provide stable income structure for sport education providers, and provide other jobs and income creation for sports education providers. In order to identify the requirements for VAT exemption on sport educational services, the relevant laws and legal disputes were analyzed and concluded as follows. First of all, sport educational services mean ‘teaching which is education-oriented knowledge or skills related to sport to students, attendee, trainees, and apprentice where sport facilities are installed and used for the purpose of providing sport educational services.’ In order for sport educational services to be VAT exemption, first, the facilities must provide with an education-oriented service, second, be installed in accordance with the statute and be registered or reported to the competent authority, third, secure data to prove sport educational service, fourth, overcome limitations of current sport educational service, and collect data through similar events and prepare alternatives. In particular, three of the tax exemption requirements: educational services, installation of facilities for educational purposes, and registration or reporting to the competent authority are all necessary and sufficient conditions. 스포츠현장에서 교육용역의 문제는 공익성보다는 종목 간 혹은 타 분야와의 ‘조세 형평성’에 더 집중하고 있다. 특히 유사성격의 스포츠활동 간에 서로 다른 조세가 적용된다면 조세 불평등으로 인해 사업자 간 위화감을 조성할 수 있다. 따라서 스포츠 교육용역의 부가가치세 면제는 조세 형평성 문제 완화, 스포츠 교육용역업자의 면세된 잉여자금으로 시설에 재투자 활용 가능성, 스포츠 교육용역업자에게 안정된 수입구조 제공, 스포츠 교육용역업자에게 또 다른 일자리와 수입창출 제공 등을 기대할 수 있기 때문에 반드시 필요하다. 스포츠 교육용역의 부가가치세 면제 요건을 규명하기 위하여 관련 법령과 분쟁들을 분석한 후 다음과 같이 결론을 내렸다. 우선 스포츠 교육용역이란 ‘스포츠 교육용역을 제공할목적으로 스포츠시설이 설치·이용되는 곳에서 학생, 수강생, 훈련생, 교습생에게 스포츠와 관련된 교육중심의 지식 또는 기술을 가르치는 것’을 의미한다. 그리고 스포츠 교육용역이 부가가치세 면제가 되기 위해서는 첫째 시설이 반드시 교육 중심이어야 하며, 둘째 법령에 따른 스포츠시설을 설치하고 주무관청에 등록 또는 신고를 해야 하며, 셋째 스포츠 교육용역임을 증명할 자료를 확보하여야 하며, 넷째 현행 체육교습업이 지닌 한계를 극복하여야 하며, 마지막으로 유사 사건들을 통해 자료를 수집하고 대안을 마련해야 한다. 특히 면세의 요건 중 3가지 즉 교육용역, 교육목적의 시설설치, 주무관청에 등록 또는 신고는 모두 반드시 충족해야 할 필요충분조건이다.

Indicator of Facility Performance Evaluation (FPE) for Educational Facilities of BTL Projects

Kwan-Jong Lee,Chun-Kyong Lee,Tae-Keun Park 대한건축학회 2012 Architectural research Vol.14 No.1

Build-Transfer-Lease (BTL) was introduced to the domestic construction market in 2005. Now, seven years later, the BTL model is most active for educational facilities. In 2011, 93 educational facility projects entered the maintenance stage. Considering the characteristics of today’s BTL projects for educational facilities, the main issues are the initial performance and maintenance of educational facilities and the service-providing status for the 20-year operational management period, in relation to providing safety and convenience to students, the facility users. Seeking a solution, local education offices and departments in charge of BTL under the Ministry of Education, Science, and Technology have been exploring various methods of evaluating operational maintenance performance from various perspectives. For educational facility BTL projects, however, the appropriateness of initial operation performance evaluation, rather than considering the 20-year operational management period, is controversial in regards to sustainability. On this account, performance evaluation items in four areas?operational maintenance evaluation, facility performance status evaluation, maintenance subject evaluation, and sustainable change response evaluation?should be extracted. An indicator of facility performance evaluation is presented in this study through an AHP survey targeting experts, as part of establishing an operation performance evaluation system for educational facility BTL projects.

사립대학의 지방세 과세 문제에 관한 연구 - 학생복지시설용 부동산을 중심으로 -

정래용,최헌섭 홍익대학교 법학연구소 2023 홍익법학 Vol.24 No.4

최근 지방자치단체는 재정의 어려움을 타개하기 위해 학생복지시설에 대한 지방세 과세 및 세무조사를 증가시키는 경향을 보이고 있다. 이는 학생후생용역이 비수익사업인 교육용역에 포함되는지 여부가 명확하지 않기 때문이다. 그리고 정부는 2011년 말 사립대학을 포함한 비영리사업의 고유목적 시설에 대한 지방세 면제 일몰 조항을 신설하여 지금까지 유지하고 있다. 이는 비영리사업 각각의 고유한 특성을 고려하지 않은 기계적 형평을 의도했기 때문이다. 본 연구는 먼저 학생후생용역을 비수익사업으로 법인세법에 명확히 규정할 것을 제안하였다. 그 논리는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 학생후생용역의 운영 취지는 학생 복지이지 대학의 재정 확충이 아니다. 둘째, 학생후생용역의 위탁운영은 통제성, 전문성, 효율성 측면에서 임대가 아니다. 셋째, 학생복지시설에 대한 지방세 과세는 학생들의 서비스 요금 인상을 초래하여 학생들의 교육비를 절감시켜 주려는 정부 방침에 위배된다. 넷째, 학생후생용역은 교육용역을 위하여 필수적으로 제공되어야 하는 용역이므로 교육사업의 일부다다섯째, 고등교육법은 학생복지시설을 교육용 시설로 규정하고 있어 이를 수익용 시설로 보려는 지방자치단체의 과세 방침과 어긋난다. 이어 교육용역에 대한 지방세 면제 일몰 조항 폐지 논리는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 종교의 자유에 근거한 종교 분야의 예외는 학문의 자유를 규정하고 있는 교육 분야와 형평에 어긋난다. 둘째, 헌법상 교육재정 법률주의를 규정하고 있는 교육 분야도 예외를 인정해야 한다. 셋째, 정부의 지방세 과세 강화 방침은 교육 분야의 약화를 초래할 것이다. 넷째, 종교 단체의 거센 반발을 의식한 것으로 보이는 종교 분야의 예외 규정은 설득력이 없다. Recently, local governments are showing a tendency to increase local taxation and tax audits on student welfare facilities to overcome financial difficulties. This is because it is not clear whether student welfare services are included in educational services, which are non-profit businesses. And at the end of 2011, the government established a new local tax exemption sunset clause for non-profit facilities, including private universities, and has maintained it to this day. This is because mechanical equity was intended without considering the unique characteristics of each non-profit business. This study first proposed that student welfare services be clearly defined in the corporate tax law as a non-profit business. The logic is as follows. First, the purpose of the student welfare service is student welfare, not the university's financial expansion. Second, consignment operation of student welfare services is not leasing in terms of controllability, expertise, and efficiency. Third, local taxation of student welfare facilities causes an increase in service fees for students, which runs counter to the government's policy of reducing students' education costs. Fourth, student welfare services are services that must be provided essential for educational services, so they are part of the educational project. Fifth, the Higher Education Act defines student welfare facilities as educational facilities, which runs counter to the taxation policy of local governments that view them as profit-making facilities. The logic for abolishing the local tax exemption sunset clause for educational services is as follows. First, exceptions in the field of religion based on freedom of religion are inconsistent with the field of education, which stipulates academic freedom. Second, exceptions must be recognized in the field of education, which stipulates legalism in education finance under the Constitution. Third, the government's policy of strengthening local taxation will lead to a weakening of the education sector. Fourth, the exception provision for the religious field, which appears to be conscious of strong opposition from religious groups, is not persuasive.

교육시설계획에 있어서 정보화가 미치는 영향 분석 - ICT의 보급에 의한 교육시스템의 변화에 관한 문헌 고찰을 중심으로 -

류재호(주저자) ( Ryu Jae Ho(주저자) ),류재호(교신저자) ( Ryu Jae Ho(교신저자) ) 디자인융복합학회 2018 디자인융복합연구 Vol.17 No.6

본 논문은 정보기술의 발달과 가상현실, 3D 프린팅, IoT와 같은 미래기술의 발달에 의한 교육시스템의 변화에 따른 미래교육시설의 디자인 원칙에 대한 예측을 목적으로 하고 있다. 미래지향적인 교육시설에 대한 가이드라인을 얻기 위해서 본 논문에서는 현재의 교육분야에서 다루어지고 있는 이슈와, 미래의 교육시설의 모습을 예측하고자 새로운 ICT기술의 발달로 영향을 받고 있는 현재 교육시스템을 조사하였다. 이를 통해 미래의 교육시설은 탈장소, 탈집단화, 탈집중화, 현장중심체험, 자발적 학습환경, 기술지원환경, 다목적공간, 물리적 캠퍼스의 해체, 교사와 학생의 역할변화와 같은 특징들을 가질 것으로 예측하였다. 따라서 미래의 교육시설은 제3의 교사로서의 열린 공간의 특성을 가지는 공간으로 디자인되어야 할 것이다. The purpose of this research is to predict the architectural design principles in educational facilities according to the trend of information and communications technology(ICT) and the educational system which is influenced by the futuristic cutting edge technologies such as virtual reality, 3D printing, Internet of Things(IoT). In order to acquire some design guidelines for the future educational facilities, many current issues and researches have been surveyed, which are related with the education system. Also the change of the pedagogy philosophy and method influenced by the information technologies(IT) are reviewed to capture the future image of class in educational facilities. From the previously described process, we have theses results; First, the future educational facilities will have these characteristics, such as tele-presence, customization, decentralization, experiential learning, self-learning environments, technology supported education, form follow function, no physical campus and education prosumer(producer & consumer) features. Considering the derived those characteristics, we have to prepare to design the open space for the educational facilities which can provide the cooperative environments for the students as the third teacher with the integration of those technologies.

서울 소재 초등학교 장애인 편의시설 설치현황: 설립 구분 및 특수학급 유무를 중심으로

김주선 ( Kim Joo Sun ),홍성두 ( Hong Sung Doo ) 서울교육대학교 초등교육연구원 2021 한국초등교육 Vol.32 No.4

본 연구는 장애학생의 통합을 위한 첫 단계인 물리적 통합 여건이자 특수교육 대상 학생의 학습편의 제공 현황을 검토하기 위해 학교알리미(정보공시제에 따른 학교 정보 제공 사이트)를 통해 서울시 전체 초등학교의 최신 정보인 2020년 ‘장애인 편의시설 현황’에 대해 살펴보았다. 서울 소재 11개 지역교육청의 602개교를 대상으로 학교설립 구분 및 특수학급 설치여부에 따라 장애인 편의시설 설치현황을 범주 및 항목별로 살펴본 결과를 토대로 서울시 초등학교의 장애인 편의시설 설치현황 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 학교설립 유형 구분에 따른 장애인 편의시설 설치현황을 살펴본 결과, 국·공립학교의 적정설치 비율이 80.2%로 사립학교 적정설치 비율 60.7%에 비해 20% 높게 나타났다. 둘째, 특수학급 설치 여부에 따른 장애인 편의시설 설치현황을 살펴본 결과, 특수학급 설치학교의 적정설치 비율이 81.3%로 특수학급 미설치학교의 적정설치 비율 71.9%에 비해 약 10% 높게 나타났다. 셋째, 장애인 편의시설 설치현황을 매개시설, 내부시설, 위생시설, 안내시설 총 4개의 범주로 학교설립 구분 및 특수학급 설치여부에 따라 살펴본 결과, 모든 요인에서 위생시설의 적정설치 비율이 가장 높았으며, 안내시설의 적정설치 비율이 가장 낮은 것으로 나타났다. 본 연구는 서울시 전체 초등학교 장애인 편의시설 설치현황을 설립 구분과 특수학급 설치 여부로 구분하여 살펴봄으로써, 지역교육청별 장애인 편의시설 설치특성을 파악하고 향후 편의시설 설치 체계 마련을 촉구하는 연구로 의미를 지닌다. 본 연구의 결과를 바탕으로 ‘학교 내 장애인 편의시설’ 관련 후속 연구를 위한 제언은 다음과 같다. 첫째, 서울 지역을 제외한 다른 지역을 중심으로 장애인 편의시설 설치현황을 살펴볼 필요가 있다. 둘째, 장애인 편의시설 설치 현황에 대한 종단연구가 요구된다. 마지막으로, 학교 내 장애인 편의시설 이용자 중심의 편의시설 이용 만족도를 살펴볼 필요가 있다. This study tried to find out how many current educational policy studies that speak of school space innovation reflect the needs of integrated education of learners with various special education needs, including students with disabilities. For this purpose, as the basic data, the current status of installation of facilities for the disabled in all elementary schools in Seoul was examined. To this end, this study used data on the current status of facilities for the disabled in 2020 provided by the School Info. The installation status of convenience facilities for the disabled in all elementary schools located in Seoul was compared and analyzed by district offices of education and by category and item of convenience facilities for the disabled depending on whether schools were established or special classes were installed. The results of examining the installation status of convenience facilities for the disabled by 11 district offices of education in 602 schools in Seoul by establishment classification and presence or absence of special classes are as follows. In private schools, facilities for students with special education needs are insufficient, and the level of facility installation varies greatly depending on the characteristics of each district offices of education. In addition, the ratio of installation of information facilities as absolutely necessary for the disabled was the lowest. Education authorities should properly equip the most basic facilities for integrated education of various learners, including students with disabilities, before talking about school space innovation. Education authorities need to think deeply about the value of school space innovation in a situation where the basics of school education facilities for various learners are not provided.

교육시설에 대한 입지결정요인에 관한 연구 - 서울시 고등학교 접근성 결정요인을 중심으로 -

정재훈 대한건축학회지회연합회 2020 대한건축학회연합논문집 Vol.22 No.6

This study empirically analyzed the types of urban public facilities that affect accessibility to high schools. Based on the classification of public facilities in prior studies related to urban public facilities including schools, the types of urban public facilities were classified and analyzed among the facilities shown in the Seoul city data. By looking at the types of urban public facilities located within the radius of the school unit, and in detail, in terms of accessibility to high school and the location of the school according to the urban public facilities, which city public facilities are high We analyzed whether it affects accessibility. In the case of accessibility within the school district, the fewer office workers and research center facilities, the more academy and bus stops, the easier the access within the school district became.In the case of the overall accessibility of Seoul, the more office workers and research institute facilities, the fewer academies and bus stops, the easier access within the school district. . In the case of housing and youth facilities, the accessibility within the school district and the overall accessibility of Seoul was the same, but the more houses and youth facilities were found to improve accessibility. This was a statistically significant result, and through regression analysis, it was possible to confirm the types of urban public facilities that improve accessibility to high schools. The factors that determine accessibility are that the supply of facilities is for the convenience of users. In addition, increased supply of facilities means improved accessibility. Therefore, it is possible to explain the effect on the accessibility of urban public facilities, which affected accessibility, by referring to the theory that explains the quantitative supply level of public facilities. A school is a property that can be operated in a fixed location for more than 100 years and is characterized by immovability. It is also a type of urban public facility that is difficult to move around as demand increases. Therefore, it can be said that accessibility to high school is determined by urban public facilities that cause housing movement depending on the environment around the school.

보육시설의 영아보육에 관한 부모 인식

노근숙 한국변형영유아교육학회 2009 변형영유아교육연구 Vol.3 No.1

본 연구는 영아보육시설의 활성화와 질적인 향상을 위하여 보육시설에 대한 부모들의 인식을 알아 보고, 영아보육시설의 역할 및 기능을 분석하여 영아보육의 바람직한 방향을 논의하고자 하였다. 연구의 수행을 위하여 보육시설의 유형과 부모의 배경변인에 따른 영아보육시설에 관한 인식을 연구문제로 설정하였다. 영아의 보육시설경험이 발달에 미치는 연구에서 질 좋은 보육시설은 가정양육보다 긍정적인 영향을 준다는 연구결과가 있다. 따라서 보육의 질을 구성하는 요인에 따른 부모의 인식을 알아보고 논의하고자 하였다. 연구 결과에서는 보육시설 유형과 부모의 맞벌이 여부에 따라 통계적으로 유의한 차이가 있음이 나타났다. 이는 영아보육시설의 체계적인 정부 지원, 교사의 근무환경 개선, 보육시설운영의 부모 의견 수렴 및 부모지원프로그램이 제공되어져야 할 것으로 판단된다. 논의를 통하여 보육시설에서의 영아보육에 관한 교사, 시설선택기준, 만족도, 부모참여 및 정책의 질적 개선을 위한 시사점을 제시함으로써 영아보육의 발전을 위한 방안을 제시할 수 있을 것이다. In order to improve the effective operation and quality of infant care facilities, this study was conducted to identify infant parents’ perceptions of infant care according to the types of infant care facilities and parents’ backgrounds. This study is expected to suggest what should be improved to ensure better operation of infant care facilities and to improve the quality of infant care. The types of infant care facilities in this study included national/public care facilities, private/home care facilities, and infant-dedicated care facilities, and the parents’ backgrounds included dual-income and non-double-income parents. The subjects were the parents who used infant care facilities in Seoul, and questionnaires were distributed to infant care facilities. Answers were obtained from a total of 416 parents: 111 at national/public care facilities, 168 at private/home care facilities, and 137 at infant-dedicated care facilities. Among them, 290 were double-income parents, while 126 were non-double-income parents. In conclusion, there were significant differences depending on the types of infant care facilities and the parents’ backgrounds. The government’s support should be given specifically to each type of care facility. The treatment of infant care givers should be improved, and their professional skills should be enhanced. With the increase in double-income parents and nuclear families and the decrease in a birthrate, in addition, the needs for infant care services are growing and more infant care facilities will be necessary. Infant care facilities should make an effort to improve their care services to meet the parents’ demands, while the government and the community should provide administrative and financial supports.