중학생의 외식 실태에 대한 연구- 2016년 청소년 식품소비행태조사 -

나예슬,전은례,정난희 한국식생활문화학회 2019 韓國食生活文化學會誌 Vol.34 No.3

This study examined the actual condition of middle school students’ dining out based on the data of the 2016 youth food behavior inquiry data of the Korea Rural Economic Institute. The eating out behavior of 278 middle school students’ according to gender, average eating-out cost per person, monthly average dining-out cost per person, frequency of having breakfast weekly, and dietary information source were calculated into a chi-square value by cross analysis. The main results of this study are as follows. First, in middle school students' eating-out status, most students answered 'eating out', and the highest frequency of eating out was once a week. The reason for eating out was 'to enjoy delicious food', and 'costly price' was the most common reason for not eating out. Food taste was the most common standard for selecting eating out, and a restaurant was the most common place to eat out. The main restaurant was the 'Kimbap specialized store'. Second, there was no significant difference in all items of eating-out status according to gender (p<.001). A significant difference in eating out frequency was observed according to the average eating-out cost per person at one time (p<.001), standard of selecting eating out (p<.001), main places to eat out (p<.001), and main restaurants (p<.001). There was a significant difference in the frequency of eating out (p<.001) in the eating-out status according to the monthly average eating out cost of middle school students per person. Third, the eating-out status according to the weekly frequency of having breakfast of middle school students had a significant difference in the reason for eating out (p<.001). The eating-out status according to the eating information source of middle school students had a significant difference in whether they ate out or not (p<.01) and the frequency of eating out (p<.01). These results highlight the importance of school diet education so that middle school students can achieve healthy eating habits and plan to increase their interest and utilization of school dietary education.

청소년의 외식 경향 실태 조사 : 중·고생 지역별 비교 연구 Junior High and Senior High School Students from Different Regions

조혜영,김선아 한국식생활문화학회 2004 韓國食生活文化學會誌 Vol.19 No.3

This study was conducted to investigate eating-out behavior patterns of youths, especially junior high and senior high school students. 1600 questionnaire surveys were distributed and 1487 were used for analysis. In order to consider regional differences as well as overall characteristics of youths' eating-out behaviors, the subjects were evenly sampled from north Seoul, south Seoul, big cities, middle/small cities and small towns. As for the frequency of eating-out, 62.7% of respondents answered once to twice per week. For the case of more than 5 times of eating-out per week, the respondents from south Seoul showed the highest frequency. For the case of no eating-out, the highest frequency was shown from the small towns. As for the most frequently visited place for eating-out, 33,6% of respondents answered Korean style restaurants, and 17.6% Boon-sik(Sanck-bar). Regarding the preference of Korean style restaurants, the highest rate was shown from the residents of big cities. For the question of when they eat out, 89.6% answered dinner and 6.3% lunch. For the question about reason of choosing particular restaurants, 61.5% of respondents referred to tastes and 16.6% price. For the question of the most important reason of eating out, 52.6% point out "meal solution" and 25.6% "for meeting." As for the people accompanied when eating out, 67.2% of the respondents answered family. For the cost of eating out per person, 45.7% of the respondents spent 2000-4000 won for lunch; 31.1% spent 5000-10,000 won for dinner; 33.7% of the respondents spent more than 20,000 won for the special events. Regarding the regional differences of eating-out cost, respondents from south Seoul tended to spend the biggest amount of money for lunch, dinner and special day.

산업체에 근무하는 근로자의 일반적 특성과 외식행동과의 관련성 분석

권순형 동아시아식생활학회 2003 동아시아식생활학회지 Vol.13 No.6

This study was conducted to investigate the relationship between general characteristics and the eating-out behaviors of 643 male/female industrial workers. The results of the study was summarized as follows. 1. The frequency rate of eating-out was higher for male than female, college graduates than high school graduates, high income earner than low income earner, and unmarried than married(p<0.05). 2. Average cost for eating-out was higher for male than female, for high educated and high income earner than low educated person. Age, married or not, personal health conditions and BMI, however, didn't make any difference in the average cost for eating-out. 3. Reasons for eating-out was very different due to gender, age, degree of education, income rate, married or not, BMI(p<0.05) but basically eating-out was due to get together with friends or colleagues. Also, people who thought they were not in good health answered that they did not eat-out in any conditions. Overweighted people ate out more often than normal or under-weighted people. 4. The method in gathering information about eating-out was different according to the level of education and whether married or not. On the other hand, gender, age, income rate, personal health condition and BMI did not make a big difference in its method. However, most people who participated in the survey gathered information from people around them, such as friends/colleagues. 5. Taste was the most important factor in deciding the actual eating-out restaurant among the respondents and gender, age, level of education, married or not also made significant differences (p<0.05). 6. Besides personal health conditions and BMI, all the general characteristics including age made significant differences in selecting the most frequently visited restaurant . 7. Besides the personal health conditions, the transportation vehicle was different due to gender, age, level of education, income rate, married or not and BMI. As seen from the results, the eating-out behaviors mostly differed due to general characteristics. In order to searching for a new eating-out market, the general characteristics and the trend of the target customers has to be analyzed to activate the eating-out industry. In addition, the need for highly nutritional food with low calorific value has to be emphasized along with the taste.

직업 남성의 잦은 외식과 아침결식이 체질량지수 및 영양소 섭취에 미치는 영향

이정원(Joung Won Lee) 대한지역사회영양학회 2009 대한지역사회영양학회지 Vol.14 No.6

In order to investigate the effects of frequent eating-out and breakfast skipping of working men on body mass index and nutrients intake status, working male adults aged 20 or over were selected (n = 1883) from the data of 2001 Korea national health and nutrition survey. The subjects were divided into 4 groups according to the eating-out frequency(high: once or more daily, low: less than once daily) and breakfast eating or not. Four groups were high eating-out with breakfast eating (n = 609), high eating-out with breakfast skipping (n = 192), low eating-out with breakfast eating (n = 877), and low eating-out with breakfast skipping (n = 205). High eating-out group showed higher body mass index (BMI) than low eating-out group, but the difference of BMI was disappeared when adjusted with age, residence region and family income. However high eating-out group in case of breakfast eating, compared with the low eating-out, showed higher intakes or densities of energy, fat, fat-energy% and higher ratio of energy-fat overintake, and also showed higher mean nutritional adequacy ratio and lower ratio of nutrients intake deficiency. Calcium, iron, vitamin A and C intakes were not affected by eating-out frequency, but were lowered by breakfast skipping. Breakfast skipping also decreased intake frequency of unprocessed cereals and increased those of ramyon and carbonated and alcoholic beverages. From the results frequent eating-out with breakfast eating caused increased intakes of energy and fat, but did not cause BMI increase. Breakfast skipping, but not eating-out, had negative influences on mineral and vitamin intakes. Accordingly good eating-out as well as breakfast eating should be exceedingly emphasized at nutrition education for the working males. (Korean J Community Nutrition 14(6): 789~797, 2009)

전염성 질병 관련 요인이 소비자의 외식소비생활에 미치는 영향에 관한 연구 : 코로나 19를 중심으로

서보원(Bo Won Suh) 융합관광콘텐츠학회 2021 융합관광콘텐츠연구 (JCTC) Vol.7 No.2

목적 본 연구에서는 전염성 질병이 국내 소비자들의 외식소비활동에 어떠한 영향을 미치는지 코로나 19(COVID-19)를 중심으로 조사하고, 나아가 전염병 유행 시 올바른 외식활동에 대한 방안을 제시하고자 한다. 방법 분석에는 SPSS 21.0이 사용되었으며, 전염성 질병 및 외식활동과 관련한 요인을 추출하기 위해 요인 분석이 실시되었고, 요인분석 결과에 따라 추출된 변수들 사이의 유의적인 영향관계를 설명하기 위하여 선형회귀분석이 실시되었다. 결과 분석결과 전염병 확산시의 외식활동 의도에 영향을 미치는 요인으로는 ‘전염병에 대한 인식’, ‘외식활동에 대한 태도’, ‘외식활동에 대한 준거집단 의견’ 그리고 ‘생활방역 준수’의 4가지 요인이 있는 것으로 나타났으며, 이중 ‘생활방역 준수’는 소비자의 외식활동 의도에 긍정적인 영향을, ‘전염병에 대한 인식’, ‘외식활동에 대한 태도’ 요인은 외식활동 의도에 부정적인 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났으며, ‘외식활동에 대한 준거집단 의견’은 외식활동 의도에 유의한 영향을 미치지 않는 것으로 나타났다. 결론 본 연구는 코로나 19(COVID-19)를 중심으로 전염성 질병이 소비자들의 외식소비활동에 어떠한 영향을 미치는지 조사하여 전염성 질병과 소비자들의 외식활동과의 관계를 알아보았고, 이를 통해 전염성 질병과 외식소비생활 관련 연구의 이론적 토대를 마련하였으며, 팬데믹 하에서 관련 산업 종사자들의 마케팅 전략 수립에 도움이 되는 방안을 제시하였다. Purpose This study designed to identify how infectious diseases affected the eating-out behavior of consumers, and to propose right way for proper eating-out behavior during the pandemic. Methods SPSS 21.0 was used to analyze the data, and a factor analysis was conducted to extract factors from items related to infectious diseases and consumers’ eating-out behavior. Following the factor analysis results, a linear regression analysis was performed to explain the significant influence relationship between the extracted variables. Results Result indicated that there are four factors that affect the intention of eating-out: awareness of infectious diseases, attitude of eating-out behavior, the reference group’s opinion of eating-out behavior, and compliance with living prevention and hygiene. The data analysis showed that compliance with living prevention and hygiene positively effects on consumers intention to eating-out, while awareness of infectious diseases and attitude of eating-out behavior negatively effect on the intention to eating-out. The reference group’s opinion of eating-out behavior did not show a significant impact on consumers’ intention of eating-out. Conclusion This study identified how infectious diseases affect consumers’ eating-out behavior, laid the theoretical foundation for related researches, and suggested ways to help related industry workers establish marketing strategies under the pandemic.

1인 가구의 외식행동 변화에 관한 연구

장정민(Jang, Jeong-Min) 한국외식경영학회 2019 외식경영연구 Vol.22 No.6

본 연구는 한국 노동연구원에서 실시한 ‘한국노동패널’의 2010년부터 2017년까지의 대규모 데이터를 활용하였으며, 1인 가구의 외식행동이 시간의 흐름에 어떻게 변화하는지를 분석하고자 하였다. 이는 향후 외식시장 발전을 위한 기초자료 제공 및 정책 수립에 도움이 되고자 하는 목적이 있었으며, 연구의 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 외식비와 와식비율은 시간의 흐름에 따라 외식비와 외식비 비율이 증가 추세를 보였다. 둘째, 선형변화 모형을 채택하여 영향을 규명하고자 하였다. 셋째, 남성은 여성보다 초기 외식에 지출하는 비용이 높고 시간의 경과에 따라서는 외식비 변화율에 차이를 보이지 않은 것으로 나타났으며, 연령의 경우 외식비의 초기값과 변화율에 영향을 미쳐 연령이 높을수록 초기 외식비가 높으며 시간이 흐르면서 외식비의 증가율이 감소하는 것으로 나타났다. 외식비 비율의 경우 성별이 외식비 비율의 초기값에는 영향을 미치지만 변화율에는 영향을 미치지 않은 것으로 나타났으며 즉, 1인 가구의 남성의 외식비 비율이 초기에는 높지만 외식비 비율 변화율은 남녀에 차이가 나타나지 않는다고 조사되었다. 연령은 외식비 비율의 초기값과 변화율에 모두 영향을 주는 것으로 나타났고 연령이 낮을수록 외식비 비율의 초기값도 높고 증가율도 높다는 것을 의미하였다. 본 연구의 한계점이라 함은 제한된 패널 데이터를 사용하였기 때문에 연구의 범위가 한정적이라는 한계를 지니고 있으며, 추후 다양한 변수를 고려한 연구가 진행될 필요가 있다고 사료된다. The present study aimed to use a wealth of data ranging from 2010 to 2017 from the Korean Labor and Income Panel Study conducted by the Korea Labor Institute;and further analyze the change in the eating-out patterns of single-person households over time. First;eating-out expenses and eating-out rate were on the steady rise as time progresses. Second;a linear change model was adopted to identify effects. Third;men paid more money in eating out than women early on. As time went by;eating-out rate showed no variation over time. Age affected initial values of eating-out expenses and change rate. Eating-out expenses early on increased in old groups. As time progressed;the increasing rate of eating-out expenses declined. Regarding the rate of eating-out expenses;gender affected intial values of the rate;but no impact on the change rate. The study found that the rate of eating-out expenses of male single-person households were high early on;change rates of the expenses remained unchanged between men and women. Age all affected initial values and change rate of eating-out expense rates. Initial values of the rates were higher and the increasing rates were higher in young groups.

영남지역 기혼여성의 사회·경제적 수준이 외식행동에 미치는 영향

김성미,이영순 동아시아식생활학회 2004 동아시아식생활학회지 Vol.14 No.2

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of socioeconomic status on the eating-out satisfaction, eating-out expenditure, meal balance and dietary attitude of 251 married females in Youngnam Area. The monthly frequency of eating out with family was 2.5 visits with an expenditure of 116,000 won in this study. Korean food was the most frequently selected type of board for breakfast, lunch and dinner. The respondents satisfied with the taste of the food the most, whereas least satisfied with the sanitation. The average expenditure for eating-out was 62,000 won per visit with the average of 39,000 won in the lowest income group and 78,000 won in the highest one. Regarding the meal balance score, the overall score was 3.48 with the lowest score(2.98) being recorded for the dairy products and the highest score(3.95) for vegetables. As for the dietary attitude score, breakfast scored the highest(3.79) and consideration of balanced workload, exercise, rest and dining activities received the lowest score(2.57). Meal balance and attitude scores were not significantly different among the eating-out expenditure levels. The eating-out expenditure demonstrated a positive correlation with total food expenditures, household income, educational attainment and others. The low income group who had low meal balance scores and dietary attitude scores tended to spend proportionally more on eating-out. In conclusion, the studies revealed that the respondents favored the Korean food and did not satisfied with the sanitation most when eating-out. In terms of eating-out expenses, the group with the highest income and educational attainment spent the most on eating-out and food expenditures.

A Study of the Food and Nutrient Intakes of College Students According to their Frequencies of Eating Out

Yu, Choon-Hie,Lee, Jung-Sug The Korean Nutrition Society 2003 Nutritional Sciences Vol.6 No.1

This study was carried out to investigate the relationship between the food and nutrient intake status and eating-out practices of college students. A dietary survey of 361 subjects living in urban areas was conducted by using a 3-day diet record method. The average ages of the male and female subjects were 22.0 and 20.6 years old, respectively. Monthly personal expenses of the male and female students were 316,517 won and 296,888 won, respectively. 43.1% of the male and 50.8% of the female students used between one-quarter and one-half of their monthly personal expenses for eating out. Sixty-five percent of the total subjects ate out more than five times a week The average daily total food intake was 1630.7g in the males and 1453.9g in the females. The average percentage of total food intake from eating out (by weight) was 60.6% in the males and 56.2% in the females; foods eaten out were mainly potatoes, meats, processed foods, and beverages. It was found that 40-65% of daily total nutrient intake came from food eaten out. When they ate out, the male students ate slightly higher amounts of protein, fat and vitamin B1, while the female students ate relatively higher amounts of animal protein, fat, vitamin A and cholesterol. The more the subjects ate out, the more the quantity of total food intake increased. This increase resulted from high intakes of beverages and processed foods in the males, while the increase was from total plant foods, mushrooms, beverages, and milk and dairy products, in the females. The dietary variety score (DVS) was significantly increased in the female subjects when they ate out more than once a day; otherwise, the DVS was not significantly different between any of the male and female groups. The intakes of energy, and of many nutrients such as protein, fat, carbohydrates, calcium, phosphorus, iron, potassium and cholesterol, were increased when the female subjects ate out more than twice a day. The mean adequacy ratio (MAR) was at its highest level of 0.65 in the males when they ate out less than once a day, and at its highest level of 0.67 in the females when they ate out more than twice a day.

가족생활주기에 다른 가족외식행동의 차이

유정림,박동연 대한지역사회영양학회 2002 대한지역사회영양학회지 Vol.7 No.2

This study was conducted to compare families` eating-out behavior in relation to family life cycle in order to provide basic information on nutritional education about eating-out. The data were collected by the survey method from 440 families who lived in apartment complexes in Kyong-ju and Seoul. The structured questionnaire included items about the frequency of eating out, the choice of eating-out menus, the decision maker of the eating-out process, the attitudes toward eating out and the general characteristics of the families. The major results are as follow: 1) In the case of telephone delivery service, and eat-in restaurants, the subjects showed statistical significance (p < 0.01). With respect to telephone delivery service, families in StepⅡ used it most frequently, but families in StepⅡ rarely used it. With respect to eat-in restaurants, families in StepⅡ used them most frequently but families in StepⅣ rarely used them. 2) In all the family life cycle steps, the most favorable menu was fired chicken for take-out type, Chajang noodles, fired chicken and pizza for telephone delivery, pizza for internet delivery, raw fish and beef for eat-in restaurant, Docbokki, laver rolled rice and ramyun for convenience food stores. 3) The wife was most influential in making decisions about the take-out type (p < 0.001). In the case of telephone deliveries (p < 0.001), the wife was the most influential in the families of Steps Ⅰ and Ⅱ, but the children were the most influential in the families of Steps Ⅲ and Ⅳ. In the case of eat-in restaurants (p < 0.001), the husband had the most effect on the decision-making process. In the case of convenience food stores (p < 0.001), the children were the most influential in the families in Steps ill and Ⅳ. In most family life cycle steps, each of them chose their own meal. 4) From a factor analysis perspective, attitudes toward eating out have been grouped according to two factors, namely `Advantage` and `Nutrition`. No factor showed a significant difference among the family life cycle steps. (Korean J Community Nutrition 7(2): 188~198, 2002)

한국인의 외식 빈도별 소비자 범주화: 고빈도 이용자부터 저빈도 이용자까지

한경수,민지은 한국관광학회 2020 관광학연구 Vol.44 No.4

This study aimed to understand the consumption behavior and demographic differences between Heavy users(HU) and Light users(LU) of eating-out by using the "2016 Consumer Behavior Survey for Food" collected by the Korea Rural Economic Institute(KREI). The results show that the average age of high-frequency users was low. The monthly-average expenditure for eating-out among HU was about two times higher than the LU’(HU=￦175,329, LU=￦81,743). Regarding the average expenditure for one time eating-out, the low-frequency users were approximately two times higher than the HU(HU=￦11,147, LU=￦19,635). For the purpose of eating-out, the HU reported ‘difficult to eat meals at home’ while the LU stated ‘eating delicious food’ and ‘celebrating special days’. To segment participants based on food-related lifestyle, we employed cluster analytic procedures. This analysis resulted in eight clusters(HU: Convenient, Proactive, Reactive, Healthy & Safe, LU: Tasty & Healthy, Proactive, Reactive, Safe). It would be necessary to perform the intensive marketing for the group that could afford to eat out(LU_Reactive) and the group with lots of interest in new food(LU-Proactive). This study suggests that implementing marketing strategy targeting both HU and LU in the saturated eating-out market. 본 연구는 한국농촌경제연구원(KREI)의 2016 식품소비행태 조사 자료를 이용하여 외식 고빈도이용자와 저빈도 이용자의 소비행태와 인구통계학적 차이를 알아보고자 평균비교분석, 카이제곱분석, 분산분석, 군집분석을 실시하였다. 분석 결과 고빈도 이용자는 평균연령이 낮으며 월평균 외식지출비용이 175,329원으로 저빈도 이용자의 81,743원 보다 약 2배 많은 것으로 나타났으며 1회 평균 외식지출 비용은 저빈도 이용자 19,635원, 고빈도 이용자 11,147원으로 2배 높게 나타났다. 고빈도 이용자의 외식의 목적은 ‘가정내 식사가 어려워서’로 나타났으며 저빈도 이용자는 ‘맛있는 음식을 먹기 위해’, ‘특별한 날을 기념하기 위해’ 라고 응답한 비율이 높게 나타났다. 고빈도 이용자는 외식이 보편화 되어있으나 저빈도 이용자에게 외식은 목적이 있어야만 방문하는 특별한 경험임을 나타냈다. 고빈도 이용자와 저빈도 이용자를 식생활 라이프스타일에 따라 군집분석 한 결과 총 8개의 군집(고빈도: 간편, 능동, 수동, 건강 & 안전, 저빈도: 맛& 건강, 능동, 수동, 안전)으로 나누어졌다. 이 중 파인다이닝레스토랑이나 전문 고깃집과 같이 객단가가 높은 레스토랑의 경우 외식을 할 수 있는 경제적 여건이 되는 집단(저빈도 수동)과 새로운 음식에 관심이 많은 집단(저빈도 능동)의 방문빈도를 높이기 위한 집중적인 마케팅전략이 필요한 것으로 나타났다. 본 연구를 통해 포화된 외식시장에서 외식을 자주하는 고빈도 이용자 뿐 아니라 저빈도 이용자를 대상으로 한 마케팅 전략을 제시할 수 있다.