수종 이원중합 레진 씨멘트의 중합률 및 세포 독성에 관한 실험적 연구

이정석,노병덕,박성호 大韓齒科保存學會 1995 Restorative Dentistry & Endodontics Vol.20 No.1

AbstractThe degree of conversion of composite resin was known to have influence on the mechani- cal properties of composite materials such as hardness, strength, wear resisitance, dimensio- nal and color stability. Also unreacted monomer was reported to be harmful to the pulp. So the degree of conversion was a very important factor in the success of composite resin restorations.In recent, the dual cure resin cement was developed with the advocations that it could increase the curing rates in the sites where the curing ligt could not reach. Moreover many manufactors added some adhesive components in the resin cement.This study was undertaken to observe the effects of curing depth and light curing times on the degree of conversion of dual cure resin cements. CR INLAY CEMENT, DUAL CEMENT and OPTEC BOND, by the Fourier transform Infrared analysis, changing the curing depth 1mm, 2mm and 3mm, and varying the light curing time 20 seconds, 40 seconds and 80 seconds at each depth. The cytotoxicity of dual cure resin cements was tested by the in vitro MTT method using L929 cell. The results was evaluated and compared statistically.The results were obtained as follows: 1. The dual cure resin cements reavealed various degree of conversion, CR INLAY CE- MENT and DUAL CEMENT had a tendency to be more reactive to the light cure and OPTEC BOND was a more chemical one. 2. CR INLAY CEMENT and DUAL CEMENT showed the lowest degree of conversion in 2 mm depth, and in 3mm depth the degree of conversion increased, which were due to the chemical cure of dual cures, but OPTEC BOND showed decreasing degree of conversion with increasing curing depth and all experimental groups showed lower degree of conversion than CHEMICAL group which cured in dark room with no light, so the weak light?uring of dual cure resin cement prevented the chemical cure. (P<0. 05) 3. CR INLAY CEMENT and DUAL CEMENT showed increasing degree of conversion in 1 mm and 3 mm, according to the increasing cure times, but in 2 mm depth the degree of conversion decreased with increasing light?uring times and OPTEC BOND showed contrary tendency, but there was no ststistical importance in the differences among the experimental group.(P>0.05) 4. The optical density by MTT assay of extractions of CR INLAY CEMENT, DUAL CE- MENT and OPTEC BOND revealed no statitically important differences comparing with optical density of negative control.(P>0.05) 5. CR INLAY CEMENT showed a tendency of increaing cytotoxicity with days and DUAL CEMENT and OPTEC BOND showed higher cytotoxicity in 2 days than in 4 days, but there was no statistical importance in the differences. (P>0.05)

수종의 레진 시멘트의 용해도와 수분흡착에 관한 연구

황유진,조인호,임주환,임헌송,Hwang Yu-Jin,Cho In-Ho,Lim Ju-Hwan,Lim Heon-Song 대한치과보철학회 2005 대한치과보철학회지 Vol.43 No.1

Statement of problem. Among the physical properties of adhesion luting cement, the aspect that requires the most important factor is the degree of solubility and water sorption. Dissolution or an inadequate due to excessive water sorption inside the oral cavity compromises the while concurrently increasing the susceptibility to secondary dental caries. Susceptibility to dissolution and difficulty of removing remnant cement from the gingival sulcus have hindered the use of dental resin cement in the clinical practice, but the improved characteristics of newer generation resin cements have interest in and enabled resin cements to be widely used in adhesion of fixed prosthesis, such as laminate veneers and all-ceramic crowns. Purpose. The purpose of this study is to compare and analyze the degrees of solubility and water sorption of a variety of resin cements widely used for clinical purposes with different curing methods. Material and methods. Self-curing resin cements, $Avanto^{(R)}$, $C&B^{TM}$ CEMENT and Superbond C&B cements comprised group 1, 2 and 3. The dual-curing resin cements $Panavian^{TM}$ F, $Calibra^{(R)}$ and $Variolink^{(R)}$ II were divided into groups 4, 5, and 6, respectively. The investigation was carried out using disc-shaped specimens as specified by ANSI/ADA Specification No. 27. The degree of water sorption, water solubility and lactic acid solubility of each test group was analyzed statistically leading to the following conclusion. Results. The degree of water sorption was shown to increase in the following order : group 6, 5, 4, 2, 1 and 3. There were significant differences between the water sorption of each group. Results of the degree of water solubility were shown to increase in the following order : group 6, 5, 4, 2, 1 and 3. Statistically significant differences were found between each group, with the exception of groups 1 and 3. Finally, the degree of lactic acid solubility was found to increase in the following order : group 6,5,4,2,3 and 1. Significant differences were found between each group. In general dual-curing resin cements displayed substantially lower values than self-curing resin cements with regard to water sorption, water solubility, and lactic acid solubility. Conclusions. From the results of this study, dual-curing resin cements show a significantly lower degree of water sorption and solubility than their self-curing counterparts. Clinically, when selecting resin cements, the product with a lower degree of water sorption and solubility are preferred. The results of this study indicate that the use-of dual-curing resin cements is preferable to self-curing cements.

Influence of light-curing on the translucence change and color stability of amine-free dual-cured resin cements

최성현,이보람,이빈나,장훈상,황윤찬,오원만,황인남 대한치과재료학회 2019 대한치과재료학회지 Vol.46 No.3

The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of light-curing on the translucency change and color-stability ofamine(tertiary)-free dual-cured resin cements after accelerated aging. Two curing modes (dual-curing and self-curing) wereapplied on three dual-cured resin cements (Duo-Link Universal [DLU], Nexus Third Generation [NX3] and RelyX Ultimate [RXU])in this study. Ten specimens were fabricated for each group. In dual-cured groups only, light-activation was performed withpolywave-LED curing unit (Bluphase, Ivoclar Vivadent, Schaan, Liechtenstein), where each sides of the samples werephoto-polymerized for 60 seconds. Self-cured groups were kept in the dark storage for 24 hours. The color of the specimenswas measured with spectrocolorimeter (NF999, Nippon Denshoku, Japan) after 24 hours of making samples. After the initialcolor measurements, the specimens were subjected to accelerated aging procedure. Spectrophotometric analysis was carriedout on day 7, day 14, day 21 and day 28 of accelerated aging in 60 ℃ of distilled water. The color characteristics, colordifference (ΔE*), and translucency parameter (TP) of specimens were calculated according to the CIE L*a*b* color systembefore and after aging. All the ΔE* values and TP values were analyzed by 2-way analysis of variance. After aging, all groups revealed clinically perceptible color differences (ΔE*>3.3). Differences in ΔE* values of self-curedgroups were significantly higher than those of dual-cured groups in NX3 and RXU. But there were no significant differencesin ΔE* between dual-cured mode and self-cured mode of DLU. All mean b* values increased after aging. All mean L* valuesdecreased after aging except for self-cured RXU cement. TP values also decreased with aging. TP values of self-cured groupswere significantly lower than those of dual-cured groups in NX3 and RXU. Hence, in conclusion, despite the absence oftertiary amine in the dual-cured resin cements, such resin cements should be polymerized with the dual-cure modes to ensurelong-term color-stability.

중합방법이 이중중합 레진시멘트의 미세경도에 미치는 영향

이기덕,박세희,김진우,조경모 大韓齒科保存學會 2011 Restorative Dentistry & Endodontics Vol.36 No.2

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to evaluate curing degree of three dual-cure resin cements with the elapsed time in self-cure and dual-cure mode by means of the repeated measure of micro-hardness. Materials and Methods: Two dual-cure self-adhesive resin cements studied were Maxcem Elite (Kerr), Rely-X Unicem (3M ESPE) and one conventional dual-cure resin cement was Rely-X ARC resin cement (3M ESPE). Twenty specimens for each cements were made in Teflon mould and divided equally by self-cure and dual-cure mode and left in dark, , 100% relative humidity conditional-micro-hardness was measured at 10 min, 30 min, 1 hr, 3 hr, 6 hr, 12 hr and 24 hr after baseline. The results of micro-hardness value were statistically analyzed using independent samples t-test and one-way ANOVA with multiple comparisons using Scheffe's test. Results: The micro-hardness values were increased with time in every test groups. Dual-cure mode obtained higher micro-hardness value than self-cure mode except after one hour of Maxcem. Self-cured Rely-X Unicem showed lowest value and dual-cured Rely-X Unicem showed highest value in every measuring time. Conclusions: Sufficient light curing to dual-cure resin cements should provided for achieve maximum curing. 연구목적: 본 연구는 3종의 이중중합 레진시멘트에서 자가중합법과 이중중합법이 중합도에 미치는 영향을 간접적으로 알아보고자 시간경과에 따라 미세경도를 측정하였다. 연구 재료 및 방법: 실험을 위해 자가접착 레진시멘트인 Maxcem Elite (Kerr)와 Rely-X Unicem (3M ESPE) 및 전통형 레진시멘트인 Rely-X ARC (3M ESPE)를 사용하였으며 각 레진시멘트를 동일한 크기의 테플론 몰드에 채우고 자가중합법과 이중중합법으로 중합을 하여 각각 10개씩 시편을 제작하였으며 중합 시작 후 10분, 30분, 1시간, 3시간, 6시간, 12시간, 24시간이 지난 시점에 미세경도를 측정하였다. 결과: 각 시점에서 레진시멘트별로 중합법 사이의 비교를 위한 independent samples t-test 및 모든 실험군 사이의 비교를 위한 one-way ANOVA와 Scheffe 사후검정을 95% 유의수준에서 실시하여 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 1. 모든 실험군에서 시간이 경과함에 따라 미세경도가 증가하는 경향을 보였다. 2. Maxcem에서 중합 1시간 후 부터를 제외하고 이중중합이 자가중합에 비해 높은 미세경도 값을 보였다(p<0.05). 3. 매 시점에서 자가중합법의 Rely-X Unicem이 가장 낮은 미세경도를 보였으며 이중중합법의 Rely-X Unicem이 가장 높은 미세경도 값을 보였다. 결론: 이상의 실험 결과로 볼 때 이중중합 레진시멘트의 충분한 중합을 위해서는 광조사를 반드시 하여야 할 것으로 생각한다.

Influence of resin-nanoceramic CAD/CAM block shade and thickness on the microhardness of dual-cured resin cement

Ga-Young Choi(최가영),Jeong-Kil Park(박정길),Myoung-Uk Jin(진명욱),Yong Hoon Kwon(권용훈),Sung-Ae Son(손성애) 대한치과재료학회 2017 대한치과재료학회지 Vol.44 No.2

The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of shade and thickness of resin-nanoceramic CAD-CAM block (RNB) on the microhardness of dual-cured resin cement, as well as to measure the number of photons transmitted through RNBs of different thicknesses and colors. One dual-cured resin cement was used to prepare resin cement specimens. Resin cement specimens were light-cured for 40 seconds through 3 shades (A1, A2, A3 in HT (high translucency) and LT (low translucency) respectively) and four thicknesses (1, 2, 3, 4 mm) of RNB specimens. Vickers microhardness measurements of resin cement specimens were performed using a Vickers hardness tester. The light transmission of RNB specimens was measured using a spectrometer (SpectroPro-500, Acton Research, Acton, MA, U.S.A.), and the translucency parameter was calculated using the CIEL<SUP>*</SUP>a<SUP>*</SUP>b<SUP>*</SUP> system. Data were statistically analyzed by ANOVA and Tukeyʼs test. There was a significant decrease of microhardness of resin cement specimen with an overlay of 4 mm of RNB thickness and A3 shade in comparison to A1 and 1 mm, respectively (p<0.05). The translucency parameter values and light transmission of RNBs tested differed significantly, according to the thicknesses of the specimen (p<0.05). Light transmission is decreased with increase in the thicknesses of RNBs. Shade A1 transmitted more light than darker blocks. A decrease in microhardness of resin cement specimens was observed with increasing thickness and shade (A1 to A3) of RNBs.

Influence of resin-nanoceramic CAD/CAM block shade and thickness on the microhardness of dual-cured resin cement

최가영,박정길,진명욱,권용훈,손성애 대한치과재료학회 2017 대한치과재료학회지 Vol.44 No.2

The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of shade and thickness of resin-nanoceramic CAD-CAM block (RNB) on the microhardness of dual-cured resin cement, as well as to measure the number of photons transmitted through RNBs of different thicknesses and colors. One dual-cured resin cement was used to prepare resin cement specimens. Resin cement specimens were light-cured for 40 seconds through 3 shades (A1, A2, A3 in HT (high translucency) and LT (low translucency) respectively) and four thicknesses (1, 2, 3, 4 mm) of RNB specimens. Vickers microhardness measurements of resin cement specimens were performed using a Vickers hardness tester. The light transmission of RNB specimens was measured using a spectrometer (SpectroPro-500, Acton Research, Acton, MA, U.S.A.), and the translucency parameter was calculated using the CIEL*a*b* system. Data were statistically analyzed by ANOVA and Tukeyʼs test. There was a significant decrease of microhardness of resin cement specimen with an overlay of 4 mm of RNB thickness and A3 shade in comparison to A1 and 1 mm, respectively (p<0.05). The translucency parameter values and light transmission of RNBs tested differed significantly, according to the thicknesses of the specimen (p<0.05). Light transmission is decreased with increase in the thicknesses of RNBs. Shade A1 transmitted more light than darker blocks. A decrease in microhardness of resin cement specimens was observed with increasing thickness and shade (A1 to A3) of RNBs.

강화형 글라스 아이오노머 합착용 시멘트의 접합강도 및 변연누출에 대한 연구

박혜양,오남식,이근우,이호용,Park, Hye-Yang,Oh, Nam-Sik,Lee, Keun-Woo,Lee, Ho-Yong 대한치과보철학회 1997 대한치과보철학회지 Vol.35 No.4

The resin modified glass ionomer cements(RMGICs) have been used for years since 1989. Recently it has been developed for luting of fixed restorations. To evaluate the bond strength and marginal leakage of RMGICs for luting usage, the 80 extracted human molars which had uniform area of exposed dentin were cemented with 3 types of RMGICs(Fuji Duet, Advance, Vitremer), a conventional Glass Ionomer Cement(GIC-Fuji I), and a resin cement (Panavia 21) to base metal alloy(Ni-Cr-Be). After thermocycling the specimens were immersed in basic fuschin dye for measuring marginal leakage. The shear bond strength was measured with Instron and the maximum dye penetration was measured to 0.1mm. The types of fractured patterns were determined with stereoscope(${\times}7.5$). The results are as follows. 1. The difference between 3 RMGICs and a conventional GIC in shear bond strength was not statistically significant. It seemed that RMGICs had lower shear bond strength than resin cement. (p<0.01) 2. The mean scores of marginal leakage had no significant difference between the resin cement and 3 RMGICs but it was much higher in conventional GIC than the RMGICs (p<0.05) 3. It was determined that the manufacturer and the methods of dentin pretreatment determined the pattern of fracture surfaces and the frequency of adhesive failure between teeth and 3 RMGICs standed as in following order - Vitremer, Advance, Fuji Duet. (p<0. 01) When the fracture pattern was analyzed, it could be said that the materials and the method of dentin pretreatment have much effect on bonding states. This means that the dentin bonding agents should be improved. But the limited products in this experiment can not evaluate the physical properties of the entire RMGICs. Therefore a further study which can evaluate various RMGICs should be in progress to develope better cements.

Comparison of polymerization shrinkage of dual-cure core build-up resin according to shade and curing mode

최유리나,Karl Lee,장훈상 조선대학교 치의학연구원 2019 Oral Biology Research (Oral Biol Res) Vol.43 No.4

Polymerization shrinkage of composite resin is closely related to direct or indirect restoration failure. Many studies have reported that curing mode affects polymerization, but few studies have reported whether polymerization shrinkage is affected by the shade of the dual-cure core build-up resin. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to compare the polymerization shrinkage of a dual-cure core build-up resin according to shade and curing mode. A dual-cure core build-up resin (Dual Core, Vericom) was selected and the specimens were prepared using either natural (A3) or blue shade of 6 mm diameter and 0.5 mm thickness. The specimens were either light-cured or self-cured and polymerization shrinkage was measured using a modified bonded disc method for 1,800 seconds (n=7). Polymerization shrinkage data were analyzed using two-way ANOVA and Tukey honestly significant difference at α=0.05. No statistically significant difference in polymerization shrinkage was observed between the natural shade (3.87%±0.31%) and blue shade (3.85%±0.37%). However, polymerization shrinkage in light-curing mode (4.10%±0.14%) was significantly higher than that in selfcuring mode (3.63%±0.31%). In conclusion, polymerization shrinkage of the dual-cure core build-up resin tested in this study was not affected by shade but by curing mode.

Effect of solution temperature on the mechanical properties of dual-cure resin cements

강은숙,전영찬,정창모,허중보,윤미정,권용훈 대한치과보철학회 2013 The Journal of Advanced Prosthodontics Vol.5 No.2

PURPOSE. This study was to evaluate the effect of the solution temperature on the mechanical properties of dualcure resin cements. MATERIALS AND METHODS. For the study, five dual-cure resin cements were chosen and light cured. To evaluate the effect of temperature on the specimens, the light-cured specimens were immersed in deionized water at three different temperatures (4, 37 and 60℃) for 7 days. The control specimens were aged in a 37℃ dry and dark chamber for 24 hours. The mechanical properties of the light-cured specimens were evaluated using the Vickers hardness test, three-point bending test, and compression test, respectively. Both flexural and compressive properties were evaluated using a universal testing machine. The data were analyzed using a two way ANOVA with Tukey test to perform multiple comparisons (α=0.05). RESULTS. After immersion, the specimens showed significantly different microhardness, flexural, and compressive properties compared to the control case regardless of solution temperatures. Depending on the resin brand, the microhardness difference between the top and bottom surfaces ranged approximately 3.3-12.2%. Among the specimens, BisCem and Calibra showed the highest and lowest decrease of flexural strength, respectively. Also, Calibra and Multilink Automix showed the highest and lowest decrease of compressive strength, respectively compared to the control case. CONCLUSION. The examined dual-cure resin cements had compatible flexural and compressive properties with most methacrylate-based composite resins and the underlying dentin regardless of solution temperature. However, the effect of the solution temperature on the mechanical properties was not consistent and depended more on the resin brand.

Effect of solution temperature on the mechanical properties of dual-cure resin cements

Kang, En-Sook,Jeon, Yeong-Chan,Jeong, Chang-Mo,Huh, Jung-Bo,Yun, Mi-Jung,Kwon, Yong-Hoon The Korean Academy of Prosthodonitics 2013 The Journal of Advanced Prosthodontics Vol.5 No.2

PURPOSE. This study was to evaluate the effect of the solution temperature on the mechanical properties of dualcure resin cements. MATERIALS AND METHODS. For the study, five dual-cure resin cements were chosen and light cured. To evaluate the effect of temperature on the specimens, the light-cured specimens were immersed in deionized water at three different temperatures (4, 37 and $60^{\circ}C$) for 7 days. The control specimens were aged in a $37^{\circ}C$ dry and dark chamber for 24 hours. The mechanical properties of the light-cured specimens were evaluated using the Vickers hardness test, three-point bending test, and compression test, respectively. Both flexural and compressive properties were evaluated using a universal testing machine. The data were analyzed using a two way ANOVA with Tukey test to perform multiple comparisons (${\alpha}$=0.05). RESULTS. After immersion, the specimens showed significantly different microhardness, flexural, and compressive properties compared to the control case regardless of solution temperatures. Depending on the resin brand, the microhardness difference between the top and bottom surfaces ranged approximately 3.3-12.2%. Among the specimens, BisCem and Calibra showed the highest and lowest decrease of flexural strength, respectively. Also, Calibra and Multilink Automix showed the highest and lowest decrease of compressive strength, respectively compared to the control case. CONCLUSION. The examined dual-cure resin cements had compatible flexural and compressive properties with most methacrylate-based composite resins and the underlying dentin regardless of solution temperature. However, the effect of the solution temperature on the mechanical properties was not consistent and depended more on the resin brand.