운동선수들의 자율성과 도핑 의도의 관계에서 도핑방지 교육 경험의 조절효과

한연숙 ( Han¸ Youn-suk ),황선환 ( Hwang¸ Sun-hwan ) 한국융합과학회 2021 한국융합과학회지 Vol.10 No.5

연구목적: 본 연구는 선수들의 개인 심리적인 요인과 도핑 교육의 관계를 파악하고 도핑 의도를 예측하여 선수들이 도핑의 조절력을 강화하여 도핑 행동을 예방하는데 궁극적인 목적이 있다. 구체적으로, 선수들의 자율성과 도핑 의도의 관계에서 도핑방지 교육 경험의 조절효과를 규명하는데 연구목적이 있다. 연구방법: 본 연구는 SPSS 27.0 프로그램을 활용하여 분석하였다. 먼저 인구사회학적 특성을 알아보기 위해 빈도분석을 실시하였고, 변인 간의 상관관계를 알아보기 위해 Pearson’s 상관관계분석을 실시하여 다중공선성의 문제를 확인하였다. 또한 조절효과를 검증하기 위해 Andrew F. Hayes가 개발한 Process Macro 프로그램을 활용하여 분석하였다. 결과: 연구결과 첫째, 운동선수들의 자율성은 도핑 의도에 유의한 영향을 미치지 않는 것으로 나타났다. 둘째, 도핑방지 교육은 도핑 의도에 부적인 영향을 나타냈다. 셋째, 자율성과 도핑방지 교육의 곱으로 이루어진 상호작용항은 도핑 의도에 유의한 영향을 미침으로써 조절효과가 있는 것으로 나타났다. 즉, 국내 운동선수들이 지각하는 자율성이 도핑 의도에 미치는 영향은 도핑방지 교육에 따라 달라진다는 것을 의미한다. 결론: 스포츠 수행능력의 향상, 목표달성, 부상회복 등을 위해 선수들은 약물 사용의 유혹에 직면할 수 있다. 선수들의 도핑행동을 예방하고 도핑 의도를 감소시키기 위해서는 대한체육회에서 실시하는 의무교육이 아닌 별도의 도핑방지 프로그램을 통해 선수들 스스로 도핑의 심각성을 인식해야 하고, 나아가 도핑방지 교육 참여를 높이기 위한 다양한 도핑방지 프로그램을 개발해야할 것이다. Purpose: This study aimed to identify the relationship between athletes' personal psychological factors and doping education and predict doping intentions so that athletes can strengthen their control of doping to prevent doping behavior. Specifically, the research objective was to identify the moderation effect of anti-doping education experience in the relationship between athletes' autonomy and doping intentions. Methods: This study was analyzed using the SPSS 27.0 program. First, frequency analysis was conducted to identify socio-demographic characteristics, and Pearson's correlation analysis was conducted to identify the problem of multicollinearity. It was also analyzed using a Process Macro program developed by Andrew F. Hayes to verify the moderation effect. Results: First, the autonomy of athletes had no significant effect on doping intentions. Second, anti-doping education showed a negative effect on doping intentions. Third, the interaction term, which consists of the multiplication of autonomy and anti-doping education, had been shown to have a moderation effect by significantly affecting doping intentions. In other words, the effect of autonomy on doping intentions depends on anti-doping education experience. Conclusion: Players may be tempted to use drugs to improve their sports performance, achieve their goals, and recover from injuries. In order to prevent athletes' doping behavior and reduce doping intentions, athletes should recognize the seriousness of doping through a separate anti-doping program, not compulsory education conducted by the Korean Sport & Olympic Committee, and further various anti-doping programs should be developed.

Bi-Sb-Te계 합금의 열전물성에 대한 Cu 및 In 첨가 영향

조현준,김현식,김상일 대한금속·재료학회 2019 대한금속·재료학회지 Vol.57 No.10

Herein we report the effect of Cu/In doping on the electronic and thermal transport properties of Bi-Sb-Te thermoelectric alloys. To closely examine the role of each doping element when incorporated in a Bi0.4Sb1.6Te3 alloy, different groups of samples were prepared and characterized, including undoped Bi0.4Sb1.6Te3, In single-doped samples and In and Cu doped ones. It was observed that Cu and In had different impacts on the thermoelectric properties of the Bi0.4Sb1.6Te3. For example, the Hall carrier concentration of Bi0.4Sb1.6Te3 was increased by Cu doping and decreased by In doping while maintaining Hall mobility, which suggests that the physical parameters related to the thermoelectric transport can be carefully controlled by doping with Cu and In. In addition, we found that the electronic structure of Bi0.4Sb1.6Te3 can be modified by Cu/In doping. The density of states effective mass (m * ) value of the Cu-doped sample (1.09 m0) was increased. However, the m * of the In-doped sample (0.85 m0) was decreased compared to the pristine sample (0.97 m0). Cu single-doped Bi0.4Sb1.6Te3 exhibited the maximum thermoelectric figure-of-merit because of the complexity of substitutional doping on Bi/Sb sites. Our results indicate that to enhance the performance of thermoelectric materials by doping with more than one element a well-designed doping strategy is required.

Synergistic effect of heteroatom-doped activated carbon for ultrafast charge storage kinetics

Shin, Dong-Yo,Sung, Ki-Wook,Ahn, Hyo-Jin Elsevier 2019 APPLIED SURFACE SCIENCE - Vol.478 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>Providing a crystallographic and electronic modification of carbon-based materials in electrical double-layer capacitors (EDLCs) is an essential technology needed to improve the charge storage kinetics and to enhance ultrafast cycling performances. However, despite numerous structural composite and morphological modification efforts focused on active materials, ultrafast charge storage kinetics still indicated a poor ultrafast capacitance and low cycling stability. To solve these problems, in the present study, we propose a novel heteroatom (N, P, and B)-doped activated carbon (AC) that has the synergistic effects of N-, P-, and B-doping using the one-pot doping calcination process. Compared to the bare-AC, N-doped AC, P-doped AC, and B-doped AC, the novel heteroatom-doped AC indicates an improved ultrafast charge storage kinetics, such as high specific capacitance (243.9 F g<SUP>−1</SUP> at the scan rate of 10 mV s<SUP>−1</SUP>), good cycling stability (216.7 F g<SUP>−1</SUP> at 100 mV s<SUP>−1</SUP> after 500 cycles), and superb ultrafast cycling capacitance (199.7 F g<SUP>−1</SUP> at 300 mV s<SUP>−1</SUP>). These superb electrochemical performances can be attributed by synergistic effects of increased active sites by N-doping related to a high charge storage area, improved functional groups by P-doping related to an excellent wettability between the electrode and the electrolyte, and enhanced electrical properties by B-doping related to a good electron acceptability.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> The heteroatom (nitrogen, phosphate, and boron)-doped activated carbon. </LI> <LI> The heteroatom-doped activated carbon showed increase of active site by N doping. </LI> <LI> The heteroatom-doped activated carbon exhibited improvement of functional groups by P doping. </LI> <LI> The heteroatom-doped activated carbon indicated enhancement of electron acceptability by B doping. </LI> </UL> </P>

운동선수들이 지각하는 통제동기가 도핑 의도에 미치는 영향: 자율성의 조절효과 검증

한연숙 ( Han¸ Youn-suk ),황선환 ( Hwang¸ Sunhwan ) 한국융합과학회(구 한국시큐리티융합경영학회) 2021 한국융합과학회지 Vol.10 No.1

연구목적: 본 연구는 첫째, 선수들의 훈련 상황에서 지각하고 있는 인지적 요인으로부터 도핑 의도를 파악하고, 이를 통해 선수 스스로 도핑의 유혹을 이겨내고 조절력을 강화하는데 목적이 있다. 둘째, 선수들의 통제동기와 도핑 의도의 관계에서 자율성의 조절효과를 규명하는데 두 번째 연구목적이 있다. 연구방법: 본 연구는 SPSS 23.0 프로그램을 활용하여 분석하였다. 먼저 인구사회학적 특성을 알아보기 위해 빈도분석을 실시하였고, 변인간의 상관관계를 위해 상관관계분석을 실시하여 다중공선성의 문제를 확인하였다. 또한 조절효과를 검증하기 위해 Andrew F. Hayes가 개발한 Process Macro 프로그램을 활용하여 분석하였다. 결과: 연구결과 첫째, 운동선수들의 통제동기는 도핑 의도에 정적으로 유의한 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 둘째, 자율성은 도핑 의도에 부적인 영향을 나타냈다. 셋째, 통제동기와 자율성의 곱으로 이루어진 상호작용항은 도핑 의도에 유의한 영향을 미침으로써 조절효과가 있는 것으로 나타났다. 즉, 국내 운동선수들이 지각하는 통제동기가 도핑 의도에 미치는 영향은 자율성 수준에 따라 달라진다는 것을 의미한다. 결론: 스포츠 현장에서 최상의 결과를 얻기 위해 선수들의 부정행위, 도핑과 같은 비도덕적 행동이 지속적으로 나타나고 있다. 운동선수들이 도핑환경에 노출되지 않기 위해서는 심리적 자유를 선택하는 경험을 할 수 있도록 해야 하며 타인으로부터 지시된 행동, 인정받기위한 참가행동이 아닌 능동적인 의사결정을 통해 훈련에 참가할 수 있도록 노력해야 한다. 또한, 지속적인 도핑방지 프로그램의 교육을 통해 선수 스스로가 중요성을 인식하고, 나아가 자발적인 도핑방지교육 참여를 위한 다양한 프로그램을 개발 및 보급을 고려해야 할 것이다. Purpose: The purpose of this study, first, was to identify doping intentions from cognitive factors perceived in athletes' training situations, thereby overcoming the temptation of doping and strengthening the control of the players themselves. The second purpose was to determine the moderating effect of autonomy in the relationship between controlled motivation and doping intentions. Methods: A total of 450 athletes were selected using the purposive sampling method. For the analyses, frequency analysis, descriptive statistics analysis, correlation analysis, and moderation analysis were conducted using the SPSS 23.0, and the Process macro model 1. Results: The controlled motivation of athletes had a significant influence on their intention of doping. Second, autonomy has a negative impact on doping intentions. Third, the interaction consisting of the multiplication of controlled motivation and autonomy were shown to have a moderating effect on the doping intention. Conclusion: In order to achieve the best results in the sports field, immoral behaviors such as cheating and doping by athletes are continuously appearing. In order not to be exposed to the doping environment, athletes should be allowed to experience choosing psychological freedom and try to participate in training through active decision-making, not actions directed by others and participatory actions to be recognized.

Polycrystalline silicon thin films prepared by Ni silicide induced crystallization and the dopant effects on the crystallization

Shanglong Peng,Na Feng,Duokai Hu,Deyan He,변창우,이용우,주승기 한국물리학회 2012 Current Applied Physics Vol.12 No.6

Intrinsic and doped polycrystalline silicon thin films were grown by the Ni silicide seeds induced crystallization. The Ni first reacted to Si forming a silicide seeds, then these seeds act as nuclei, from which the grains start to grow laterally. Compared with traditional Ni induced lateral crystallization, polycrystalline silicon thin filmwas grown by Ni silicide induced crystallization with low Ni contamination and large grain sizes. It can be found that the Ni silicide induced crystallization rate is accelerated by p-type doping and is decelerated by n-type doping. And the slightly and strongly phosphorous-doped polycrystalline silicon can be obtained with different grain shapes. Also, the sheet resistance of doped polycrystalline silicon decreases with the increasing of the doping atoms. A reasonable explanation is presented for the dopant effects on the growth rate, microstructure and electronic properties of the samples. Intrinsic and doped polycrystalline silicon thin films were grown by the Ni silicide seeds induced crystallization. The Ni first reacted to Si forming a silicide seeds, then these seeds act as nuclei, from which the grains start to grow laterally. Compared with traditional Ni induced lateral crystallization, polycrystalline silicon thin filmwas grown by Ni silicide induced crystallization with low Ni contamination and large grain sizes. It can be found that the Ni silicide induced crystallization rate is accelerated by p-type doping and is decelerated by n-type doping. And the slightly and strongly phosphorous-doped polycrystalline silicon can be obtained with different grain shapes. Also, the sheet resistance of doped polycrystalline silicon decreases with the increasing of the doping atoms. A reasonable explanation is presented for the dopant effects on the growth rate, microstructure and electronic properties of the samples.

Enhancement of the Thermoelectric Figure of Merit in n-type Cu0.008Bi2Te2.7Se0.3 by Using Nb Doping

이규형,Byungki Ryu,박희정,Kimoon Lee,노종욱,김상일,황성우,최순목,김종영,Jeong Hoon Lee,임재홍,김성웅 한국물리학회 2016 THE JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSICAL SOCIETY Vol.68 No.1

Doping with foreign atom has been shown to be an effective way to enhance the dimensionless figure of merit ZT of Bi2Te3-based thermoelectric raw materials. Herein, we report that doping with Nb is effective in enhancing the Seebeck coefficient of n-type Cu0.008Bi2Te2.7Se0.3 polycrystalline bulks. Considering compensation of the Seebeck coefficient due to decrease of the electrical conductivity in Nb-doped compositions, the absolute value of Seebeck coefficient rather increased benefiting from an enhancement of the density of states (DOS) effective mass m from 1.09m0 (Cu0.008Bi2Te2.7Se0.3) to 1.21m0 − 1.27m0 (Cu0.008Bi2−xNbxTe2.7Se0.3) due to a DOS engineering effect. The values of ZT were 0.84 at 300 K and 0.86 at 320 K for Cu0.008Bi1.99Nb0.01Te2.7Se0.3. This compositional tuning approach highlights the possibility of further enhancement of ZT for n-type Bi2Te3-based compounds by using a combination of nanostructuring technologies to reduce the thermal conductivity.

Doped Two-dimensional Semiconductor Superlattice: Photo-stimulated Quantum Thermo-magnetoelectric Effects under the Influence of a Confined Phonon

Bau Nguyen Quang,Quynh Nguyen Thi Lam,Ba Cao Thi Vi,Hung Le Thai 한국물리학회 2020 THE JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSICAL SOCIETY Vol.77 No.12

Photo-stimulated quantum thermo-magnetoelectric effects in doped two-dimensional semiconductor superlattices, including the photo-stimulated quantum Ettingshausen effect and the photo-stimulated quantum Peltier effect, have been theoretically studied by using the quantum kinetic equation method. In this work, we assume that the electron-confined acoustic phonon scattering is essential. Moreover, the presence of the laser radiation (LR) is also taken into account to determine the influence of confined phonons on the aforementioned effects. We have defined the analytical expressions for the kinetic tensors and the Ettingshausen and the Peltier coefficients, presented the numerically calculated the theoretical results for the GaAs:Si/GaAs:Be doped semiconductor superlattice and compared them with these for the case of an unconfined acoustic phonon. The results obtained indicated that the formulas for the kinetic tensors, the Ettingshausen coefficient (EC) and the Peltier coefficient (PC) contain the quantum number m specifying the confinement of a phonon and approach the results for an unconfined phonon as m goes to zero. We found that the kinetic tensors, the EC and the PC oscillate with changing magnetic field and that the confinement of a phonon causes a shift of the peaks in these oscillations to lower energy. The dependences of both EC and PC on the temperature were found to be nonlinear. Moreover, all the coefficients level off when the temperature was less than 4.5 K or greater than 5.5 K. The EC also depended on the doping concentration in a nonlinear way and reaches a positive constant value when the semiconductor superlattice was doped with a high concentration. Most of the numerical results showed that the magnitude of the tensors, the EC as well as the PC, within a confined acoustic phonon varie significantly in comparison with the unconfined phonon case. This means that the confinement of the phonon affects the thermo-magnetoelectric effect quantitatively and qualitatively. These results contribute to completing the theory of the thermo-magnetoelectric effects in the low-dimensional semiconductor systems.

Chemical doping of MoS ₂ multilayer by p-toluene sulfonic acid

Andleeb, Shaista,Kumar Singh, Arun,Eom, Jonghwa TaylorFrancis 2015 SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY OF ADVANCED MATERIALS Vol.16 No.3

<P>We report the tailoring of the electrical properties of mechanically exfoliated multilayer (ML) molybdenum disulfide (MoS<SUB>2</SUB>) by chemical doping. Electrical charge transport and Raman spectroscopy measurements revealed that the p-toluene sulfonic acid (PTSA) imposes n-doping in ML MoS<SUB>2</SUB>. The shift of threshold voltage for ML MoS<SUB>2</SUB> transistor was analyzed as a function of reaction time. The threshold voltage shifted toward more negative gate voltages with increasing reaction time, which indicates an n-type doping effect. The shift of the Raman peak positions was also analyzed as a function of reaction time. PTSA treatment improved the field-effect mobility by a factor of ~4 without degrading the electrical characteristics of MoS<SUB>2</SUB> devices.</P>

Cu 첨가에 따른 p-type Bi0.5Sb1.5Te3 및 Bi0.4Sb1.6Te3 합금의 양극성 전도 저감 효과

조현준,김현식,손웅희,김상일 대한금속·재료학회 2020 대한금속·재료학회지 Vol.58 No.6

In this study, we report how Cu doping can modify the thermoelectric performance of p-type Bi0.5Sb1.5Te3 and Bi0.4Sb1.6Te3 thermoelectric alloys, including their electronic and thermal transport properties. For electronic transport, the power factors of both Bi0.5Sb1.5Te3 and Bi0.4Sb1.6Te3 compositions were increased by Cu doping. The origins of the enhanced power factors were examined using a single parabolic band model, by estimating the changes in deformation potential, effective mass, nondegenerate mobility and weighted mobility in both valence and conduction bands. The weighted mobility of the valence band was increased by Cu doping and increased Sb ratio, while the weighted mobility of the conduction band decreased, suggesting bipolar conduction was greatly reduced. For thermal transport, Cu0.0075Bi0.4Sb1.6Te3 and Bi0.4Sb1.6Te3 had a lower lattice thermal conductivity than Cu0.0075Bi0.5Sb1.5Te3 and Bi0.5Sb1.5Te3, respectively, due to an increase in Umklapp scattering. In addition, Cu doping suppressed bipolar thermal conductivity at high temperatures, by increasing hole concentration. It was also confirmed that Cu-doped samples had a lower lattice thermal conductivity than undoped samples due to additional point defect scattering. As a result, the thermoelectric figure of merit (zT) was greatly enhanced by 0.0075 mol of Cu doping, from 0.80 to 1.11 in Bi0.5Sb1.5Te3, while the zT is increased from 1.0 to 1.05 for Bi0.4Sb1.6Te3.

Negative capacitance phenomena depending on the wake-up effect in the ferroelectric Si:HfO₂ film

Park, Sanghyun,Chun, Min Chul,Park, Solmin,Park, Ga-yeon,Jung, Moonyoung,Noh, Youngji,Ahn, Seung-Eon,Kang, Bo Soo Elsevier 2019 Current Applied Physics Vol.19 No.3

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>Negative capacitance (NC) phenomena is recently suggested as a breakthrough that can lead to the improved transistor by decreasing the subthreshold swing. To understand the NC phenomena, we investigated the effects of the ferroelectric properties such as the remnant polarization depending on the switching cycles in Si-doped HfO<SUB>2</SUB> thin film capacitor. The ferroelectric properties were controlled by using the wake-up effect, in which the remnant polarization enhances as the number of switching cycles increase. The relation between the wake-up effect and the voltage drop region with the negative differential capacitance were elucidated. The dynamic hysteresis loops were fitted based on Landau-Khalatnikov equation, and the free energy as a function of polarization was obtained. The Landau coefficients showed that the double-well feature of the free energy becomes more apparent due to the wake-up. Based on the wake-up effect on NC phenomena, we show that the NC phenomena is well described by Landau-Ginzburg theory of ferroelectrics.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> Relation between negative capacitance and ferroelectric properties explained based on Landau theory. </LI> <LI> Wake-up effects explained based on Landau theory. </LI> <LI> Effective control of ferroelectric properties using wake-up effect. </LI> </UL> </P>