Processing semantic and phonological factors in derivational morphology by Korean L2 learners of English

Myung-Kwan Park,Wonil Chung 경희대학교 언어정보연구소 2012 언어연구 Vol.29 No.3

This paper examines L2 processing of derivational morphology in English. Derivational morphology in English is known to differ from inflectional morphology, in that unlike the latter whose well-known example is regular and irregular verbal morphology, the former varies in light of regularity. That is, derivational morphology does not display a categorical, regular and irregular distinction, but involves semantic and phonological/phonetic factors in shaping its various word structures. We focus on these aspects of derivational morphology to examine how Korean L2 learners of English comprehend semantic and phonological factors in processing derivational morphology. We use the event-related potentials (ERPs) paradigm to capture the finer-grained time course of processing it. It is shown in this paper that L2 learners of English start with processing both simple and derivationally complex words on the phonological level, as can be seen from the finding that only phonological/phonetic priming effects arise in the early N400 time window (324-400㎳). But at the immediately following stage of processing they engage in processing derivationally complex words on the semantic level, as can be seen from the finding that only semantic priming effects arise in the late time interval (400-476㎳). Since for L1 native speakers this semantic processing in fact starts in the early N400 time window, L2 learners of English are taken to be a little slower than LI native speakers in processing derivationally complex words. Furthermore, unlike L1 native speakers, the L2 learners are found to have difficulty in understanding cumulative features of semantic and phonological/phonetic properties in processing morphologically related words.

Processing semantic and phonological factors in derivational morphology by Korean L2 learners of English: An ERP cross-modal priming study

박명관,정원일 경희대학교 언어정보연구소 2012 언어연구 Vol.29 No.3

This paper examines L2 processing of derivational morphology in English. Derivational morphology in English is known to differ from inflectional morphology, in that unlike the latter whose well-known example is regular and irregular verbal morphology, the former varies in light of regularity. That is, derivational morphology does not display a categorical, regular and irregular distinction, but involves semantic and phonological/phonetic factors in shaping its various word structures. We focus on these aspects of derivational morphology to examine how Korean L2 learners of English comprehend semantic and phonological factors in processing derivational morphology. We use the event-related potentials (ERPs) paradigm to capture the finer-grained time course of processing it. It is shown in this paper that L2 learners of English start with processing both simple and derivationally complex words on the phonological level, as can be seen from the finding that only phonological/phonetic priming effects arise in the early N400 time window (324-400ms). But at the immediately following stage of processing they engage in processing derivationally complex words on the semantic level, as can be seen from the finding that only semantic priming effects arise in the late time interval (400-476ms). Since for L1 native speakers this semantic processing in fact starts in the early N400 time window, L2 learners of English are taken to be a little slower than L1 native speakers in processing derivationally complex words. Furthermore, unlike L1 native speakers, the L2 learners are found to have difficulty in understanding cumulative features of semantic and phonological/phonetic properties in processing morphologically related words.

The effect of explicit instruction on derivational morphological awareness amongst Iranian EFL learners

Forough Amirjalili,Ali Akbar Jabbari,Mohammad Javad Rezai 경희대학교 언어정보연구소 2018 언어연구 Vol.35 No.S

The explicit instruction on derivational morphology has attracted little attention as an object of effective EFL teaching method. The current study attempted to investigate the impact of morphological instruction on relational, syntactic and distributional aspects of derivational morphology amongst intermediate EFL learners. The participants were 129 lower/higher intermediate students, randomly assigned into experimental and control groups. The study had a pre-test-post-test quasi-experimental control group design. The results demonstrated that before the instruction there was a significant difference in each of the three aspects of derivational morphology and distributional aspect was the lowest score amongst the three aspects. The experimental groups outperformed the control groups on all three tasks assessing derivational morphology. For lower intermediate experimental group, syntactic aspect was more susceptible to instruction and for the higher intermediate experimental group it was the distributional aspect. The results also demonstrated that morphological instruction can benefit lower level of proficiency to a higher degree. The findings of the present study imply the merits of explicit morphological instruction on derivational morphology by isolating each aspect and observing the sequence of their presentation to EFL learners.

한국어 형태론의 문제점과 그 대안

최명옥 서강대학교 인문과학연구소 2007 서강인문논총 Vol.22 No.-

이 논문은 구조주의 형태론Structural Morphology과 생성형태론Generative Morphology 을 바탕으로 한 한국어 형태론의 문제점에 대해서 논의하고 한국어 형태론에 대한 필자의 견해를 제시함을 목적으로 한다. 이 논문에서 제시한 한국어 형태론에 대한 필자의 견해는 다음과 같다. ‘파생어’나 ‘합성어’ 등을 포함한 모든 단어는 역사적인 산물이므로 모두 어휘부에 등재되어 있다고 해야 한다. 그러므로 한국어 형태론은 공시형태론Synchronic Morphology과 통시형태론Diachronic Morphology(또는 역사형태론Historical Morphology)으로 구분하는 것이 좋다. 공시형태론에서는 ‘활용conjugation’과 ‘곡용declension’에 관여하는 언어요소들linguistic elements이, 통시형태론에서는 단어를 구성하는 언어요소들이 논의의 대상이 되어야 한다. 단어는 모두 공시형태소synchronic morpheme에 속하며 단어의 구성요소들은 모두 통시형태소diachronic morpheme에 속한다. 그리고 형태소는 그것의 이형태allomorph를 합리적으로 도출할 수 있는 단일형unique form으로 표시되어야 한다. The purpose of this paper is to discuss the problems with Korean morphology, which is based on structural morphology and generative morphology, and to show my opinions as a suitable alternative. The point I want to make is that every words including 'derivative' and ‘compound’ words are to be registered in lexicon, because words are historical products. Therefore, I propose to devide Korean morphology into two branches; Synchronic Morphology and Diachronic Morphology (or Historical Morphology). In synchronic morphology, the object of study should be the linguistic elements participated in conjugation and declension, and in diachronic morphology, it should be the linguistic elements forming words. All words belong to synchronic morpheme and all word formative elements belong to diachronic morpheme. In addition, a morpheme must be represented as a unique form from which derived its allomorphs reasonably.

Effects of linguistic and usage-based factors on children`s acquisition of English derivational morphology

( Jong Sup Jun ) 경희대학교 언어연구소 2014 언어연구 Vol.31 No.2

Children must learn the variation in morphological productivity based on limited inputs. Previous studies have suggested several factors in the acquisition of derivational morphology. Some scholars have focused on semantic and phonological transparency, whereas others emphasize the role of input frequency. This paper explores the factors that influence children`s acquisition and use of English derivational morphology. For this, we analyzed children`s production of derived words in a million-word corpus taken from the CHILDES database. The data came from the voluntary production of derived words by 469 individuals at age 3-10. We extracted 7,234 derived words that were instances of 704 derivative types from the corpus, and conducted multiple regression analyses by using Baayen`s (1993) hapax-conditioned degree of productivity as a function of several linguistic and usage-based factors. The results indicate that the family frequency of an affix in the input plays the most important role in the regression model, and that semantic and phonological transparency has only limited effects on the total variation. In particular, we discuss how a single principle can explain children`s performance on derivational morphology at all ages, and how our new conception of continuity supports the view that language development should be constrained by both linguistic and usage-based factors. (Hankuk University of Foreign Studies)

Effects of linguistic and usage-based factors on children’s acquisition of English derivational morphology

전종섭 경희대학교 언어정보연구소 2014 언어연구 Vol.31 No.2

Children must learn the variation in morphological productivity based on limited inputs. Previous studies have suggested several factors in the acquisition of derivational morphology. Some scholars have focused on semantic and phonological transparency, whereas others emphasize the role of input frequency. This paper explores the factors that influence children’s acquisition and use of English derivational morphology. For this, we analyzed children’s production of derived words in a million-word corpus taken from the CHILDES database. The data came from the voluntary production of derived words by 469 individuals at age 3-10. We extracted 7,234 derived words that were instances of 704 derivative types from the corpus, and conducted multiple regression analyses by using Baayen’s (1993) hapax-conditioned degree of productivity as a function of several linguistic and usage-based factors. The results indicate that the family frequency of an affix in the input plays the most important role in the regression model, and that semantic and phonological transparency has only limited effects on the total variation. In particular, we discuss how a single principle can explain children’s performance on derivational morphology at all ages, and how our new conception of continuity supports the view that language development should be constrained by both linguistic and usage-based factors.

Children's Syntactic Knowledge of English Derivational Morphology: Evidence from Early Suffixes

전종섭 한국언어학회 2011 언어 Vol.36 No.4

Jun, Jong Sup. 2011. Children's Syntactic Knowledge of English Derivational Morphology: Evidence from Early Suffixes. Korean Journal of Linguistics, 36-4, 1053-1073. Previous studies on the acquisition of English derivational morphology suggest that children acquire the syntactic knowledge of derivational morphemes after Grade 4 in elementary school; that is, children do not learn the parts of speech (POS) change between a root and its affixed form (e.g. drive  driver) until they become nine years old. On the contrary, the present study explores preschool children's knowledge of English derivational morphology, and shows that children have some syntactic knowledge at age 3-5. The evidence comes from English-speaking children's use of so called early suffixes, i.e. -er/or, -ie, and -y. We extracted preschool children's derivatives from the HSLLD corpus (Dickinson & Tabors, 2001) in the CHILDES database (MacWhinney & Snow, 1985). We then cross-classified the words in terms of children's age, the semantic transparency, the POS change, and the suffix type. The log-linear regression analysis shows that preschool children use derivational suffixes following the generalization that is sensitive to the POS of the derived words. This finding supports the view that children have the implicit syntactic knowledge of derivational morphology during the preschool years. (Hankuk University of Foreign Studies)

수 분류사 구성과 파생접사 결합형의 구조와 기능

이영제(Young Je Lee) 한국어학회 2011 한국어학 Vol.53 No.-

This paper aims to examine the structure and the function of the numeral classifier construction which is included with the derivational suffix in Korean. In addition to that, this paper will exhibit the differences between the numeral classifier constructions with derivational suffixes by the syntactic process and those by the norphological process. Most previous studies focused en describing the types of suffixes that can be added to the numeral classifiers, or the properties of those suffixes. This paper is mainly concerned with the combinations of numeral classifier constructions and derivational suffixes. Usually the derivational suffix undergoes the derivation by morphological process, in fact, however, we can conclude that the majority of the numeral classifier constructions with derivational suffixes are related to syntactic affixations by syntactic process. Thai is, the derivational suffixes arc added to the constructions of the numeral classifiers: ``-karyang(假量), -yong(用), and -jeom(店)``. Nevertheless, a minority of the numeral classifier constructions with derivational suffixes are related to morphological derivations: the constructions with ``-seng(生), -san(産), and -seung(昇)``. Differences between syntactic construction and morphological construction are suggested whether the empty category(slot) of the head noun can be established in the numeral classifier construction with a derivational suffix or net: the syntactic construction consists of the empty category of head noun in the numeral classifier construction, whereas the morphological construction does not.

Korean Base Vowel Shortening as Multiple Exponence in Derivational Morphology

이성화 대한언어학회 2015 언어학 Vol.23 No.1

This paper studies Korean vowel shortening (VS) in verb/adjective bases triggered by suffixes and proposes that VS in derivational morphology is in fact Multiple Exponence (ME). I argue that VS should be treated differently in inflectional and derivational morphology. In inflectional morphology, on the one hand, VS-triggering suffixes show a phonologically conditioned regular pattern. In derivational morphology, on the other hand, VS occurs when followed by a lexically specified suffix. In this case, I propose that a triggering suffix and a base modification together constitute ME. To distinguish ME from phonologically conditioned morphophonological processes, I propose four criteria for ME, examining properties of ME studied on Matthews (1972). VS in derivational morphology is examined through these criteria, and I conclude that VS and an accompanying-suffix constitute ME in Korean.

Korean Base Vowel Shortening as Multiple Exponence in Derivational Morphology

( Sunghwa Lee ) 대한언어학회 2015 언어학 Vol.23 No.1

This paper studies Korean vowel shortening (VS) in verb/adjective bases triggered by suffixes and proposes that VS in derivational morphology is in fact Multiple Exponence (ME). I argue that VS should be treated differently in inflectional and derivational morphology. In inflectional morphology, on the one hand, VS-triggering suffixes show a phonologically conditioned regular pattern. In derivational morphology, on the other hand, VS occurs when followed by a lexically specified suffix. In this case, I propose that a triggering suffix and a base modification together constitute ME. To distinguish :ME from phonologically conditioned rnorphophonological processes, I propose four criteria for :ME, examining properties of :ME studied on Matthews (1972). VS in derivational morphology is examined through these criteria, and I conclude that VS and an accompanying-suffix constitute ME in Korean.