日本語学習者のための聞き手再認識化用法に関する一考察 - 「だろう」と「でしょう」の共起する形式を対象に -

권성 일본어문학회 2019 일본어문학 Vol.87 No.-

本研究では聞き手の認識を再び活性化させる再認識化用法の「だろう」と「でしょう」がどのような形式や表現と共起しているのかを考察した。「だろう」と「でしょう」の再認識化1の場合は動詞が多く使われ、現在形と過去形もほぼ同じ割合で見られた。また「見ろ」「だって」「ほら」「さっき」などの表現が共起していた。「だろう」と「でしょう」の再認識化2の場合は動詞と 「じゃない」や「わけない」のような否定形式が多く使われていた。また、聞き手を再認識化させるために付随的な役割をしている表現で「だって/(だ)から/なんて/仮定表現」などがよく共起していた。「だろう」と「でしょう」の再認識化3の場合は主に動詞と名詞が使われていたが、動詞の中でも 「言った(「言っている」と「言っていた」を含む)」という動詞が46文現れていた。また「って」という表現も34文で共起していた。「って」以外にも「だから(文頭の「だから」)」「だって」「いつも」「前にも」「何度も」などのような表現が共起していたが、これらの表現も再認識化3の用法として機能するのに付随的な役割をしていると考えられる。また、再認識化3の場合に名詞が使われる場合もあったが、殆んどが聞き手の職業や立場などを表している名詞であった。学習者は「だろう」と「でしょう」を学習する際に再認識化用法でこのような形式や表現が共起する傾向があることを学習しておくと、実際の会話の場面で役に立つと考えられる。 In this study, we analyze the usages of darou and deshou to reactivate the hearer’s recognition, especially its concurrent patterns with other forms or expressions. For the usage 1 of darou and deshou to reactivate the hearer’s recognition, verbs are most frequently used, with almost the same frequency rates both in present and past tenses. Furthermore, they are concurrent with expressions such as miro, datte, hora, and sakki. For the usage 2 of darou and deshou to reactivate the hearer’s recognition, the most frequently attested forms are verbs and negative forms such as janai and wakenai. They are also frequently concurrent with expressions which concomitantly reactivate the hearer’s recognition, such as datte, (da)kara, nante, and hypothetical expressions. For the usage 3 of darou and deshou to reactivate the hearer’s recognition, verbs and nouns are mainly employed; in particular, there are 46 sentences in which the verbal forms itta (including itteiru and itteita) appear. Also, there are 34 sentences where tte appears. Apart from tte, other concurrent expressions include sentence-initial dakara, datte, itsumo, maenimo, and nandomo, and these expressions also serve to instantiate the usage 3 of darou and deshou to reactivate the hearer’s recognition. Moreover, nouns are used in the case of the usage 3 of darou and deshou to reactivate the hearer’s recognition, and they mostly denote the hearer’s occupation or title. These research findings, especially those concerning the concurrent patterns of darou and deshou, would help learners of Japanese to communicate with people in actual conversational settings.

日韓両言語の確認要求表現「よね」·「だろう」と「지」の対照研究

金秀榮(Kim, Su-Young) 대한일어일문학회 2016 일어일문학 Vol.69 No.-

In this paper, if the information belongs to both the speaker and listener, from the viewpoint of whether the subject to request of the superiority relationship confirm the amount of information there what, confirmation request expression of Japan and South Korea both languages 「yone」「darou」and 「ji」I found out what kind of similarities and differences. In the confirmation of the decision and information, 「yone」and 「ji」includes, but is also used if to confirm many times the listener the same thing just in case, to 「darou」is not that sense usage. In the Share induction of information, 「yone」 「darou」and 「ji」is, or have forgotten listener, speaker reminded that you have not yet noticed, are induced to share the information. In recognition induction of decision and information, 「darou」and 「ji」includes, but is speaker that already has the recognition is used when it is induced to recognize in the same way as the speaker to listener, meaning would change only when you"ll 「yone」. In consent request, 「yone」isin a situation which is considered to have the same recognition also to the other party, the speaker is sure that his recognition is also a recognition of the other party, are seeking consent, agree. However, 「darou」is not that sense usage.

推測表現の語用論的な用法の日韓對照硏究 -「だろう/はずだ/かもしれない」を中心に-

権城 한국일본어문학회 2018 日本語文學 Vol.77 No.-

The present research studied the Korean equivalent of the Japanese expressions, だろう(daoru), はずだ(hazuda), and かもしれない(kamoshirenai) in their pragmatical usage. The result was that the the Korean expression -잖(janh)- was used as the equivalent of Re-evaluation 1 of だろう(darou) but -지(ji) was also used when the listener was led to re-evaluate a content that was presented before him. The Korean expression -잖(janh)- was used as the equivalent of the Re-evaluation 2 and the Re-evaluation 3 of だろう(darou), but -잖(janh)-, rather than being a simple confirmation, served as a one-sided speech or a criticism or an indication of liability. -텐데(tende) was used in the place of the Re-evaluation 3 of はずだ(hazuda). When the dependent clauses of ~けど(kedo) of だろう(darou) indicate an introduction, an objection or an agreement of opinion, the Korean expression -겠(gess)- was used. On the other hand, when the dependent clauses of かもしれな い(kamoshirenai) of だろう(darou) indicate an introduction, an objection or an agreement of opinion, the Korean expressions -겠(gess)- as well as -지도 모르다(jidomoreuda) were used. In the situations where the judgment of the speaker pertained to the speaker himself or where the speaker was referring to the utterance of the listener, the speaker could speak conclusively.

日韓対照研究の一考察 -「だろう」「かも(しれない)」「はずだ」を対象に-

?城(Kwon, Seong) 한국일본문화학회 2019 日本文化學報 Vol.0 No.82

When conducting a comparative study of Japanese and Korean, many studies have concluded that "some form of Japanese corresponds to some form of Korean". Recent comparative studies show that the corresponding forms appear in several forms, not just one. However, Korean learners studying Japanese have a strong perception that ‘Japanese and Korean are alike’ and tend to correspond one-to-one with Korean expressions similar to Japanese grammar elements. Therefore, this study examined how the Japanese speculative forms of 「だろう(Darou), かも(しれない)(Kamo(shirenai)), and はずだ(Hazuda)」appear in Korean form of expressions and the Korean form appearing by each usage. It is concluded that Korean learners of Japanese will be able to deeply understand speculative expressions in Japanese by looking at the usage of Korean form being translated.

「だろう」と「かも(しれない)」の語用論 的な用法文の情報優位 - 情報のなわ張り理論に基づいて-

權城 한국일본어문학회 2019 日本語文學 Vol.80 No.-

Japanese speculative expressions are expressions that a speaker assumes and uses on some grounds. Derived from such speculative methods, speculative expressions are also used to avoid the conclusion or when describing a listener or other person. In Japanese, however, when describing things related to the listener or other person, it is often the case that a sentence is incorrect if the speculative expression is not used. Thus, in this study, 「だろう(darou)」と「かも(しれない)(kamo(sirenai))」sentences used for pragmatic usages among Japanese speculative expressions were studied based on the theory of territory of information. Thus, what information is the speaker's information or the listener's information and who has a lot of information were considered, and the superiority of information in the speaker and listener was analyzed. The results showed that an inequation different from the inequation explained with the theory of territory of information showed and the usage of re-recognition 1 and 2 of 「だろう(darou)」and the use of counterarguments and evasion of 「かも(しれな い)(kamo(sirenai))」could be re-classified. Such results do not deny the theory of territory of information. This analysis will help Japanese language learners understand in which situations Japanese speculative expressions are used and it is anticipated that this will be used in the field of Japanese language education in the future.

日韓両言語の確認要求表現 「-だろう」ㆍ「-ではないか」と「-지」ㆍ「-잖」の対照研究 -副詞との共起関係を中心に-

金秀榮,安秉坤 단국대학교 일본연구소 2011 일본학연구 Vol.32 No.-

본 연구는 일한 양국에서 방송된 TV드라마에서 사용된 확인요구표현 「だろう」·「ではないか」와 「-지」·「-잖」을 대상으로 부사의 공기관계에 대한 유사점과 상이점을 조사했다. 첫째, 부사「たぶん、おそらく、きっと」는 화자의 불확실한 판단을 청자에게 확인하는 경우,「だろう」와 「ではないか」 양쪽 다 공기가 가능하고, 「だろう」는 「ひょっとしたら」를 제외한 나머지 부사와 공기가 가능하다. 일본어에 대응하는 한국어 부사는 「-잖」과는 거의 공기하지 않고, 「-지」는 「아마, 설마, 혹시」와 공기가 가능하다. 둘째, 부사「どうせ」와 이것에 대응하는 한국어 부사 「어차피」는 화자의 불확실한 판단을 청자에게 확인하는 경우, 「だろう」·「-지」와 공기 가능하지만 「ではないか」·「-잖」과는 공기하지 않는다. 청자에게 화자와 같은 인식을 가지도록 요구하는 경우, 일본어 부사 「どうせ」는 「だろう」와 「ではないか」 양쪽 다 공기가 가능하지만, 한국어 부사 「어차피」는 「-잖」만이 공기가 가능하다. 셋째, 부사 「けっきょく」와 이에 대응하는 한국어 부사 「결국」은 청자에게 화자와 같은 인식을 가지도록 요구하는 경우, 「だろう」·「-지」와는 공기하지 않지만 「ではないか」·「-잖」과는 공기가 가능하다. 넷째 부사 「あきらかに」는 청자에게 화자와 같은 인식을 가지도록 요구하는 경우, 「ではないか」만이 공기가 가능하지만, 이것에 대응하는 한국어 부사「분명히」는「 -지」와 「-잖」 양쪽 다 공기가 가능하다. This study investigated similarities and differences of concurrence relationships of adverbs based on 「だろう」·「ではないか」and「-지」·「-잖」that were used in TV shows in Korea and Japan. First, when adverbs 「たぶん、おそらく、きっと」are used in a case where the speaker confirms their uncertain judgment to the listener, then they are concurrent with both「だろう」and「ではないか」, and 「だろう」is concurrent with last of the adverbs except 「ひょっとしたら」. Korean adverbs that correspond to Japanese ones, only rarely concur with「-잖」, but 「-지」can be concurrent with「아마, 설마, 혹시」. Second, the adverb 「どうせ」and the Korean adverb that corresponds 「어차피」can be concurrent when the speaker is confirming their uncertain judgment to a listener; however, they do not concur with 「ではないか」·「-잖」. When it asks a listener to have the same cognition as the speaker, the Japanese adverb 「どうせ」is concurrent with both 「だろう」 and 「ではないか」; however, the Korean adverb 「어차피」 is only concurrent with 「-잖」. Third, when it asks a listener to have the same cognition as the speaker, the adverb 「けっきょく」and the Korean adverb that corresponds to it, 「결국」 are not concurrent with「だろう」·「-지」; however, they are concurrent with「ではないか」·「-잖」. Fourth, the adverb 「あきらかに」 is only concurrent with 「ではないか」when it asks a listener to have the same cognition as the speaker; however, the Korean adverb 「분명히」that corresponds to it can be concurrent with both 「-지」and「-잖」.

韓日両言語の確認要求表現「だろう」·「ではないか」と「-지」·「-잖」の意味機能

金秀榮,安秉坤 대한일어일문학회 2010 일어일문학 Vol.47 No.-