Unraveling the intricate biodiversity of the benthic harpacticoid genus <i>Nannopus</i> (Copepoda, Harpacticoida, Nannopodidae) in Korean waters

Vakati, Vinod,Eyun, Seong-il,Lee, Wonchoel Elsevier 2019 Molecular phylogenetics and evolution Vol.130 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P> <I>Nannopus</I> (Harpacticoida, Nannopodidae) species are abundant and widely distributed throughout the world across a variety of habitats. <I>Nannopus</I> is well known for high frequencies of misidentifications and thus may comprise several cryptic complexes and morphologically distinct species. Cryptic taxa are common in meiofauna communities. In this study, we aimed to identify <I>Nannopus</I> species using an integrative approach including molecular taxonomy. We adopted a non-destructive DNA extraction method so that morphological and molecular data could be obtained from the same specimen. We analyzed the molecular diversity and distributions of <I>Nannopus</I> using a total of 190 individuals. We sequenced the 190 mtCOI, 53 mtCYTB, 25 18SrDNA, and 43 28SrDNA genes from 190 individuals. Several species delimitation approaches were applied, including uncorrected <I>p</I>-distances for mtCOI, mtCYTB, 18SrDNA, and 28SrDNA, and Automatic Barcode Gap Discovery and Bayesian implemented Poisson tree processes for mtCOI and mtCYTB data. The maximum likelihood and Bayesian approaches were used to examine the phylogenetic relationships among individuals using the combined set of all four genes. Our species delimitation and phylogenetic analyses indicated the presence of three cryptic and six morphologically distinct species. All species are sympatric and widely distributed across mudflats ranging from the Yellow Sea to the South Sea in Korea. The divergence patterns of the four genes were not congruent. A phylogenetic tree based on the concatenated dataset was the most robust, was congruent with morphology, and suggested two major clades. We considered the validity of reinstating the genus <I>Ilyophilus</I> (Lilljeborg, 1902) and ultimately concluded that including all congeners in <I>Nannopus</I> until the type species (<I>N. palustris</I> Brady, 1880) is re-described was the most prudent approach.</P> <P><B>Highlights:</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> Korean <I>Nannopus</I> diversity is complex, including sympatric cryptic species. </LI> <LI> A non-destructive DNA extraction method was used to study Korean <I>Nannopus</I> species. </LI> <LI> Molecular taxonomy aided the identification of both cryptic and morphologically distinct species. </LI> <LI> There is little divergence in 18SrDNA and 28SrDNA lineages among some morphologically distinct species. </LI> <LI> Multigene phylogenies yielded better taxonomic resolution than single gene phylogenies. </LI> </UL> </P> <P><B>Graphical abstract</B></P> <P>[DISPLAY OMISSION]</P>

Cryptic species diversity of the red algal genus Callophyllis (Kallymeniaceae, Gigartinales) from Korea

Lee, Hyung Woo,Kim, Myung Sook The Ecological Society of Korea 2014 Journal of Ecology and Environment Vol.37 No.4

The genus Callophyllis is recorded as six separate species with imprecise species delimitation in Korea. To elucidate the species boundaries of Korean Callophyllis, we performed morphological observations and molecular analyses, and included three Japanese Callophyllis species from the type locality. From the results of molecular analyses using plastid rbcL and mitochondrial COI-5P genes, we confirmed ten Callophyllis species, including five cryptic ones: C. adhaerens, C. adnata, C. crispata, and C. japonica from Korea and Japan; C. hayamensis as an unrecorded species from Korea; C. cartilaginea, C. mollitia, C. repens, C. serratifolia, and C. undulata as new species from Korea. There were no Korean specimens that matched C. adnata or C. crispata from Japan, except Korean C. japonica, which formed a genetic group with the Japanese species. We obtained the interspecific divergences among the five cryptic species as 0.6-4.5% in rbcL and 2.8-8.4% in COI-5P. We recognized that the species diversity of Callophyllis has been underestimated from the northwestern Pacific region. The species boundary of Callophyllis from Korea and Japan will be a cornerstone to revealing the phylogenetic affinity of the genus distributed in both hemispheres of the western Pacific.

Effect of calling songs on speciation of three cryptic cricket species (Genus Loxoblemmus) in Korea

Jaeha Ahn,Hyojoong Kim,Yikweon Jang 한국응용곤충학회 2010 한국응용곤충학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2010 No.10

Cryptic species are hardly distinguished by their morphology but reproductively isolated. To understand the evolution and speciation of cryptic species, differentiations between cryptic species should be studied using multiple approaches including morphological analysis. Two of three species under the genus Loxoblemmus in Korea are morphologically similar and may constitute the cryptic species. We studied the differentiations in morphology, calling songs, and genetic sequences to understand patterns of speciation in these three species. Although L.doenitzi was easily distinguished from the other two species based on morphology, the distributions of the number of file teeth and wing morphology overlapped in L. campestris and L. equestris. However, there were clear differentiations in some calling song characters among three cricket species. The number of pulses in a chirp was two in L.doenitzi and four in L. campestris, but that was greater than or equal to six in L. equestris. The genetic sequence analyses using 16S rRNA and COI barcode revealed that L. doenitzi diverged off earlier from the other two species. Calling songs of L. campestris and L. equestris largely differed in spite of their short divergence time. Our results suggest that the speciation processes may involve differentiation in calling songs in the Loxoblemmus complex.

Cryptic species diversity of the red algal genus Callophyllis (Kallymeniaceae, Gigartinales) from Korea

이형우,김명숙 한국생태학회 2014 Journal of Ecology and Environment Vol.37 No.4

The genus Callophyllis is recorded as six separate species with imprecise species delimitation in Korea. To elucidatethe species boundaries of Korean Callophyllis, we performed morphological observations and molecular analyses, andincluded three Japanese Callophyllis species from the type locality. From the results of molecular analyses using plastidrbcL and mitochondrial COI-5P genes, we confirmed ten Callophyllis species, including five cryptic ones: C. adhaerens,C. adnata, C. crispata, and C. japonica from Korea and Japan; C. hayamensis as an unrecorded species from Korea; C. cartilaginea, C. mollitia, C. repens, C. serratifolia, and C. undulata as new species from Korea. There were no Koreanspecimens that matched C. adnata or C. crispata from Japan, except Korean C. japonica, which formed a genetic groupwith the Japanese species. We obtained the interspecific divergences among the five cryptic species as 0.6–4.5% in rbcLand 2.8–8.4% in COI-5P. We recognized that the species diversity of Callophyllis has been underestimated from the northwesternPacific region. The species boundary of Callophyllis from Korea and Japan will be a cornerstone to revealing thephylogenetic affinity of the genus distributed in both hemispheres of the western Pacific.

Genetic diversity and geographic distribution of the <i>Bemisia tabaci</i> species complex in Bangladesh

Khatun, M.F.,Jahan, S.M.H.,Lee, Sukchan,Lee, Kyeong-Yeoll Elsevier 2018 Acta Tropica Vol.187 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P> <I>Bemisia tabaci</I> (Gennadius) is a species complex consisting of at least 40 cryptic species. Although the genetic diversity of <I>B. tabaci</I> has been studied in various regions, little is known about distribution in Bangladesh, which is covered by the Bengal delta, the largest delta on Earth. We conducted an extensive survey throughout the country and determined the nucleotide sequence of mitochondrial cytochrome <I>c</I> oxidase subunit 1 (COI) from 110 individuals. We then examined phylogenetic relationships. The results identified four cryptic species that expressed distinct interspecific variation but low intraspecific variation. Asia I was the most abundant, both Asia II 1 and Asia II 5 were moderately abundant, and Asia II 10 was found only in the central region. COI sequences of each cryptic species were distinctive and differentiated into many haplotypes. Our study provides important information to better understand the genetic diversity and geographic distribution of cryptic species in Bangladesh and nearby countries.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> Genetic diversity of <I>Bemisia tabaci</I> was determined in Bangladesh. </LI> <LI> We identified four indigenous cryptic species but not MEAM1 and MED invasive cryptic species. </LI> <LI> Asia I was abundant, both Asia II 1 and Asia II 5 were moderate, and Asia II 10 was found only in the central region. </LI> <LI> Our study provides important information on the genetic diversity and geographic distribution of <I>B. tabaci</I> in Bangladesh. </LI> </UL> </P> <P><B>Graphical abstract</B></P> <P>[DISPLAY OMISSION]</P>

A New Cryptic Species of Genus Aphis (Hemiptera: Aphididae) Sharing Primary and Secondary Host with the Cotton-melon Aphid, Aphis gossypii Glover

Yerim Lee,Seunghwan Lee,Hyojoong Kim 한국응용곤충학회 2013 한국응용곤충학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2013 No.04

In terms of aphid species identification, both host plant association and morphological characteristics are crucial factors. However, aphids in the genus Aphis Linnaeus (Hemiptera: Aphididae) often are cryptic in morphology due to their rapid radiation. Moreover, overlapping host plant species can make difficult situation worse. Three cryptic species Aphis gossypii Glover, Aphis glycines Matsumura, and Aphis rhamnicola sp. nov. occur together on the Buckthorn, Rhamnus spp. in the overwintering season in Korea. Due to lacking informative morphological characters and host plant sharing, the new species recently has been recognized as a distinct species. In this study, A. rhamnicola sp. nov. on various host plants was compared with the primary host sharing species, A. gossypii and A. glycines, based on morphological and molecular characteristics. In the results, there were significant genetic differences between three species, despite the high similarities in morphology. Our results provide strong evidence for establishing new species, which seems to be a typical heteroecious species that alternates between only primary host, Rhamnus spp., and various secondary hosts. We describe a new species, A. rhamnicola sp. nov., for apterous and alate vivipara, fundatrix, ovipara, and gynopara, including diagnostic key for host sharing species in genus Aphis.

Mitogenome evidence for the existence of cryptic species in Coelomactra antiquata

Yang Yuan,Lingfeng Kong,Qi Li 한국유전학회 2013 Genes & Genomics Vol.35 No.6

Cryptic species which improve our understanding of species diversity and evolutionary histories within marine animals have been increasingly revealed in the marine realm. Coelomactra antiquate is an important commercial bivalve species, but has been suffering from severe population decline due to over-exploitation and deterioration of environmental conditions. To test the hypothesis that cryptic species might exist in C. antiquate presented in previous study, four complete mitogenomes of C. antiquate from northern and southern China were determined here. Comprehensive comparative analysis of the mitochondrial genomes of C. antiquate between northern and southern population reveals significant differences in genome composition,protein coding genes, tRNA genes, non-coding regions, genetic divergence and phylogenetic analysis. The results provide strong mitogenome evidence for the existence of cryptic species in C. antiquate. Besides, our results also support that comprehensive comparative analysis of mtDNA represents an accessible and powerful tool to identify cryptic species.

Genetic diversity and geographic distribution of Bemisia tabaci species complex in Nepal

Acharya Rajendra,Kumar Shrestha Yam,Raj Sharma Sushant,이경열 한국응용곤충학회 2020 Journal of Asia-Pacific Entomology Vol.23 No.2

Bemisia tabaci species complex comprises at least 44 cryptic species worldwide. Here, we analyze the nucleotide sequences of mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase subunit 1 (COI) gene obtained from 76 samples of B. tabaci collected from 23 districts in Nepal. This is the first genetic and geographic study of B. tabaci species complex in Nepal. Our phylogenetic study identified the presence of three cryptic species—Asia I, Asia II 1, and Asia II 5—with high interspecific but low intraspecific variations. Among the three cryptic species, Asia II 5 was the most prevalent in Nepal, constituting 64.47% of all the sequenced samples. Based on haplotype network analysis of COI sequences, Asia II 1 was more genetically diversified than the other two cryptic species. Our results provided useful information on the genetic diversity and geographic distribution of B. tabaci in Nepal, which help monitor population changes of B. tabaci at cryptic species level and develop sustainable management strategies for its control.

Cryptic diversity in the subfamily Calaphidinae (Hemiptera: Aphididae) uncovered by DNA barcoding

Yerim Lee,Wonhoon Lee,Seunghwan Lee 한국응용곤충학회 2016 한국응용곤충학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2016 No.04

Generally, in aphid groups, taxonomically deficient characters and high level of morphological plasticity induced by environmental factors make difficulties for species identification. To solve these problems, DNA barcoding has been widely used for rapid and reliable species identification in aphids. The subfamily Calaphidinae is the second largest group in the family Aphididae with about 400 species belong to 59 genera. But so far, no trial of DNA barcoding has been conducted for the subfamily Calaphidinae. In this study, a total of 446 Cytochrome oxidase I (COI) sequences of 76 morphospecies collected in Korea and other countries were analyzed to detect cryptic diversity. In addition, 551 sequences of 74 species from the Genbank and BOLD system were compared with our new dataset. The final dataset consisted of 998 sequences of 115 species. As a results, we propose 12 cryptic species with discussion on morphological and ecological comparisons. Our results suggest that DNA barcoding is effective for precise species identification in this group and contributes to reveal hidden diversity.

Cryptic species diversity of ochtodenes-producing Portieria species (Gigartinales, Rhodophyta) from the northwest Pacific

Mi Yeon Yang,Myung Sook Kim 한국조류학회I 2018 ALGAE Vol.33 No.3

Red algae in the genus Portieria produce secondary halogenated monoterpenes, which are effective deterrents against herbivores, as secondary metabolites. Portieria hornemannii samples from various sites contain different concentrations of these metabolites, suggesting the existence of genetic diversity and cryptic species. To evaluate the genetic diversity and species distribution of Portieria in the northwest Pacific, we analyzed rbcL sequences of samples collected from Korea, Japan, and Taiwan. The phylogenetic analysis revealed five distinct lineages at the species level. One was recognized as Portieria japonica and the others were cryptic lineages in P. hornemannii. The rbcL haplotypes of P. japonica were genetically fragmented into two subgroups of geographic origin; Korean and Japanese. The four cryptic lineages within P. hornemannii were also geographically structured at a much finer scale. These results suggest that different genetic lineages in Portieria evolved from variable microhabitats, consequently influencing secondary metabolites. Further study is required to resolve the relationships between genetic and secondary metabolite variations in Portieria.