Ethylene glycol에 의해 액화된 폐지로부터 polyester 제조

김동헌(Dong Hun Lee),김창준(Chang-Joon Kim),김성배(Sung Bae Kim) 한국생물공학회 2011 KSBB Journal Vol.26 No.3

Polyester was prepared through the esterification reaction between watsepaper liquefied by ethylene glycol and carboxylic acid. Liquefaction was carried out at the previously determined condition of 100 minutes, 160℃, and 3% sulfuric acid, and the hydroxyl value of the liquefied product was 411 mg KOH/g. In order to remove bubbles produced during the curing step, the method to introduce a slight nitrogen stream into reaction vessel and/or the method to preheat a polyester film at 85℃ before curing step were used alone or in combination. But if curing temperature was 130℃, simple method to cure a film for 5 hours at 130℃ without using both methods was found to be most effective. The polyesters prepared with various carboxylic acids showed significant different physical properties, and maleic acid was best among them. Also, the effect of reaction time and temperature, C/H (carboxyl group/hydroxyl group) ratio, and type of additive on the crosslinkage of polyester was investigated. Lithium hydroxide or citric acid as additive was used to enhance the crosslinkage of polyester and citric acid was proved to be much more effective than lithium hydroxide. The effect of reaction temperature on the crosslinkage was marginal, but the crosslinkage decreased above 130℃. The crosslinkage was 86% when the polyester was prepared at an optimum condition such as 130℃ and 15 minutes of reaction condition, 1.5 of C/H ratio, 130℃ and 5 hours of curing condition, and 10% addition of citric acid.

스타이렌 위험물을 포함한 OenNdien 수지에 의한 우라늄(VI) 이온의 흡착 특성

김준태 ( Joon Tae Kim ) 한국공업화학회 2011 공업화학 Vol.22 No.6

1%, 2%, 5% 및 15%의 가교도를 가진 클로로메틸화된 스타이렌-1, 4-디비닐벤젠에 OenNdien-H4 거대고리 리간드를 공중합반응으로 결합시켜 이온교환 수지를 합성하여 우라늄(UO2 2+), 칼륨(K +), 네오듐(Nd 3+) 금속 이온들의 흡착 특성을 여러 가지 실험 조건하에서 조사하였다. 이들 합성수지의 확인은 염소 함량과 원소 분석 그리고 IR-스펙트럼으로 하였으며, 수지에 대한 금속 이온들의 흡착에 미치는 pH, 시간 그리고 수지의 가교도에 따른 영향들을 조사한 결과 우라늄 이온은 pH 3 이상에서 큰 흡착률을 보였으며, 금속 이온들의 흡착 평형은 2 h 정도였다. 한편, 메탄올용액에서 수지에 대한 흡착 선택성은 우라늄(UO2 2+) > 칼륨(K +) > 네오듐(Nd 3+) 이온이었고, 금속 이온의 흡착력은 1%, 2%, 5% 및 15%의 가교도 순이었다. Ion exchange resins have been synthesized from chloromethylated styrene-1,4-divinylbenzene (DVB) with 1%, 2%, 5% and 15%-crosslinkage and macrocyclic ligand of OenNdien-H4 by copolymerization. The adsorption characteristics of uranium (UO2 2+), potassium (K +) and neodymium (Nd 3+) metallic ions have been investigated. The synthesis of these resins was confirmed by content of chlorine, element analysis, and IR-spectrum. The effects of pH, time, and crosslinkage on adsorption of metallic ions were also studied. The uranium ion showed the fast adsorption on the resins above pH 3. The optimum equilibrium time for the adsorption of metallic ions was about two hours. The adsorption selectivity determined in methanol solution was in increasing order uranium (UO2 2+) > potassium (K +) > neodymium (Nd 3+) ion. Moreover, the adsorption was increased with the crosslinkage concentration in order of 1%, 2%, 5% and 15%-crosslinkage resin.

Ethylene glycol을 사용한 폐지의 전처리공정에서 발생된 폐액으로부터 polyester 제조

이동현(Dong Hun Lee),김창준(Chang-Joon Kim),김성배(Sung Bae Kim) 한국생물공학회 2012 KSBB Journal Vol.27 No.1

This research was to investigate the polyester preparation using waste ethylene glycol (EG) generated from the wastepaper pretreatment process. Waste EG was obtained from using EG five times repeatedly in the pretreatment of wastepaper. The hydroxyl value of the waste EG was 441 mg KOH/g and its composition was 0.68% cellulose, 6.5% hemicellulose, 6.1% lignin, and 86.7% EG. Maleic acid was used as carboxylic acid. The effect of reaction temperature and time except carboxyl group/hydroxyl group ratio on the crosslinkage of the prepared polyester was marginal. Citric acid, lithium hydroxide and dicumyl peroxide were used as additive or catalyst to enhance the crosslinkage of polyester. Among them, 10% of citric acid was found to be most effective. The crosslinkage was 86% when the polyester was prepared at an optimum condition such as 130℃ and 15 minutes, 1.5 of C/H ratio, and 10% of citric acid, and its insoluble percentage in boiling water for 6 hours was 47%. The weight loss of the prepared polyester was approximately 40% when it was buried in damp soil for 5 months, indicating that it is readily biodegradable. This results can provide some information for future development of wastepaper pretreatment by organic solvent.

Styrene 위험물을 함유한 이온교환 수지에 의한 U(Ⅵ), Fe(Ⅱ), and Ho(Ⅲ) 금속 이온들의 흡착

김준태(Joon-Tae Kim) 한국환경관리학회 2008 環境管理學會誌 Vol.14 No.4

1%, 2%, 3% 및 4%의 가교도를 가진 스타이렌(제4류 위험물중 제2석유류) 디비닐벤젠 공중합체에 1-aza-15-crown-5 거대 고리 리간드를 치환반응으로 결합시켜 이온교환 수지들을 합성하였으며, 이들 수지의 합성은 염소 함량과 원소 분석 그리고 IR-스펙트럼으로 확인하였다. 이온교환 수지 흡착제에 대한 금속 이온의 흡착에 미치는 pH, 시간 그리고 수지의 가교도에 따른 영향들을 조사한 결과 금속 이온들은 pH 3 이상에서 큰 흡착율을 보였으며, 금속 이온들의 흡착 평형은 2시간 정도였다. 한편, 에탄올 용액에서 수지에 대한 흡착 선택성은 우라늄(UO₂²?) > 철(Fe²?) > 홀뮴(Ho³?) 이온 이었고, 금속 이온의 흡착력은 1%, 2%, 3% 및 4%의 가교도 순이었다, The ion exchange resins were synthesized with 1-aza-15-crown-5 macrocyclic ligand attached to styrene(hazardous materials) divinylbenzene(DVB) copolymer with crosslinkage of 1%, 2%, 3%, and 4% by substitution reaction. The synthesis of these resins was confirmed by content of chlorine, element analysis, and IR-spectrum. The effects of pH, time and crosslinkage on adsorption of metal ion by ion exchange resin adsorbent were investigated. The metal ion was showed fast adsorption on the resins above pH 3. The optimum equilibrium time for adsorption of metallic ions was about two hours. The adsorption selectivity determined in ethanol solution was in increasing order of uranium(UO₂²) > iron(Fe²?) > holmium(Ho³?) ion. The adsorption was in the order of 1 %, 2 %, 3 %, and 4 % crosslinkage resin.

스타이렌 위험물을 함유한 Cryptand 합성수지에 의한 U(Ⅵ), Ca(Ⅱ), Ho(Ⅲ) 이온들의 흡착 및 분리

김준태(Joon-Tae Kim) 한국환경관리학회 2011 環境管理學會誌 Vol.17 No.2

1%, 2%, 및 10%의 가교도를 가진 cryptand 수지들은 클로로메틸화된 스틸렌(위험물)-1, 4-디비닐 벤젠에 1-aza-15-crown-5 거대고리 리간드를 치환반응으로 결합시켜 합성하였으며, 이들 수지로부터 흡착에 미치는 pH, 시간, 수지의 가교도 그리고 용매의 유전상수 크기에 따른 금속 이온들의 흡착 및 분리특성을 조사하였다. 금속 이온들은 pH 3 이상에서는 큰 흡착률을 보였으며, 금속 이온들의 흡착 평형시간은 약 2시간 이었다. 에탄올에서의 흡착 선택성은 UO₂²? > Ca²? > Ho³? 이었고, 흡착력은 1%, 2%, 10%의 가교도 순 이었으며, 용매의 유전상수 크기에 반비례하였다. 한편, 1% 가교도를 가진 수지에 우라늄, 칼슘, 홀뮴 혼합용액을 흡착시켜 관에 넣고 질산(pH 2.0) 용리액을 사용하여 개별분리 하였다. Cryptand resins of 1%, 2% and 10% crosslinkage with 1-aza-15-crown-5 macrocyclic ligand attached to chloromethylated styrene (a hazardous material)-1, 4- divinylbenzene (DVB) by substitution reaction were synthesized. The effect of pH, time, dielectric constant of solvent and crosslinkage density of the matrix on the adsorption and separation for metal ions was investigated. The metal ions were not adsorbed on the resins below pH 2 but above pH 3 fast adsorption behavior was showed. The optimum equilibrium time for adsorption of metallic ions was two hours. The adsorption selectivity determined in ethanol was in increasing order UO22+ > Ca2+ > Ho3+. The adsorption power was in the order of 1%, 2% and 10% -crosslinkage resin, but adsorption properties of resins decreased in proportion to the order of dielectric constant of solvents used. In addition, these metal ions could be separated in the column with 1% crosslinkage resin using nitric acid (pH 2.0) as an eluent.

Styrene 위험물을 포함한 Azacrown 합성수지에 의한 U(Ⅵ), Mg(Ⅱ), Dy(Ⅲ) 금속 이온들의 흡착 특성

이치영(Chi-Young Lee),김준태(Joon-Tae Kim) 한국환경관리학회 2011 環境管理學會誌 Vol.17 No.2

1-aza-15-crown-5-styrene(위험물)-DVB 수지 흡착제에 의한 금속 이온들의 흡착에 미치는 pH, 시간, 수지의 가교도 그리고 용매의 유전상수 크기에 따른 영향들을 조사한 결과, 금속이온들은 pH 3 이상에서는 큰 흡착률을 보였으며, 금속이온들의 흡착 평형시간은 약 2시간 이었다. 그리고 메탄올 매질에서의 흡착선택성은 UO₂²? > Mg²? > Dy³? 이었고, 흡착력은 1%, 2%, 4%의 가교도 순 이었으며, 용매의 유전상수 크기에 반비례하였다. The effects of pH, time, dielectric constant of solvent and crosslinkage on adsorption of metal ions by 1-aza-15-crown-5-styrene (a hazardous material)-DVB (divinyl benzene) resin adsorbent were investigated. The metal ions were showed fast adsorption on the resins in over pH 3. The equilibrium time for adsorption of metallic ions was about two hours and the adsorption selectivity determined in methanol was in increasing order UO₂²? > Mg²? > Dy³? ions. The adsorption was in the order of 1%, 2% and 4% crosslinkage resin and adsorption of resin decreased in proportion to the order of dielectric constant of solvents.

수세미외의 부위별(部位別) 유효성분(有效成分) 조사(調査) 및 사과락중(絲瓜絡中) 육질제거(肉質除去) 방법(方法) 개발(開發) 연구(硏究) : (II) -사과락 육질제거 및 섬유품질개선-

유태방,장기운,안병창,신종순,박종상,Yoo, Tae-Bang,Chang, Ki-Woon,An, Byung-Chang,Shin, Jong-Sun,Park, Joung-Sang 한국응용생명화학회 1991 Applied Biological Chemistry (Appl Biol Chem) Vol.34 No.4

일반 농가에서 수세미 사과락의 표피 및 그물섬유중 육질 제거를 위하여 개천수에 침지하여 20여일 소요되는데 비하여, 사과락을 압착한 후 0.2% NaOH로 처리한 결과 $3{\sim}5$시간내에 처리가 가능하였다. 0.2% 알카리 용액과 계면활성제인 0.02% Monopol과 표백제인 0.1% $Ca(OCl)_2$를 처리하여 섬유소의 품질을 보호하면서 육질제거효과를 기할 수 있었다. 또한, 사용 목적에 따라 습경성과 인장강도와 같은 물리성을 formaldehyde, glutardialdehyde, glyoxal과 같은 가교제를 사용하여 조절할 수 있는 가능성을 나타냈다. 또한 산알카리 및 열적 안정도가 양호하여 목욕용 기구, 주방용 세척기구, 오일이나 까스 여과기, 기타 각종 장식용 제조 원료로 사용가능하다는 결론을 얻었다. NaOH 용액의 농도 저하와 KOH로 대치할 때 생성되는 스럿지를 K질 비료로 활용하는 방안 등이 연구중이다. The skin and fleshy substance on the net fiber of sponge-gourd fruit pressed mechanically was removed with 0.2% NaOH solution in $3{\sim}5$ hours. The treatment of 0.2% NaOH with 0.02% Monopol(non-ionogenic polyoxethylen derivative) as surfactnat and with 0.1% $Ca(OCl)_2$ as bleaching agent enhanced the effect to remove the fleshy substance and improve the quality of net fiber. Also, the wet hardness and tensile strength of net fiber were controlled by the crosslinkage of the fiber with glu tardialdehyde, glyoxal, and formalin, respectively. The net fiber was stable on the acid and alkaline solutions. Also the range of temperature to degradate the fiber was $338{\sim}385^{\circ}C$. These values indicated a fair stability. The improved net fiber can be used for raw material of bath, dish washing, oil and gas filter, and many kinds of decorations.

Ethylene glycol을 사용한 폐지의 액화 및 액화물로부터 polyester 제조

이동헌(Dong Hun Lee),김창준(Chang-Joon Kim),김성배(Sung Bae Kim) 한국생물공학회 2010 KSBB Journal Vol.25 No.3

폐지를 사용하여 액화와 가교단계를 거쳐 polyester를 제조하였다. 첫 번째 단계에서는 EG를 사용하여 산 촉매하에서 폐지를 액화하였다. 폐지의 액화수율에 영향을 미치는 인자는 반응시간, 반응온도, 그리고 촉매농도이고 각각 60~120분, 150~170℃, 그리고 2~4% 범위 내에서 실험하였다. 최적조건은 100분, 160℃, 3%이었고 이 조건에서 액화수율은 67%이었다. 두 번째 단계에서는 최적조건에서 얻어진 폐지 액화물을 succinic anhydride와 반응시켜 polyester를 제조하였다. 반응시간과 carboxyl기/수산기의 비가 각각 35~50분, 1.5~2.5의 범위 내에서 가교도에 미치는 영향을 조사하였다. 제조된 polyester의 가교도는 80~90% 로 반응조건에 따라 큰 차이가 없었다. A novel method to prepare polyester from wastepaper through liquefaction and crosslinking stages was studied. At the first stage, the liquefaction of wastepaper was carried out in the presence of ethylene glycol under acidic conditions. The factors that affect on liquefaction yield were found to be reaction time, temperature, and acid concentration, and their ranges were 60~120 minutes, 150~170℃, and 2~4%, respectively. The optimum condition was found to be 100 minutes, 160℃, and 3% sulfuric acid concentration, and the liquefaction yield at this condition was 67%. At the second stage, polyester was prepared from the liquefied wastepaper obtained at the optimum liquefaction condition by crosslinking with succinic anhydride. The effect of reaction time and carboxylic group/hydroxyl group ratio on crosslinkage were investigated at conditions covering 30~50 minutes of reaction time and 1.5~2.5 of carboxylic group/hydroxyl group ratio. The crosslinkages of polyester prepared were 80~90%, which were almost same regardless of reaction conditions.

Characteristics of Tyrosinase from Different Organisms and their Applications; Production of Dihydroxy Compounds and Cross-linking of Natural Polymers

Sang-Hyuk LEE,Baek Ki HEON,Byung-Gee KIM 한국생물공학회 2013 한국생물공학회 학술대회 Vol.2013 No.10

Preparation of Polyester using Waste Liquid Originated from the Wastepaper Pretreatment by Ethylene Glycol

Dong hun LEE,Dong Il SEO,Chang-Jun KIM,Sung Bae KIM 한국생물공학회 2011 한국생물공학회 학술대회 Vol.2011 No.10