TiN 코팅된 Ti 및 Ti-6Al-4V합금의 부식거동

이순현,정용훈,최한철,고영무 대한치과기공학회 2008 대한치과기공학회지 Vol.30 No.1

Cp-Ti and Ti-6Al-4V alloys commonly used dental implant materials, particularly for orthopaedic and osteosynthesis because of its suitable mechanical properties and excellent biocompatibility. This alloys have excellent corrosion behavior in the clinical environment. The first factor to decide the success of dental implantation is sufficient osseointegration and high corrosion resistance between on implant fixture and its surrounding bone tissue. In this study, in order to increase corrosion resistance and biocompatibility of Cp-Ti and Ti-6Al-4V alloy that surface of manufactured alloy was coated with TiN by RF-magnetron sputtering method. The electrochemical behavior of TiN coated Cp-Ti and Ti-6Al-4V alloy were investigated using potentiodynamic (EG&G Co, PARSTAT 2273. USA) and potentiostatic test (250mV) in 0.9% NaCl solution at 36.5 1 . These results are as follows : 1. From the microstructure analysis, Cp-Ti showed the acicular structure of -phase and Ti-6Al-4V showed the micro-acicular structure of + phase. 2. From the potentiodynamic test, Ecorr value of Cp-Ti and Ti-6Al-4V alloys showed -702.48mV and -319.87mV, respectively. Ti-6Al-4V alloy value was higher than Cp-Ti alloy. 3. From the analysis of TiN and coated layer, TIN coated surface showed columnar structure with 800 nm thickness. 4. The corrosion resistance of TiN coated Cp-Ti and Ti-6Al-4V alloys were higher than those of the non-coated Ti alloys in 0.9% NaCl solution from potentiodynamic test, indicating better protective effect. 5. The passivation current density of TiN coated Cp-Ti and Ti-6Al-4V alloys were smaller than that of the noncoated implant fixture in 0.9% NaCl solution, indicating the good protective effect resulting from more compact and homogeneous layer formation.

주조방법 및 주형온도가 치과용 티타늄 주조체 주조성과 표면반응층에 미치는 영향

문수,이진형,정준영,김기주 한국생체재료학회 2005 생체재료학회지 Vol.9 No.3

In this study, we have intented to control the reactivity between CP-Ti and silica • alumina phosphate bonded investment mold of dental CP-casting alloys. The effects of castability and reaction to CP-Ti cast were compared with casting method and mold temperature. The surface reaction layers of CP-Ti casting specimens were investigated by using OM, SEM, EPMA and XRD. All casting conditions resulted in the formation of multi surface reaction layers from the surface of CP-Ti casts, but centrifugal casting method decreased the thickness of surface reaction layer, resulting in thin reaction layer. XRD analysis for the mold reaction products showed the existence of Ti5Si3 and TiO2 on the surface reaction products layer. The case and Si, P rich phased layer showed -Ti structure in which O, Al and O, Si, P were solid soluted, respectively. And, the matrix structure was acicular and large grained -Ti. Finally we have founded the formation mechanism for -case layer and acicular layer of CP-Ti cast that is controlled by the diffusion and solid solution of oxygen reduced from mold materials.

치과용 티타늄 및 Ti-25wt%Pd 주조체의 표면반응생성물

정준영,문수,이진형 대한의용생체공학회 2004 의공학회지 Vol.25 No.5

A commercially pure Ti(CP-Ti) and Ti-25wt%Pd alloy for dental applications were cast into a phosphate-bonded Al$_2$ $O_3$/ $SiO_2$ investment mold and the surface of the casting specimens were investigated by means of SEM/EDS, XRD and XPS. The addition of 25wt%Pd in CP-Ti showed a moderate mold reaction owing to the considerable lowering of melting point. XRD analysis of the investment after burn-out treatment revealed that it consisted essentially of $SiO_2$, Al$_2$ $O_3$, P$_2$O$\_$5/, Mg$_3$(P $O_4$)$_2$, AlP $O_4$, Mg$_2$ $SiO_4$, MgAl$_2$ $O_4$ The mold reaction products were Ti$\_$5/Si$_3$ and Ti $O_2$ in case of CP-Ti casting and Ti $O_2$ and SiO$\_$x/ in case of Ti-25wt% Pd casting. 본 연구에서는 치과용 티타늄(CP-Ti)과 Ti-25wt%Pd를 인산염계 실리카$.$알루미나 주형재로 주조 후 SEM/EDS, XRD, XPS를 이용하여 주조시 생성되는 표면반응생성물을 조사하였다. Ti-25wt%Pd는 CP-Ti에 비하여 융점이 현저이 감소하여 주조체의 표면반응이 상대적으로 적게 발생하였다. 또한 인산염계 실리카$.$알루미나 주형재를 소성한 결과 주형재는 $SiO_2$, $Al_2$ $O_3$, P$_2$ $O_{5}$, $Mg_3$(P $O_4$)$_2$, AlP $O_4$, $Mg_2$ $SiO_4$, MgAl$_2$ $O_4$의 성분들로 구성되어 있었으며, 표면반응생성물은 CP-Ti 주조체의 경우 $Ti_{5}$Si$_3$ 와 Ti $O_2$로, Ti-25wt%Pd 주조체의 경우 Ti $O_2$ 와 $SiO_{x}$ 로 구성되어 있었다.

입자크기를 달리한 Cp-Ti의 미세구조 관찰 및 SBF하에서의 부식거동

이승우,김윤종,류재경,박중근,김원수,김택남,Lee Seung-Woo,Kim Yun-Jong,Ruy Jae-Gyeoung,Park Joong-Keun,Kim Won-Soo,Kim Taik-Nam 한국재료학회 2005 한국재료학회지 Vol.15 No.9

Titanium and Titanium alloys are widely used as an orthopedic and dental implant material because of their excellent biocompatibility and mechanical strength. In this study, ECAP Cp-Ti and Cp-Ti were heat treated for different annealing time of 30 min, 90 min and 3 hours. The grain size for each condition was studied. The micro-Vicker hardness test was carried out f3r each different heat treated samples. The micro-Vicker hardness test for ECAP Cp-Ti, Cp-Ti and Cp-Ti (3hr) revealed hardness values of 239.5, 182 and 144 Hv, respectively. The grain size was increased from approximately $70{\mu}m\;to\;300{\mu}m$ with the increase in heat treatment time from 30 min to 3 hours. The heat treated samples were tested for their biocompatibility in simulated body fluid (SBF) and corrosion rates was determined using Polarization Curve test (PCT). The PCT results showed Cp-Ti with comparatively high corrosion potential of -0.18 V and corresponding corrosion current of $2\times10^{-6}$ A, while the corrosion rate in ECAP Cp-Ti and Cp-Ti (30 min annealed) showed very similar results of corrosion potential about -0.47 V with corresponding corrosion current of $7\times10^{-8}$ A.

치과용 Ti-Xwt%Cu 합금의 연삭성

안재석,Ahn, Jae-Seok 대한치과기공학회 2009 대한치과기공학회지 Vol.31 No.4

This study evaluated the grindability of series of Ti-Cu alloys in order to develop a Ti alloy with better grindability than commercially pure titanium(CP Ti). Experimental Ti-Xwt%Cu alloys(X=2, 5, 10) were made in an argon-arc melting furnace. Slabs of experimental alloys were ground using a SiC abrasive wheel on an electric handpiece at circumferential speed(15000, 30000rpm) by applying a force(250, 300gr). Grindability was evaluated by measuring the amount of metal volume removed after grinding for 2 minutes. Data were compared to those for CP Ti and Ti-6wt%Al-4wt%V alloy. From results, It was observed that the grindability of Ti-Cu alloys increased with an increase in the Cu concentration compared to CP Ti, particularly the 10wt%Cu alloy exhibited the highest grindability at all speeds. By alloying with Cu, the Ti exhibited better grindability at high speed. The continuous precipitation of $Ti_2Cu$ among the ${\alpha}$-matrix grains made this material less ductile and facilitated more effective grinding because small segments more readily formed. The Ti-10wt%Cu alloy has a great potential for use as a dental machining alloy.

Er:YAG 레이저 조사가 티타늄의 표면특성에 미치는 영향

엄소원 ( So Won Uhm ),선영곤 ( Young Gon Sun ),이화선 ( Hwa Sun Lee ),김영준 ( Young Joon Kim ) 조선대학교 치의학연구원 2014 Oral Biology Research (Oral Biol Res) Vol.38 No.2

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the changes in physical properties of commercially pure titanium (cp-Ti) after undergoing a Er:YAG laser irradiation. Materials and Methods: Ti specimens were prepared in disks with 15 mm diameter and 2 mm thickness. These were divided into 3 groups: 1) group Ti-50: 50 mJ/pulse laser irradiation, 2) group Ti-100: 100 mJ/pulse laser irradiation, and 3) group Ti-250: 250 mJ/pulse laser irradiation. The control was untreated cp-Ti surface. Scaning electron microscopy (SEM) and atomic forced microscopy were used to observe the changes in surface configuration, X-ray diffraction (XRD) was used to analyze its composition. Furthermore, in order to find out more about its hydrophilic properties, contact angle measurement was performed. Results: SEM images showed that linear depressions of cp-Ti’s surface were increased as the power of laser increased. XRD analysis showed a stable formation of TiO2. Cp-Ti with the laser treatment showed smaller water contact angle than control (p<0.05). Conclusion: With all the results combined, it was suggest that Er:YAG laser irradiation could improve its physical properties which was more favorable in its cellular response.

COMPARATIVE STUDY OF SHEAR BOND STRENGTH BETWEEN CP-TI/CO-CR ALLOY AND COMPOSITE RESINS

Yoon, Se-Hee,Pae, Ahran,Lee, Seok-Hyung,Lee, Ho-Rim The Korean Academy of Prosthodonitics 2007 대한치과보철학회지 Vol.45 No.6

Statement of problem. Composite resin-veneered metal restorations can be used as an alternative to porcelain-fused-metal restorations. But, because of the relatively low bond strength of veneering composite to metal framework, various surface treatment methods have been introduced to improve the bond strength. Purpose. The object of this study was to compare the shear bond strength of different combinations of each of the two bonding systems and each of the two composite veneering resins to cp-Ti/Co-Cr alloy. Material and methods. Two resin bonding systems (metal conditioner containing MEPS monomer, tribochemical silicoating system) and two composite resins (Gradia, Sinfony) were tested on cp-Ti and Co-Cr alloy. Then, according to manufacturers' instructions, resin bonding systems and composite resins were applied. All test specimens were divided into four groups for each alloy; I) sandblast + Metal Primer II + Gradia (MG), II) sandblast + Metal Primer II + Sinfony (MS), III) Rocatec + Gradia (RG), IV) Rocatec + Sinfony (RS). The shear bond strength was determined using a universal testing machine and all data were statistically analyzed with Mann-Whitney test and Kruskal-Wallis test at the significance level of 0.05. Results. The mean (standard deviations) of shear bond strength according to the combinations of two bonding systems and two composite resins to cp-Ti arranged from 16.44 MPa to 17.07 MPa and the shear bond strength to Co-Cr alloy ranged from 16.26 MPa to 17.70 MPa. The result shows that the difference were not statistically significant. Conclusion. The shear bond strengths of composite resins to both cast cp-Ti and Co-Cr alloy were not significantly different between the metal conditioner and the tribochemical silicoating system. And no differences in bond strength were found between cp-Ti and Co-Cr alloy.

[Cp₂Ti(Ⅲ)(1-benzoylacetonato)화합물과 알킬알루미늄화합물의 촉매계에 의한 스티렌 중합반응

이삼근,이동구 대전대학교 기초과학연구소 2002 自然科學 Vol.13 No.1

[Cp₂Ti(Ⅲ)(1-benzoylacetonato)과 조촉매인 알킬알루미늄화합물로 구성된 촉매계를 이용하여 스티렌을 중합하였으며, 생성된 고분자는 ^(13)C NMR 스펙트럼 연구결과 atatic-폴리스티렌이었다. 고분자 반응에 영향을 주는 조건인 주촉매의 농도, 조촉매인 DEAC의 농도와 주촉매의 농도 비율, 반응시간 및 반응온도에 따른 연구를 수행하였다. 고분자 반응은 반응온도에 영향을 받지 않으며 폴리스티렌으로의 전환 비율이 가장 큰 경우는 DEAC의 농도와 주촉매의 농도 비율이 30인 경우이며 고분자 반응은 6시간만에 완료된다. 연구한 조건에서 생성된 폴리스티렌의 분자량은 2,200 - 3,200이었으며, 중합온도가 증가하면 분자량은 감소하고 분산도는 증가하며, 티타늄 촉매에 대한 조촉매의 몰 비율을 증가시키면 분자량과 분산도가 증가하는 경향을 보였다. Polystyrene was prepared in the presence of a catalyst composed of [Cp₂Ti(Ⅲ)( 1-benzoylacetonato)] and alkylaluminum as cocatalyst. The resultant polymer is atatic-polystyrene judging by ^(13)C NMR spectra. Influences of various polpmerizations, e.g., [Ti], [DEACI/"Til, time and temperature were studied. It was found that polymerization reaction is not dependent on the reaction temperature, and the highest conversion of styrene to polystyrene can be obtained when the molar ratio of [DEAC] to [Ti] is 30. The polymerization reaction is almost finished in 6 hours. The molecular weight of the polystyrene ranged from 2,200 to 3,200 and was decreased and the molecular weight distribution was increased with increasing the reaction temperature. The higher the molar ratio of DEAC to titanium catalyst was used, the higher was the molecular weight and the molecular weight distribution.

Cp-Ti 표면의 Hydroxyapatite+TiO₂ 복합 Sol 코팅에 관한 연구

김윤종,김택남,이성호,Kim, Yun-Jong,Kim, Taik-Nam,Lee, Sung-Ho 한국재료학회 2005 한국재료학회지 Vol.15 No.7

In this study, $Hydroxyapatite+TiO_2(HAp+TiO_2)$ composite sol coatings on Cp-Ti substrates were deposited by using a sol-gel derived precursor. Prior to hydroxyapatite coating, the samples were micropolished and divided into three sets. The first set was coated with hydroxyapatite (HAp) directly on Cp-Ti. The second set was first coated with intermediate titania layer and then coated with HAp. The third set samples were coated with $HAp+TiO_2$ (50:50) composite sol. Each samples were predried at $200^{\circ}C$, and heat treated at $600^{\circ}C$. The formation of hydroxyapatite has been confirmed by XRD analyses and the substrate material was found to be oxidized with negligible amount of CaO in the coating. The NaOH treated samples showed the presence of rutile crystal. The SEM studies revealed surface morphologies of each samples. $HAp+TiO_2$ composite sol coating layer was found to be smooth. The bonding strength of each samples were calculated using pull out tests. The bonding strength of the $HAp+TiO_2$ composite sol coating on substrate was 29.35MPa.

치과용 티타늄 주조체의 표면반응층 및 기계적 특성에 미치는 주형재의 영향

이진형,정준영,김기주,변창섭,문수 한국생체재료학회 2004 생체재료학회지 Vol.8 No.3

CP-Ti casting specimens were prepared by the centrifugal casting method with silica and silica•alumina phosphate bonded investment molds. The surface appearance, the surface reaction layers and the mechanical properties of casting specimens were analysed and compared with those from copper mold which has no mold reaction with molten titanium. The surface reaction layers of the CP-Ti castings from silica and silica ?alumina phosphate bonded molds were influenced by the diffusion depth of oxygen which were generated by the chemical reaction of mold materials and molten titanium. The thickness of layers from the surface and the amounts of oxygen in solid-solution were reduced by using silica ?alumina phosphate bonded mold. They were attributed to the lowering of mold reaction by alumina additions. The mechanical properties of casting specimens from this mold were adequate for dental application with the requirement of Grade III CP-Ti.