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Thung, Leena,He, Jing,Zhu, Qingling,Xu, Zhenyu,Liu, Jianhua,Chow, Yvonne The Korean Society of Phycology 2018 ALGAE Vol.33 No.1
Low efficiency in microalgal biomass production was largely attributed to the low density of algal cell cultures. Though mutations that reduced the level of chlorophyll or pigment content increased efficiency of photon usage and thus the cell-culture density under high-illumination growth conditions (e.g., >$500{\mu}mol\;photon\;m^{-2}\;s^{-1}$), it was unclear whether algae could increase cell-culture density under low-illumination conditions (e.g., ${\sim}50{\mu}mol\;photon\;m^{-2}\;s^{-1}$). To address this question, we performed forward genetic screening in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. A pool of >1,000 insertional mutants was constructed and subjected to continuous subcultures in shaking flasks under low-illumination conditions. Complexity of restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) pattern in cultures indicated the degree of heterogeneity of mutant populations. We showed that the levels of RFLP complexity decreased when cycles of subculture increased, suggesting that cultures were gradually populated by high cell-culture density (HCD) strains. Analysis of the 3 isolated HCD mutants after 30 cycles of subcultures confirmed that their maximal biomass production was 50-100% higher than that of wild type under low-illumination. Furthermore, levels of chlorophyll content in HCD mutant strains were similar to that of wild type. Inverse polymerase chain reaction analysis identified the locus of insertion in two of three HCD strains. Molecular and transcriptomic analyses suggested that two HCD mutants were a result of the gain-of-function phenotype, both linking to the abnormality of mitochondrial functions. Taken together, our results demonstrate that HCD strains can be obtained through continuous subcultures under low illumination conditions.
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Leena Thung,Jing He,Qingling Zhu,Zhenyu Xu,Jianhua Liu,Yvonne Chow 한국조류학회I 2018 ALGAE Vol.33 No.1
Low efficiency in microalgal biomass production was largely attributed to the low density of algal cell cultures. Though mutations that reduced the level of chlorophyll or pigment content increased efficiency of photon usage and thus the cell-culture density under high-illumination growth conditions (e.g., >500 µmol photon m-2 s-1), it was unclear whether algae could increase cell-culture density under low-illumination conditions (e.g., ~50 µmol photon m-2 s-1). To address this question, we performed forward genetic screening in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. A pool of >1,000 insertional mutants was constructed and subjected to continuous subcultures in shaking flasks under low-illumination conditions. Complexity of restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) pattern in cultures indicated the degree of heterogeneity of mutant populations. We showed that the levels of RFLP complexity decreased when cycles of subculture increased, suggesting that cultures were gradually populated by high cell-culture density (HCD) strains. Analysis of the 3 isolated HCD mutants after 30 cycles of subcultures confirmed that their maximal biomass production was 50-100% higher than that of wild type under low-illumination. Furthermore, levels of chlorophyll content in HCD mutant strains were similar to that of wild type. Inverse polymerase chain reaction analysis identified the locus of insertion in two of three HCD strains. Molecular and transcriptomic analyses suggested that two HCD mutants were a result of the gain-of-function phenotype, both linking to the abnormality of mitochondrial functions. Taken together, our results demonstrate that HCD strains can be obtained through continuous subcultures under low illumination conditions.
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유형별로 나누어 본 문화적 혼성화 -종교문화를 중심으로
장형철 ( Hyung Chull Jang ) 한국사회역사학회 2015 담론 201 Vol.18 No.3
이 연구의 목적은 문화적 현상으로서 혼성화를 논의하는 것 뿐 만 아니라 혼성화유형론을 시도하여 세계화 시대에 변화하는 종교문화를 연구 하는데 적용하는 것이다. 이를 위해 우선 혼성화 이론이 문화의 변화와 전환을 연구하는 이론으로서어떠한 특징을 가지고 있는지 살펴보았다. 다음으로 혼성화를 지역인이나 또는디아스포라된 지역인이 조우하고 충돌하는 문화가 내생적인지 또는 외생적인지에따라 다섯 가지 유형(“혼합과 저항이 나타나는 유형,” “내면화 되어 양가성과 교차가나타나는 유형,” “공존을 지향하는 유형,” “새로운 문화를 창조하는 유형,” “게토화되거나 하위문화를 만드는 유형”)으로 나누었다. 그리고 각 유형들이 주로 나타나는지역, 유형들의 특징, 탈영토화와 재영토화의 모습, 구체적인 종교적 재현들의 예, 그리고 사회적 기능과 효과에 대하여 종교문화를 중심으로 논의하였다. 이러한연구는 혼성화되는 종교문화를 연구하는 새로운 시도라고 볼 수 있다. This article not only discusses hybridization as a kind of cultural phenomenon but also theorizes it in order to understand the transformation of religious culture in the era of globalization. First, the article considers what the strength of hybridization theory is in regard to studying culture. Then, hybridization is classified into five types in terms of whether the diaspora(or the indigenous) encounter with and is impacted by exogenous or endogenous culture. These are types of “mingling and resisting,” “internalization representing ambivalence and intersection,” “intending the coexistence of different religious cultures,” “creating new culture,” and “producing a ghetto culture or subculture,” By classifying and evaluating these types in relation to religious culture respectively, the discussion includes the characteristics of types, the area where the types can be founded often, deterritorialization and reterritorialization, specific religious representations of the types, and social function and effect. Thus, this can be a new attempt to study hybridizing religious culture in contemporary world.
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