단모음의 길이에 미치는 인접 자음의 영향

오재혁(Oh, Jeahyuk) 한국어학회 2017 한국어학 Vol.76 No.-

The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of adjacent consonants on the length of the vowels. For this purpose, 101,569 vowels were extracted by controlling all the deviations by the length of speech, the speed of speech, the number of syllables in one word, and the syllable length using Seoul Corpus. The differences of the vowel lengths according to the attributes of adjacent consonants were discussed through the average length and standard deviation of the vowels according to the position of articulation, the manner of articulation, and the type of voicing for each type of syllable. As a result of the study, it was found that the consonants had more influence on the vowel length in case of consonants, and depending on the properties of the consonants, [sonorant] in the articulation manner, [anterior] in the articulation place, [aspirated] in the phonation type, The length of the vowels changed greatly. Concretely, when vowels are adjacent to consonants with [+sonorant], [+anterior], and [-aspirated], the length of the vowel becomes longer and the vowel length is [+sonorant], [-aspirated], [+anterior] in the order of length.

영어 원어민과 한국어 영어학습자의 마찰 겹자음 실현 및 인지양상: 형태적 환경을 중심으로

백선주 현대영미어문학회 2020 현대영미어문학 Vol.38 No.4

The goal of this study is to explain whether Korean L2 speakers pronounce geminate fricatives differently from native speakers across morphological boundaries. Also, this study investigates the relationship of the geminate length speakers pronounce and perceive. Although the length of consonant is distinctive in Korean but not in English, there have been different veiwpoints on the length of geminates in English. There are fewer studies on the geminate length across morphological boundaries than those on the segment length. 24 people, 12 native speakers and 12 Korean speakers, took part in one production test and two perception tests. This study shows that most of the native speakers pronounce geminates longer than singletons in compound and word boundaries. It also shows the rate between the geminate length and that of the singleton is related to articulation. Furthermore, most participants perceive geminates from the consonant length across morpheme or at the word boundaries. On the other hand, the British English speakers rarely perceive the difference between the length of singtletons and that of geminates in American English. The Korean speakers produce both singletons and geminates longer than the native speakers do and perceive the difference between singletons and geminates better than the natives do. .

한국인 화자들의 음절화와 음성실현의괴리에 따른 함축적 관계 규명

오관영 대한언어학회 2013 언어학 Vol.21 No.4

The purpose of this study is to investigate how Korean and English speakers syllabify two-syllable English words with single intervocalic consonants in written and listening tasks. Through analyses of Korean and English speakers, I tried to identify whether their syllabification was affected by phonological factors of stress position, vowel length, and consonant type. For this, I classified responses of both subjects into response 1(e.g., col/or), response 2(e.g., co/lor), and response 1-2(e.g., co-l-or). In written tasks, both English and Korean speakers mostly tended to put intervocalic consonants in the second stressed syllable, which follows the Maximal Onset Principle. But, while English speakers were generally influenced by consonant type, vowel length, and stress, Koreans were affected only by consonant type, especially nasals and obstruents, regardless of stress position or vowel length. In listening tasks, responses of 1 and 2 in both speakers showed almost identical patterns witnessed in those of the written tasks. However, in response 1-2, English speakers were affected by vowel length and stress position, but Koreans were strongly influenced by consonant type, that is, liquids, which reflected the influence of the syllable structure of their native language.

4세 설소대 단축증 아동과 정상 아동의 혀의 최대 신장 길이 및 혀의 운동성에 따른 치조음 발음 양상의 비교

최재남,김영호,심현섭,최홍식,Choi, Jae-Nam,Kim, Young-Ho,Sim, Hyun-Sub,Shoi, Hong-Shik 대한후두음성언어의학회 2004 대한후두음성언어의학회지 Vol.15 No.2

Background and Objectives : The current study aimed to 1) compare of Lingual function and alveolar sounds between 4-year-old Korean children with and without ankyloglossia, 2) investigate the correlation between ① maximum lingual length-protrusion(MLL-P) and percentage of consonants corrects(PCC) focused on alveolar sounds, ② lingual movement and PCC focused on alveolar sounds, ③ MLL-P and lingual movement. Materials and Method : Twenty-two 4-year-old children participated as subjects in the study: a control group of 11 normal children and an experimental group of 11 children who were previously diagnosed as having ankyloglossia. They were measured for lingual function (lingual length, lingual movement) and the performances of speech articulation. Results : Children with ankyloglossia displayed significantly shorter MLL-P than 4 year normal children. Experimental group displayed significantly worse lingual movement, lower PCC in Picture consonants test, and lower PCC of alveolar sounds than control group. Ther was significantly high correlation between MLL-P and lingual movement of experimental group. Conclusion : This paper describes clinical measure and functional aspects of the tongue. Such baseline analysis provides a more definitive appraisal of lingual function as well as a more objective basis for diagnosis and treatment of ankyloglossia.

중국인 한국어 학습자의 종성 삽입과 음의 길이에 대한 음성학적 고찰

윤은경 이중언어학회 2017 이중언어학 Vol.68 No.-

The purpose of this study is to elucidate the extent to which the sound length of a segment affects the perception of the number of segments in the velar sound [k]. It has been found that Korean listeners perceived the speech sound produced by Chinese speakers as having a [k ̚̚] inserted in the syllable coda (i.e., [sek ̚.gi] or [sek ̚.k'i]) for ‘세기’[se.gi]. In addition, they perceived ‘책이’ [ʧɛ.gi] as having an implosive [k ̚̚] in the coda position(i,e., *[ʧɛk ̚.gi/ʧɛk ̚.k'i]). A number of acoustic cues such as V₁, stop closure duration, VOT, V₁'s rato (V₁/(V₁+closure duration)) were measured for this experiment. Based on the findings of this study via Multiple Regression Analysis in SPSS, it appears that the duration of the stop closure is an overriding factor in perception of coda insertions. This finding indicates the closure duration is closely aligned to the perception of the number of segments. That is, when the closure duration is longer at a threshold level, listeners tend to create the illusion of the coda insertion. Therefore, the importance of considering the lengths of closure duration should be taught for the Korean pronunciation of stop sounds.

知覚学習システムを利用した促音の聴取訓練による学習効果の検証

鮮于媚,田嶋圭一,加藤宏明,匂坂芳典 대한일어일문학회 2011 일어일문학 Vol.51 No.-

To establish an effective perceptual training method for non?native listeners, the present study investigated the effectiveness of perceptual training on the distinction between single and geminate consonants for Korean?speaking learners of Japanese. In particular, the present study examined how the effectiveness of perceptual training is influenced by the following factors, which are known to affect perception of phonemic length contrasts by non?native listeners: type of consonant involved in consonant length contrast, position of vowel length contrast, and accent type (HL and LH). Two different types of perceptual training were conducted. One was training using stimuli contrasting in single and geminate consonants spoken at a single (normal) speaking rate (fixed?rate training). The other was training using stimuli spoken at three (fast, normal, slow) speaking rates (mixed?rate training). The results showed that perceptual training improved the learners’ ability to identify consonant length contrasts for both the fixed?rate training group and the mixed?rate training group. In addition, there was no significant difference in accuracy between plosive consonants and fricative consonants before training; also, both types of consonant significantly improved in accuracy after training. However, vowel length contrasts showed differences in accuracy depending on accent type and within?word position. Specifically, vowel length contrasts which appeared in word?final position and which appeared in words whose accent type was falling (HL) were the most difficult to identify for Korean?speaking learners; these words did not significantly improve in accuracy even after intensive perceptual training. These results suggest that perceptual training of consonant contrast helps Korean?speaking learners’ perception ability of length contrast limited extent.

영․미 원어민 및 한국어화자의 영어 겹자음 실현 및 인지양상: 폐쇄음의 형태적 요인을 중심으로

백선주 언어과학회 2019 언어과학연구 Vol.0 No.90

Although consonant length is not distinctive in English, there has been a controversy as to whether the length of geminate consonants is phonetically longer than singletons. There have been few studies comparing the length of geminates across morphological boundaries. The goal of this research is to examine how native speakers (American and British) and Korean L2 speakers pronounce geminate stops differently over various morphological boundaries. Also, this study investigates the length speakers perceive consonants as geminates from 24 participants took one production test and two perception tests. The results showed most native speakers pronounced geminates in compound and word boundaries longer than singletons. Furthermore, they could perceive geminates from the length on morpheme or word boundaries. However, Korean speakers produces both singletons and geminates longer and perceive less difference between singletons and geminates than natives do.

Vowel length difference before voiced/voiceless consonants in English and Korean

Seung-Jae Moon 한국음성학회 2017 말소리와 음성과학 Vol.9 No.4

The existence and the extent of vowel length difference before voiced/voiceless consonants in English and Korean are examined in three groups: (1) Korean-speaking Americans (group A), (2) immigrants who moved to the U.S. in their early teens (group I), and (3) Koreans who have been in the U.S. for less than 3 years (group K). 14 subjects were recorded reading 10 English and 10 Korean sentences. The results show that the three groups exhibit different patterns of the vowel length difference: Group A shows a very strong tendency of vowel lengthening before voiced consonants in both English and Korean, while Group I shows less degree of vowel lengthening, and Group K shows almost no tendency of vowel length difference in both languages. This strongly suggests that, (1) unlike English, Korean does not have the vowel length difference depending on the following consonants, and (2) the vowel lengthening effect observed in Korean (L2) speech in group A may be the result of transfer of the phonetic trait acquired in English (L1). It also implies that, in teaching pronunciation, some facts such as the vowel length difference cannot be expected to be acquired automatically for the learners of English, but have to be taught explicitly.

The Vowel Length as a Function of the Articulatory Force of the Following Consonants in Korean

Kim, Dae-Won Korean Society of Speech Sciences 2002 음성과학 Vol.9 No.3

This study was designed to determine (1) the effects of the following stop consonant on the vowel length in isolated bi-syllabic words, (2) the mechanism which renders vowels longer in duration before lax stops than tense stops, (3) where the aspiratory interval is included, in the vowel portion or the preceding consonantal portion and (4) the influence of the preceding consonants upon the duration of the following vowel. Measurements were made of five timing variables on acoustic signals as three native Korean speakers uttered isolated bi-syllabic /VCV/ words in which the vowel was identical, /$\alpha$/, and the C slot was filled with bilabial stops. Findings: (1) the vowel length before the lax stops was significantly longer than before the tense stops, while the difference in the vowel duration between the tense stops was insignificant or negligible, (2) the vowel length varied as a function of the articulatory force of the following consonants, regardless of the phonological unit of syllable, (3) The aspiratory interval is interpreted as a portion of the preceding consonant and (4) The effects of the preceding consonants on the final vowel length were not rule-governed.

Consonant Doubling, Vowel Lengthening and English Stress

김효영 한국영어학회 2011 영어학 Vol.11 No.2

This paper aims to see whether spelling of words,more specifically consonant doubling, affects the way stress is assigned and how novel orthographic stimuli are pronounced with focus on the vowel quality and quantity. For the purpose, a small experiment was conducted with 15 trisyllabic nonsense words such as Podory/Poddory/Podorry and 5 native speakers of English. Stress locations were marked and vowel quality and quantity of stressed syllables were recorded. The results suggest that there is no double consonant effect on stress assignment in English nonsense words. Besides, contrary to the prediction of the English Stress Rules,overall, speakers preferred the penultimate syllable stress. This result seems to be confusing because they do not follow the English Stress Rules. However, measurement of the vowel length suggests that the subjects treat the penultimate syllables differently from the antepenultimate syllables, supporting the idea that the subjects have the knowledge of the English Stress Rule, indeed. Though the speakers keep the same vowel quality in both stressed penultimate and stressed antepenultimate syllables, they distinguish them by vowel lengthening; the speakers articulate the antepenultimate vowels with short duration when they assign stress on the antepenultimate syllable. Interestingly enough, however, they lengthen the vowel of the penultimate syllable when they assign stress on the penultimate syllable. Accordingly, it can be concluded that the implicit knowledge of English stress rule, supposed to be internalized in native speakers' mind, exerts influence on the pronunciation of the nonsense words.