Differential gene expression by chrysotile in human bronchial epithelial cells

서우나,이미영,이용진 한국통합생물학회 2012 Animal cells and systems Vol.16 No.2

Asbestos exposure has been known to contribute to several lung diseases named asbestosis, malignant mesothelioma and lung cancer, but the disease-related molecular and cellular mechanisms are still largely unknown. To examine the effects of asbestos exposure in human bronchial epithelial cells at gene level, the global gene expression profile was analyzed following chrysotile treatment. The microarray results revealed differential gene expression in response to chrysotile treatment. The genes up- and down-regulated by chrysotile were mainly involved in processes including metabolism, signal transduction, transport, development, transcription, immune response, and other functions. The differential gene expression profiles could provide clues that might be used to understand the pathological mechanisms and therapeutic targets involved in chrysotile-related diseases.

Differential gene expression by chrysotile in human bronchial epithelial cells

Seo, Yoo-Na,Lee, Yong-Jin,Lee, Mi-Young The Korean Society for Integrative Biology 2012 Animal cells and systems Vol.16 No.2

Asbestos exposure has been known to contribute to several lung diseases named asbestosis, malignant mesothelioma and lung cancer, but the disease-related molecular and cellular mechanisms are still largely unknown. To examine the effects of asbestos exposure in human bronchial epithelial cells at gene level, the global gene expression profile was analyzed following chrysotile treatment. The microarray results revealed differential gene expression in response to chrysotile treatment. The genes up- and down-regulated by chrysotile were mainly involved in processes including metabolism, signal transduction, transport, development, transcription, immune response, and other functions. The differential gene expression profiles could provide clues that might be used to understand the pathological mechanisms and therapeutic targets involved in chrysotile-related diseases.

국내 석면 고형시료 중 석면의 종류 및 함유량에 관한 연구

최호춘 ( Ho Chun Choi ),안선희 ( Sun Hee Ahn ),홍좌령 ( Jwa Ryung Hong ),전봉환 ( Bong Hwan Jeon ),이용필 ( Young Pil Lee ),박정일 ( Chung Yill Park ) 한국산업위생학회 2011 한국산업보건학회지 Vol.21 No.4

Objectives: According to the compliance of the asbestos-related regulation, every building has to be inspected for asbestos presence before its abatement work. This study was performed for identifying the types and contents of asbestos in building bulk samples. Materials and Methods Materials and Methods: Bulk samples were collected during the asbestos inspection in 2010. We grouped the bulk samples into the regulated asbestos containing materials(RACM), presumed asbestos containing materials(PACM), and construction products. Additionally, the types of asbestos in all bulk samples were identified by polarization microscopy(PLM). Results: The RACMs were from building, house, pipe and facility. The RACMs were found mainly building (72.1%) and house (93.7%). The contents of chrysotile in building, house and facility were 66.9% (1-90%), 89.7% (2-90%) and 11.0% (2-90%), respectively. PACMs were surfacing material, thermal system insulation (TSI), and miscellaneous material. The miscellaneous materials that showed a high detection rate (79.2%) were ceiling, roofing and wall materials. Among them, the roofing materials had high chrysotile content(9.7%, 2-21%), followed by wall (8.7%, 2-21%) and ceiling (3.4%, 1-17%). In the construction products, asbestos was found mainly in slate (92.6%, 2-21%), including chrysotile. The slate had high asbestos content (9.7%, 2-21%), followed by cement flat board (8.7%, 2-19%) and textile (3.4%, 1-17%) Conclusions: Utilizing these results, it would be contributed to construct a useful ACM database and prevent from asbestos exposure to workers in the asbestos abatement and maintenance works..

석면에 의한 CHO 세포의 염색체 이상 유발 기전에 관한 연구

정해원,김현주 한국독성학회 1995 Toxicological Research Vol.11 No.1

In order to examine the mechanism of asbestos clastogenicity, CHO cells were treated with chrysotile and crocidolite. Crocidolite and chrysotile were able to induce lipid peroxidation in a dose dependent manner. Ultrafiltrate of culture media from CHO cells treated with chrysotile/crocidolite induced sister chromatid exchange in CHO cells. Ultrafiltrate of culture media from CHO cells treated with chrysotile induced chromosome aberration but it was not statistically significant. Simultaneous treatment of 3-Aminobenzamide (3-AB) or cytosine arabinoside (Ara C) with crocidolite had no effect on the frequency of chromosome aberration by crocidolite whetease posttreatment of caffeine significantly increased the chromosomel aberration by crocidolite. This indicated that DNA damage by asbestos took place at late stage of cell cycle. The results suggested that the ultrafiltrate of media contained clastogenic factor (CF) and lipid peroxidation might be involved in the formation of CF.

암면에 의한 세포독성 및 변이원성의 실험실적 평가

홍윤철,이관희,Hong, Yun-Chul,Lee, Kwan-Hee 대한예방의학회 1997 예방의학회지 Vol.30 No.3

This study was carried out to evaluate the cytotoxicity of rock wool fibers(RWFs) such as cell division disturbance, chromosomal and DNA damage, and mutagenicity using cultured cells. RWFs were the man made mineral fibers. In order to find the correlation between the cytotoxicity of RWFs and the phagocytic capacity of cells, the phagocytic processes were observed using scanning electron microscope. Cell division disturbance by RWFs was evaluated by the formation of multinucleated giant cells. The chromosomal damage was evaluated by the micronucleus formation. For the evaluation of oxidative DNA damage, 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-OH-dG) formation was measured utilizing calf thymus DNA. Mutagenicity was determined by the point mutation of HGPRT and the effect of RWFs on cell transformation was also observed. 1. Compared with the results of chrysotile, RWFs were no or little effect on the cell growth according to the results done by the tests of cell proliferation inhibition and relative plating efficiency. 2. The frequency of multinucleated giant cell formation was increased by the treatment of RWFs and it was dose-dependent. However, the effect of RWFs was weaker than that of chrysotile. 3. The number of micronuclei formed in the RWFs treated cells was between those of cells treated with chrysotile and those of untreated cells. 4. The 2 fold increase in the formation of 8-OH-dG in calf thymus DNA was observed in the cells treated with RWFs in the presence of $H_2O_2$. On the other hand, chrysotile had no effect on the 8-OH-dG formation. 5. RWFs had no effect on the HGPRT point mutation and cell transformation. These results showed that RWFs could induce chromosomal damage, cell division disturbance and oxidative DNA damage in the RWFs treated cells.

국내 건축자재에 함유된 석면의 함량에 대한 X-선회절분석 연구

황진연 ( Jin Yeon Hwang ),이효민 ( Hyo Min Lee ),오지호 ( Ji Ho Oh ),박기남 ( Gi Nam Park ) 한국광물학회 2011 광물과 암석 (J.Miner.Soc.Korea) Vol.24 No.2

대표적인 일부 건축자재의 석면 함량을 일본공업표준법(JIS)에 따른 X-선회절분석으로 측정하였고, 분석과정에서의 광물학적 성분변화와 문제점을 검토하였다. 국내의 슬레이트, 벽재, 천장재의 대표적인 건축자재에 대해 석면 함량을 정량한 결과, 슬레이트 시료가 6.87~6.93%의 온석면을 함유하여 가장 많은 석면을 함유하고 있는 것으로 분석되었다. 분석된 다른 건축자재들에서도 1.35~3.98%의 범위로 다양한 양의 온석면이 포함되어 있는 것으로 분석되었다. 이번 연구에서 국내에서 처음으로 일부 건축자재의 석면 함량에 대한 X-선회절방법에 의한 분석결과를 제시하였으며, 이런 방법을 통하여 국내에서 최근에 개정된 규정(노동부 산업안전보건법 제2007-26호)에서 규정한 석면의 허용기준량 0.1% 함량을 평가하는데 효과적인 것으로 나타났다. 일부 시료에서 온석면과 함께 투각섬석이 소량 수반되고 있음이 나타났으나, 이들의 결정형태와 그 함량과 지질학적 산출상태 등으로 보아, 석면 활용의 목적으로 첨가한 것이 아니고 온석면에 본래 수반되었던 불순광물로 나타난 것으로 생각된다. X-선회절분석으로 석면상과 비석면상의 구분이 어렵기 때문에 형태를 관찰할 수 있는 광학현미경과 전자현미경의 보조적인 관찰도 필요한 것으로 나타났다. 이번에 사용한 X-선회절분석 방법에서는 가열처리와 산처리에 의한 소실율이 많아 석면의 농집도가 높은 건축자재 시료에 가장 효과적인 것으로 나타났다. The asbestos contents in some representative building materials were analyzed using JIS (Japanese Industrial Standard) X-ray diffraction (XRD) method. The changes in mineral composition during analysis process and problems in JIS method were also examined. XRD analysis of some representative domestic building materials used for roof, wall, ceiling, and floor indicates that slate have the highest asbestos content having 6.87~6.93% of chrysotile. Other building materials analyzed in this study also have 1.35~3.98% of chrysotile contents. The XRD analysis results of asbestos contents in some domestic building materials are presented in this study. This method is very effective for the asbestos content evaluation of building materials according to newly modified asbestos content regulation (Law of Industrial Safety and Health, 2007-26) that limits asbestos content less than 0.1% by Ministry of Employment and Labor. Small amount of tremolite as well as chrysotile were also observed in some samples. With consideration of crystal shape, contents and geological occurrence, it is considered that tremolite is an associated mineral of chrysotile and is not intentionally added. Complemental analyses with optical microscope and SEM/EDS are also necessary because XRD method cannot distinguish asbestiform from non-asbestiform. The XRD method applied in this study is very effective in the asbestos content analysis of building materials, specially building materials showing high asbestos concentration in residues due to the high loss rate with ashing and acid dissolution procedure.

국내산 백석면과 안소필라이트의 물리화학적 특성과 호흡기계 내 변화 연구

정용현 ( Yong Hyun Chung ),한정희 ( Jeong Hee Han ),강민구 ( Min Gu Kang ),김종규 ( Jong Kyu Kim ),양정선 ( Jeong Sun Yang ) 한국산업위생학회 2012 한국산업보건학회지 Vol.22 No.3

Objectives: To assess the hazard of Korea chrysotile and anthophylite, fibers were analyzed for their physicochemical properties by transmission electron microscope equipped with energy dispersive X-ray spectrometer (TEM-EDS). Methods: To evaluate the biopersistence of 2 domestic asbestos, Sprague-Dawely rats were exposed to 2 mg asbestos by intratracheal instillation. Each asbestos (chrysotile; 8,814,244 × 106 fibers/mg, average size 0.08 um × 4.39 um, anthophyllite ; 5,182 × 106 fibers/mg, average size 0.95 um × 7.29 um) were evaluated after a single intratracheal instillation. At times from 1 week to 4 weeks after exposure, the numbers of asbestos fivers in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid and in the lung were calculated. Results: Anthophyllite fivers continuously have retained for 4 weeks but chrysotile fivers were rarely found at 4 weeks after exposure in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. Chrysotile fivers at 4 weeks after treatment were not observed but anthophyllite was easily observed in the lung with phase contrast microscopy. According to electron microscopic observation of asbestos in the lung, within 1 week after the administration of chrysotile fivers were decreased rapidly but anthophyllite fivers were very little change for 4 weeks. When chrysotile fivers have been lost Fe in 1 week, there were no significant changes in anthophyllite fivers in the lung. Conclusions: These findings indicate that after a long time exposure to chrysotile, asbestos bodies cannot be found in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid.

충북지역 건축물 형태에 따른 고형 석면 분포 조사

정춘화 한국실내환경학회 2012 한국실내환경학회지 Vol.9 No.3

This study was performed to investigate the asbestos contents on bulk samples of 4 building types(public, commercial, residential, school) in chungbuk area and collected from june 3, 2010 to July 10, 2011. We classified the bulk samples into the regulated asbestos containing building materials(ACBM) and architecture materials by 4 building types at removal and disposal sites. The results were as follows. The detection rate of the ACBMs were found mainly public(86.6%), and residential (82.1%) buildings. The founded asbestos were chrysotile and amosite. Compared with 4 building types, the contents of chrysotile in public, commercial, residential and school were 32.6% (3-70%), 43.9% (5-87%), 39.6(5-72%) and 46.7%(range 4-89%), respectively. The miscellaneous materials were found chrysotile and a mixed form with chrysotile and amosite for 4 building types. In the architecture materials, the contents of chrysotile was found mainly in slate (11.4%, range 2-37%). The slate in residential had high asbestos content of chrysotile (15.9%, range 1-31%). The textiles which collected from 4 building types were found chrysotile, the mixed form. The contents of chrysotile in cement flat board in public, commercial, residential and school were 8.9% (2-24%), 7.1% (1-16%), 7.9%(1-29%) and 3.7%(1-9%), respectively. In conclusion, this study is suggested that it should be contributed to manage the ACBM in 4 building types and to protect the health of workers at building removal sites.

중량당 섬유수가 다른 국내산 석면이 폐 기능과 폐 조직에 미치는 영향 평가

정용현 ( Yong Hyun Chung ),한정희 ( Jeong Hee Han ),강민구 ( Min Gu Kang ),김종규 ( Jong Kyu Kim ),양정선 ( Jeong Sun Yang ) 한국산업위생학회 2012 한국산업보건학회지 Vol.22 No.4

Objectives: To evaluate the pulmonary toxicity of 2 Korea asbestos(chrysotile, anthophyllite), Sprague-Dawely rats were exposed to 2 mg domestic asbestos by intratracheal instillation(IT). Methods: Lung function of rats was analyzed by pressure transducer(MAX1320, Buxco Electronics, USA). The effects of 2 mg asbestos(chrysotile; 8,814,244 × 106 fibers/mg, average diameter 0.08 μm, average length 4.39 μm, anthophyllite; 5,182 × 106 fibers/mg, average diameter 0.95 μm, average length 7.29 μm) on pulmonary function and pathological changes were evaluated at after a single IT. Lung function and histopathological evaluation were assessed in 5 animals from each group at each time point. Results: Due to differences in fiber numbers, chrysotile induce marked lung pathology and lung function change than anthophyllite at the same mass dose. Chrysotile showed notable thickening of interstitial areas surrounding the alveolar ducts and terminal bronchioles. Conclusions: On a mass dose basis, chrysotile that have 1,700 times numbers of fibers per unit weight than anthophyllite produced a greater persistent lung injury than anthophllite for at least 4 weeks after exposure.

충남 서부 사문석 광산 내 석면의 산출유형

송석환,황정환,황범구,손해영,김현욱 한국산업보건학회 2009 한국산업보건학회지 Vol.19 No.1

This study is for the occurrence types of asbestos within 2 serpentinite mines, Baekdong and Kwangsi, Chungnam. They were exploited as serpentinite mines for several decades and closed in the 1980's. Asbestos with associated minerals were collected from the serpentinite bodies. They were examined with microscopes and FESEM, and analysed with EPMA, XRD and EDX to confirm for the types and/or compositions of the minerals. The serpentinites contain asbestos and nonasbestos minerals. Asbestos include chrysotile, tremolite and actinolite. The chrysotiles occur as veins of several ㎜ to cm thickness with random directions. The tremolite and actinolite occur along cracks and fractures of several ㎝ to ten ㎝ thickness. They show mineralogical characteristics showing common asbestos under the microscope. Non-asbestos including chrysotile, lizardite, antigorite, tremolite and actinolite were also found within the serpentinite. The serpentines form pseudomorphic mesh textures, and also show hourglass or ribbon textures. The tremolite and actinolite were formed from the alterations of the pyroxenes and amphiboles, and plot between tremolite and magnesio hornblende. Tremolitic grains are colorless and occur as commonly elongated grains whereas the magnesio hornblende grains mainly show light green and occur as subhedral to euhedral grains. Overall results suggest that three types of asbestos were found in the Baekdong and Kwangsi serpentinite mines with varieties of the occurrences. Based on the occurrence types for the asbestos, additional studies are required for the asbestos of the top soil and the air. This study is for the occurrence types of asbestos within 2 serpentinite mines, Baekdong and Kwangsi, Chungnam. They were exploited as serpentinite mines for several decades and closed in the 1980's. Asbestos with associated minerals were collected from the serpentinite bodies. They were examined with microscopes and FESEM, and analysed with EPMA, XRD and EDX to confirm for the types and/or compositions of the minerals. The serpentinites contain asbestos and nonasbestos minerals. Asbestos include chrysotile, tremolite and actinolite. The chrysotiles occur as veins of several ㎜ to cm thickness with random directions. The tremolite and actinolite occur along cracks and fractures of several ㎝ to ten ㎝ thickness. They show mineralogical characteristics showing common asbestos under the microscope. Non-asbestos including chrysotile, lizardite, antigorite, tremolite and actinolite were also found within the serpentinite. The serpentines form pseudomorphic mesh textures, and also show hourglass or ribbon textures. The tremolite and actinolite were formed from the alterations of the pyroxenes and amphiboles, and plot between tremolite and magnesio hornblende. Tremolitic grains are colorless and occur as commonly elongated grains whereas the magnesio hornblende grains mainly show light green and occur as subhedral to euhedral grains. Overall results suggest that three types of asbestos were found in the Baekdong and Kwangsi serpentinite mines with varieties of the occurrences. Based on the occurrence types for the asbestos, additional studies are required for the asbestos of the top soil and the air.