아동 불안에 영향을 미치는 사회인구학적 변인 및 우울에 관한 연구

고인숙 한국아동심리치료학회 2010 한국아동심리치료학회지 Vol.5 No.2

This study had two goals: the first goal was to investigate the effects of child's socio-demographic variables on child anxiety and the second was to investigate the effects of child anxiety on child depression. Three-hundred-and-twenty-eight elementary students participated in this study. For socio-demographic variables, child's gender, child's grade, father's academic attainment, mother's academic attainment, mother's status of employment, and parents' income levels were included. Child depression was measured using the Beck Youth Inventory-2 (BYI-2, Beck et al., 2005) and several dimensions of child anxiety (physical anxiety, overanxious, separation anxiety, test anxiety, and obsessive-compulsive dimensions) were measured using scales developed by this investigator for the purpose of this study. To address research questions, ANOVA's and multiple regression analyses were used. The study found that levels of child anxiety differed by child's gender, child's grade, father's academic attainment, mother's academic attainment, mother's status of employment, and parents' income levels. The study also found that children's levels of depression were affected by their levels of physical anxiety, overanxiety, test anxiety, and obsessive-compulsive symptoms. The findings of this study will increase understanding of child anxiety and provide useful information for the treatment of children with anxiety.

부모의 학대가 아동의 우울 및 불안에 미치는 영향: 아동의 또래애착 및 자아존중감의 매개효과

우수정,Woo, Su Jung 한국보육지원학회 2017 한국보육지원학회지 Vol.13 No.4

Objective: The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of child abuse, children's peer attachment and self-esteem on children's depression/anxiety. In addition, the mediating role of children's peer attachment and self-esteem between child abuse and children's depression/anxiety was investigated. Methods: Using the data of 396 children in grades 4~6 from the Korean Welfare Panel Study (2015), this study was conducted by applying Structural Equation Modeling (SEM). Results: The results of this study were as follows. First, child abuse had a direct influence on children's depression/anxiety, and self-esteem. Second, children's self-esteem had a direct influence on depression/anxiety. Third, children's self-esteem had mediating effects on the relationship between child abuse and children's depression/anxiety. Fourth, children's peer relationships had a direct influence on self-esteem. But, children's peer attachment did not have a direct influence on depression/anxiety. The effect of children's peer attachment on their depression/anxiety was partially mediated by children's self-esteem. Conclusion/Implications: In conclusion, child abuse, children's peer attachment and self-esteem have a direct or indirect impact on the depression/anxiety of children.

어머니의 거부민감성이 유아의 불안에 미치는 영향: 어머니-자녀 애착의 조절효과

강도희 ( Kang Do Hee ),장경은 ( Jahng Kyung Eun ) 한국유아교육학회 2024 유아교육연구 Vol.44 No.1

본 연구의 목적은 어머니의 거부민감성이 유아의 불안에 미치는 영향을 알아보고, 어머니의 거부민감성과 유아의 불안 간의 관계에서 어머니-자녀 애착이 조절효과를 나타내는지 알아보는 것이다. 이를 위해 5∼6세 유아기 자녀를 둔 어머니를 대상으로 설문조사를 실시하였으며, 최종 280부를 대상으로 SPSS 25.0 통계 프로그램과 Process Macro 3.5의 Model 1을 이용하여 분석하였다. 연구결과, 어머니-자녀 애착은 어머니의 거부민감성과 유아의 불안 간의 관계에서 부분적으로 조절효과를 보이는 것으로 나타났다. 그래프를 통해 조절효과의 구체적인 방향과 강도를 살펴본 결과, 어머니의 거부민감성이 낮을 때에는 어머니-자녀 애착을 통해 유아의 불안이 더 낮아지지만, 어머니의 거부민감성이 높을 경우 어머니-자녀 애착을 통해 유아의 불안을 낮추는 데 큰 역할을 하지 못하였다. 이러한 결과는 어머니의 거부민감성 관련한 상담 및 자녀와의 애착 관계 형성을 위한 양육 코칭, 유아의 불안을 완화시키기 위한 놀이치료 등의 개입이 필요함을 시사한다. The aim of this study is to investigate the impact of maternal rejection sensitivity on child anxiety and determine whether mother-child attachment moderates the relationship between maternal rejection sensitivity and child anxiety. For this purpose, a survey was conducted with mothers of children aged 5 to 6. The data from a final sample of 280 participants were analyzed using SPSS 25.0 statistical software and Model 1 from PROCESS Macro 3.5. The research findings revealed that mother-child attachment partially moderates the relationship between maternal rejection sensitivity and child anxiety. Examining the specific direction and strength of the moderation effect through graphs, it was found that when maternal rejection sensitivity was low, mother-child attachment led to lower child anxiety. However, when maternal rejection sensitivity was high, mother-child attachment did not play a significant role in reducing child anxiety. These results suggest the need for interventions related to maternal rejection sensitivity, parenting coaching for building attachment relationships with children, and play therapy to alleviate child anxiety.

자녀의 초등학교 입학 전후 어머니의 양육불안에 미치는 영향요인 분석

신수희 한국보육지원학회 2019 한국보육지원학회지 Vol.15 No.6

Objective: The purpose of this study is to find the tendencies and differences of mother’s child-rearing anxiety before and after their children enter into elementary school, to analyze the factors influencing child-rearing anxiety at each time, and thereby to seek a support plan at the time of transition. Methods: The subjects of this study were 181 mothers who participated in two surveys which were conducted before and after their child entered into elementary school. Results: Firstly, mother’s child-rearing anxiety before and after their children’s entrance into elementary school was at a middle level, but increased significantly when they experienced their children’s transition to elementary school. Secondly, mother's child-rearing anxiety, before their children’s entrance into elementary school, was influenced by private education, the collection of educational information, cognitive ability, whether or not to develop a work status change plan, and birth order sequentially. Thirdly, child-rearing anxiety after their children’s entrance into elementary school was significantly influenced by child-rearing anxiety before their children’s entrance into elementary school and the mother’s employment. Conclusion/Implications: This study is meaningful in the point that it suggested the necessity for the cooperation between multiple systems, such as systematic and stepwise parenting education, the importance of offering information to educational institutions and local governments, and for work-family support policy to prioritize children in order to support children’s successful transition into elementary school.

아동의 불확실성에 대한 인내력 부족과 부모의 맞춤관여(Parental Accommodation)가 아동의 분리불안에 미치는 영향

김다은(Da Eun Kim),송현주(Hyeon Joo Song) 한국발달지원학회 2021 발달지원연구 Vol.10 No.1

본 연구는 아동의 불안, 불확실성에 대한 인내력 부족, 부모의 맞춤관여의 관련성에 대해 확인하고 분리불안의 상위 집단과 하위 집단에 따라 불확실성에 대한 인내력 부족, 부모의 맞춤관여가 차이를 보이는지 검증하고자 하였다. 그리고 아동의 불확실성에 대한 인내력 부족과 부모의 맞춤관여가 아동의 분리불안에 어떠한 영향을 끼치는지 알아보고자 하였다. 이를 위해 초등학교 5학년과 6학년 아동과 부모 141쌍을 대상으로 자기보고식 설문을 실시하였다. 수집된 자료를 바탕으로 SPSS 21.0 프로그램을 활용하여 상관분석, t-검증, 위계적 회귀분석을 실시하였다. 그 결과, 아동의 불확실성에 대한 인내력 부족과 불안은 유의한 정적 상관을 보였다. 또한 분리불안 수준이 높은 집단은 낮은 집단보다 불확실성에 대한 인내력이 부족하고, 맞춤 관여 중 어머니의 관여를 더 많이 보이는 것으로 나타났다. 더불어 아동의 불확실성에 대한 인내력 부족과 부모의 맞춤관여 중 어머니의 관여와 어머니의 수정이 아동의 분리불안을 유의하게 설명하였다. 본 연구는 불안 성향이 높은 아동의 특성에 알맞은 부모 양육 지침에 대한 기초 자료로서 활용될 수 있으리라 사료된다. The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship among Child’s anxiety, Intolerance of Uncertainty and Parental Accommodation, and to verify the difference in Intolerance of Uncertainty and Parental Accommodation between group of high level of separation anxiety and group of low level of separation anxiety. And this study examined the influence of Intolerance of Uncertainty of child and Parental Accommodation in child with separation anxiety. For this purpose, surveys were conducted by 141 children who was 5th and 6th grade elementary school students and their mothers and fathers. Based on the data collected, Pearson’s correlation analysis, t-test, hierarchical regression analyses were performed using SPSS 21.0. The result of this study are as follow: child’s Intolerance of Uncertainty was positively correlated with child’s anxiety. And a group with a higher level of seperation anxiety less Intolerance of Uncertainty and more mother’s participation of Parental Accommodation than a group with lower level of separation anxiety. Furthermore child’s Intolerance of Uncertainty, mother’s participation and modification of Parental Accommodation explained significantly child’s separation anxiety. This study is considered to used as a basic data on parenting guidelines suitable for children with high anxiety tendencies.

정서불안정 모의 부적절 양육태도 개선과 아동불안 감소를 위한 모녀미술치료 효과

김효숙,최외선 한국예술심리치료학회 2007 예술심리치료연구 Vol.3 No.1

본 연구의 목적은 모녀미술치료가 모의 양육태도 변화와 아동의 불안 감소에 미치는 영향과 미술치료과정에 따른 모녀관계의 변화에 대해 규명해 보고자 하였다. 연구방법은 초등학교 5학년인 샛별이(가명)와 모를 대상으로 2006년 4월13일부터 7월21일까지 주1회-2회 4시간 총23회기 실시하였다. 연구방법으로 아동에게는 학교생활화, 동그라미 중심 가족화(PSCD), 불안검사를 사전․사후․추후에 실시하여 가족에 대한 지각과 불안수준의 변화 상태를 분석하였으며, 모에게는 양육태도 검사, 동적 가족화를 사전․사후․추후에 실시하여 모의 양육태도와 심리상태를 분석하였다. 본 연구의 결과와 논의를 통해 얻어진 결론은 다음과 같다. 첫째, 모녀미술치료가 모의 양육태도 변화에 효과가 있는 것으로 나타났다. 둘째, 모녀미술치료는 아동의 불안 감소에 효과가 있는 것으로 나타났다. 셋째, 모녀미술치료는 모녀관계에 긍정적인 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 따라서 본 연구에서 모의 양육태도 변화와 아동의 불안감소를 위한 모녀 미술치료 는 모의 양육행동개선에 효과적이라고 볼 수 있으며, 불안아동의 심리치료에 유용하게 쓰일 수 있다. The purpose of this study is to investigate if and how an art therapy program for the dyad of mother and daughter can be helpful to change the mother's attitude of raising the child, so as to reduce the daughter's anxiety caused by the mother. Study subjects are Setbyulyee (a fictitious name), an elementary school child in the fifth grade, and her mother, both of whom received total 23 sessions of art therapy from April 13 to July 21, 2006, with one session-two session a week and each meeting lasting 4 hours. Research tools used for the child are PSCD, and pre-, post- and following-tests for Anxiety scale in order to analyze the child's perceptions as to her school life and family as well as changes of the child's anxiety level; on the other hand, the mother was given a scale of parenting attitude together with pre-, post- and following-tests for KFD to check the mother's attitude and psychological condition regarding the child's education. The results obtained from the study and discussion of it are as follows. First, art therapy for mother-daughter dyad proves to be effective for parenting attitude changes, in the sense that the therapy has improved the mother's level of kind-feeling and acceptance on her parenting attitude while it has reduced her attitude or behavior of disapproval and punishment. This indicates that the mother realized during the art therapy her parenting attitude ineffective, and changed her attitude to become more lenient and acceptive. Second, the mother-daughter dyadic art therapy helps to reduce the child's anxiety to the extent that during the therapy the child could hold of her anxiety and become relaxed and stable to express her repressed feelings, which itself reduces the level of the child anxiety. Third, art therapy of mother-daughter dyad gives the dyad a change in their relationship in a way that the mother found her parenting attitude not working, then changed and improved on it; and in the meantime, the daughter reciprocated the mother's change with her own positive behavioral changes to end up with recovery of their good mother-daughter relationship. Accordingly, this study would claim that an art therapy program for mother-daughter dyad can be very effective to improve the mother's parenting attitude and as a consequence to alleviate the child's anxiety, and might be useful for psychotherapy on children with anxiety.

아동학대가 우울,불안과 공격성에 미치는 지속 효과와 최신 효과에 대한 종단 연구

김수정(Soo Jung Kim),정익중(Ick Joong Chung) 한국아동복지학회 2013 한국아동복지학 Vol.- No.43

본 연구는 아동학대의 종단적 패턴에 따라 우울·불안과 공격성에 미치는 지속 효과와 최신 효과가 어떠한지 살펴보고자 하였다. 이를 위해 한국 복지패널 1차, 4차, 7차년도 자료를 사용하였으며, 2006년 기준 4∼6학년 초등학생 475명이 분석에 포함되었다. 본 연구의 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 1차년도의 최신 학대를 경험한 아동과 4차, 7차년도의 지속 학대를 경험한 아동이 학대를 경험하지 않은 아동에 비해 우울·불안 수준이 높은 것으로 확인되었다. 그러나 4차와 7차년도의 최신 학대와 간헐 학대는 우울·불안에 유의한 영향을 미치지 않았다. 둘째, 1차, 4차년도의 최신 학대를 경험한 아동과 4차, 7차년도의 지속 학대를 경험한 아동이 학대를 경험하지 않은 아동에 비해 공격성 수준이 높은 것으로 확인되었다. 그러나 4차와 7차년도의 간헐 학대와 7차년도의 최신 학대는 공격성에 유의한 영향을 미치지 않았다. 일반적으로 우울·불안과 공격성에 아동학대의 지속 효과가 강력하고 초등학교 시기에는 아동학대의 최신 효과도 존재함을 확인할 수 있었다. 이러한 결과를 바탕으로 아동학대의 조기 발견과 개입 방안, 부모의 양육능력 사정을 통한 선별적 관리, 아동학대 피해자의 지속적인 모니터링 사후관리 체계 마련, 부모교육 실시 등을 제안하였다. The purpose of this study is to examine the persistent and recency effects of child maltreatment on child depression·anxiety and aggression. The first, fourth, and seventh waves of Korean Welfare Panel Study(KWPS) data were utilized. The first wave of KWPS and child supplemental study was conducted with 4~6th graders in elementary schools in 2006. Four hundred and seventy five children who participated in all three waves of KWPS were included. The results of this study are as follows. First, it was confirmed that children who experienced recent child maltreatment in the first wave and experienced persistent child maltreatment during the fourth and seventh waves were associated with higher levels of depression·anxiety compared with nonmaltreated children. However, recent and occasional maltreatment in fourth and seventh waves did not have significant impacts on child depression·anxiety. Second, children who experienced recent child maltreatment in the first and fourth waves and children who experienced persistent child maltreatment in the fourth and seventh waves showed much higher levels of aggression compared with nonmaltreated children. In contrast, occasional maltreatment in the fourth and seventh waves and recent maltreatment in the seventh wave were not significantly associated with child aggression. In sum, the persistent effects were much stronger but the recency effects of child maltreatment were significant only in elementary school years. Findings suggest that early detection and intervention of child maltreatment is important for prevention of persistent maltreatment. Futhermore, there is a need to prepare continuous follow-up system for the victims of child maltreatment.

Measuring Anxiety in Children: A Methodological Review of the Literature

한해라 한국간호과학회 2009 Asian Nursing Research Vol.3 No.2

This paper provides a comprehensive methodological review of the literature concerning anxiety measurement in children. Initially, a conceptual basis for anxiety measures is introduced, followed by specific approaches to measuring childhood anxiety based on 14 original articles. In particular, a variety of strategies that have been used in previous research are discussed in detail with theoretical underpinnings. Common approaches to measure anxiety such as self-reported instruments, observational ratings, and behavioral checklists are reviewed one by one with a critical look at the strengths and weaknesses of each of these approaches. While multiple measures of anxiety are available to assess the level of anxiety in children, selection of measurement approach should be an iterative process based on rigorous evaluation of evidence of reliability and cross-validation of the tool across different age groups of children. This paper provides a comprehensive methodological review of the literature concerning anxiety measurement in children. Initially, a conceptual basis for anxiety measures is introduced, followed by specific approaches to measuring childhood anxiety based on 14 original articles. In particular, a variety of strategies that have been used in previous research are discussed in detail with theoretical underpinnings. Common approaches to measure anxiety such as self-reported instruments, observational ratings, and behavioral checklists are reviewed one by one with a critical look at the strengths and weaknesses of each of these approaches. While multiple measures of anxiety are available to assess the level of anxiety in children, selection of measurement approach should be an iterative process based on rigorous evaluation of evidence of reliability and cross-validation of the tool across different age groups of children.

초등학생 사회불안의 예측 모형: 행동억제, 부모양육태도 및 자기효능감을 중심으로

서경현,유제민,안경미 한국심리학회 2008 한국심리학회지 일반 Vol.27 No.3

This study aims to establish the model of predicting social anxiety in childhood with behavioral inhibition, parental attitude, self-efficacy, and personal/environmental characteristics of children. Participants were 546 students (186 males and 294 females) from 4th, 5th, and 6th grade elementary school located in Seoul, whose ages ranged from 9 to 13 (M=10.86, SD=1.19). The psychological tests used in this research included the following: the Korean version of Parker's Parental Bonding Instrument, LaGreca's Social Anxiety Scale, the Korean version of Carver & White's BAS/BIS Scale, and Jerusalem & Schwarzer's General Self-Efficacy Scale. Results revealed child's behavioral inhibition system as a temperament was most significant predictor of social anxiety among elementary school students. The self-efficacy plays the role of moderating effect on the influence of behavioral inhibition to social anxiety in childhood. It was found that father's parental attitude as well as mother's parental attitude was significant predictor of child's social anxiety, suggest roles of combination of both parents' attitudes and its combination with child's characteristics for social anxiety. It was discussed with de-identification from parents, temperament and goodness of fit, and person-environment fit, and suggested the information for the intervention of child's social anxiety. 본 연구에서는 행동억제 성향, 부모양육태도, 자기효능감 및 개인적/환경적 특성으로 아동의 사회불안을 효율적으로 예측하는 모형을 구축하려고 하였다. 본 연구의 참여자는 4-6학년 초등학생 546명(남: 279, 여: 267)이었으며, 연령 분포는 만 9세에서 13세(M=10.86, SD=1.19) 사이였다. 본 연구에서 사용된 심리검사는 한국판 부모-자녀 결합형태 검사, LaGreca의 사회불안 척도, 한국판 BAS/BIS 척도, 및 일반적 자기효능감 척도이다. 본 연구의 목적을 성취하기 위해 모수 및 비모수로 구성된 26개의 변인으로 의사결정 나무분석을 하였다. 분석 결과, 기질적 요소인 행동억제체계가 아동의 사회불안을 가장 효과적으로 예측하는 것으로 나타났다. 그리고 인지적 특성인 자기효능감이 사회불안에 대한 행동억제의 효과를 조절하고 있었다. 어머니의 양육태도는 물론 아버지의 양육태도도 자녀의 사회불안에 영향을 주는 것으로 나타났으며, 부모의 양육태도의 조합과 더 나아가 이 두 변인과 개인적 혹은 환경적 특성의 조합으로도 아동의 사회불안을 유의하게 예측할 수 있었다. 본 연구의 결과를 부모로부터의 탈동일시, 부모-자녀 기질 궁합, 개인-환경 적합도 등과 함께 논의하였고, 아동의 사회불안에 대한 중재와 관련된 정보도 제시하였다.

학령후기 아동의 사회불안에 미치는 영향요인

문소현(So-Hyun Moon),김형란(Hyung-ran Kim),김정숙(Jeong-Suk Kim) 한국산학기술학회 2019 한국산학기술학회논문지 Vol.20 No.6

본 연구는 학령후기 아동의 사회불안 정도와 사회불안에 영향을 미치는 요인을 파악하기 위한 것이다. 설문지를 이용한 서술적 조사연구 방법으로 초등학교에 재학 중인 6학년 아동 278명을 연구대상자로 하였으며, 연구도구는 SASCA-K(Korean Social Anxiety Scale for children and adolescents, 사회불안 척도), SES(Self-esteem Scale, 자아존중감 척도), CAPS(Child and Adolescent Perfectionism Scale, 완벽주의 척도), DSRS-C(Depression Self-Rating Scale for Children, 아동우울 척도), IPPA-R(Inventory of Parent and Peer Attachment-Revised version부모 및 또래애착 척도)을 사용하였다. 수집된 자료는 SPSS WIN 23.0을 이용하여 기술통계, t-test, One-way ANOVA, Pearson correlation, stepwise multiple regression을 실시하였다. 연구결과 학령후기 아동의 사회 불안과 완벽주의, 우울은 긍정적인 상관관계가 있는 반면, 자아존중감, 애착안정성은 부정적인 상관관계가 있었다. 단계적 다중회귀 분석에서는 자아존중감, 자기 지향적 완벽주의, 우울, 부 애착 의사소통이 사회불안에 영향을 주는 요인으로 38% 설명하는 것으로 나타났으며, 사회불안에 가장 영향을 미치는 요인은 자아존중감으로 분석되었다. 학교, 가족, 지역사회의 통합적인 개입을 통해 학령후기 아동의 정신문제를 예방하고 중재하기 위해 건강교육, 상담 및 학교기반 보건교육프로그램 확대가 필요하다. The purpose of this study was to investigate the prevalence of social anxiety among late School-aged Children and identify factors influencing the tendency to social anxiety. A self-report survey was conducted with primary school children who were in the 6th grades. Two hundred and seventy eight children were included in the study. The instruments utilized in this study were SASCA-K (Korean Social Anxiety Scale for children and adolescents), SES(Self-esteem Scale), CAPS(Child and Adolescent Perfectionism Scale), DSRS-C(Depression Self-Rating Scale for Children), and IPPA-R(Inventory of Parent and Peer Attachment-Revised version). Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, t-test, One-way ANOVA, Pearson correlation and multiple regression with SPSS WIN 23.0 program. Social anxiety for the schoolchildren was positively correlated with perfectionism and depression, whereas self-esteem and attachment security was negatively correlated with social anxiety. Stepwise multiple regression analysis showed that 38.0% of the variance for social anxiety was significantly accounted for by self-esteem, self-oriented perfectionism, depression, attachment security (Father-communication). The most significant factor influencing social anxiety was self-esteem. Findings suggest that expanding health education, counseling and school-based health education programs is necessary to prevent and intervention mental problems of late School-aged Children through integrated intervention by schools, families and communities