Formyl Peptide에 의하여 유도된 중성 백혈구의 화학주성에 미치는 칼슘이온의 영향

황정원,정노팔 大韓免疫學會 1993 大韓免疫學會誌 Vol.15 No.-

Chemotaxis of neutrophils stimulated by fMLP(N-formyl-methionylleucylphenyl-alanine) is not fully understood process. Present study mainly deals with the role of Ca" as a second messenger in chemotaxis. The chemotaxis of neutrophils which were treated with calcium antagonist and calcium channel blocker was decreased significantly. To investigate the effect of extracellular and intraceI-lular calcium, EGTA or EGTA +A23187 were treated. Both treatments decreased the chemotaxis of neutrophils. Intracellular Ca' level change was checked using fluorescent dye Quin-2/Am. When treated with fMLP, intractellular Cap+ level was found to be dependent on both extracellular Cal+ uptake and release from internal Cat+ storages. On the other hand, the treatment of callmodulin antagonists did not have any significant effect on chemotaxis. When treated with varying concentration of PK-C inhibitor, chemotaxis was decreased dependent manner on concentration. In addition to Ca'', PK-C is also supposed to be related to the signal transdution process of chemotaxis induced by fMLP.

Pseudomonas aeruginosa as a model microorganism for investigation of chemotactic behaviors in ecosystem

Kato, J.,Kim, H.E.,Takiguchi, N.,Kuroda, A.,Ohtake, H. Society for Bioscience and Bioengineering, Japan ; 2008 Journal of bioscience and bioengineering Vol.106 No.1

Motile bacteria sense changes in the concentration of chemicals in environments and respond in a behavioral manner. This behavioral response is called chemotaxis. Bacterial chemotaxis can be viewed as an important prelude to metabolism, prey-predator relationships, symbiosis, infections, and other ecological interactions in biological communities. Genome analysis reveals that a large number of environmental motile bacteria possess a number of genes involved in chemosensing and chemotatic signal transduction. Pseudomonas aeruginosa has a very complex chemosensory system with more than 20 chemotaxis (che) genes in five distinct clusters and 26 chemoreceptor (methyl-accepting chemotaxis protein [mcp]) genes. Among the 26 MCPs of P. aeruginosa, nine have been identified as MCPs for amino acids, inorganic phosphate, oxygen, ethylene, and volatile chlorinated aliphatic hydrocarbons, whereas 3 MCPs were demonstrated to be involved in biofilm formation and biosynthesis of type IV pilus. Six che genes are essential for chemotactic responses, while genes in Pil-Chp cluster and Wsp cluster are involved in type IV pilus synthesis and twitching motility and biofilm formation, respectively. P. aeruginosa, with its complex chemotaxis system, is a better model microorganism for investigating ecological aspects of chemotaxis in environmental bacteria than Escherichia coli and Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium, which possess a relatively simpler chemotaxis system.

라임병 원인 스피로헤타 Borrelia burgdorferi의 운동성과 주화성

유아영(Ah Young Yoo),강호영(Ho Young Kang),문기환(Ki Hwan Moon) 한국생명과학회 2018 생명과학회지 Vol.28 No.5

운동성 및 주화성은 스피로헤타를 포함한 많은 병원성 세균의 병원인자로 작용한다. 라임병은 스피로헤타인 Borrelia burgdorferi에 의해 발병하며, 검은다리 참진드기에 물린 상처를 통해 사람에게 전염되는 미국 및 유럽 내에서 가장 유행하는 벡터-매개성 질병이다. Borrelia를 포함한 스피로헤타 균들은 다른 일반적인 편모를 가지는 균들과 달리 주변세포질에 그 편모를 가지며, 운동성이 결여된 돌연변이주의 경우 야생주와 같은 병원성을 가지지 못한다고 알려져 있다. 또한 대장균에 비해 더욱 다양한 종류의 주화성 관련 유전자를 지니고 있어, 편모를 통한 이 균의 운동성이 매우 복잡한 메커니즘을 가질 것으로 예상할 수 있다. 최근 초저온 전자현미경 및 새로운 유전자 조작기술의 발달로 인해 베일에 싸여 있던 스피로헤타의 운동성 및 주화성, 특이한 편모의 구조가 밝혀지고 있다. 본 리뷰 논문에서는 이러한 최첨단 기술의 이용으로 현재까지 밝혀진 Borrelia burgdorferi의 새로운 편모모터 구조를 소개하고, 균의 병원성과 운동성 및 주화성의 상관관계에 대해 설명하고자 한다. Motility and chemotaxis are crucial for disease development in many motile pathogens, including spirochetes. In many bacteria, motility is provided by flagella rotation, which is controlled by a chemotaxis-signal-transduction system. Thus, motility and chemotaxis are inextricably linked. Spirochetes are a unique group of bacteria with distinctive flat-wave morphology and corkscrew-like locomotion. This unusual motility pattern is believed to be important for efficient motility within the dense tissues through which these spirochetes preferentially disseminate in a host. Unlike other externally flagellated bacteria-where flagella are in the ambient environment-the flagella of spirochetes are enclosed by the outer membrane and thus are called periplasmic flagella or endoflagella. Although motilityand chemotaxis-associated genes are well studied in some bacteria, the knowledge of how the spirochete achieves complex swimming and the roles of most of the putative spirochetal chemotaxis proteins are still elusive. Recently, cutting-edge imaging methods and unique genetic manipulations in spirochetes have helped to unravel the mystery of motility and chemotaxis in spirochetes. These contemporary advances in understanding the motility and chemotaxis of spirochetes in a host’s persistence and disease process are highlighted in this review.

3 차원 모델을 통한 단일 박테리아의 주화성 연구

송지환(Ji Hwan Song),김동철(Dongchoul Kim) 대한기계학회 2009 大韓機械學會論文集A Vol.33 No.1

Cell migration is one of the essential mechanisms responsible for complex biological processes. Intensive researches have begun to elucidate the mechanisms and search intriguing conditions for efficient control of cell migration. One general mechanism that is widely applicable for cells including Escherichia coli, amoebae and endothelial cell is chemotaxis. The single cell study for bacterial chemotaxis has an advantage over studies with the population of cells in providing a clearer observation of cell migration, which leads to more accurate assessments of chemotaxis. In this paper, we propose a three-dimensional model considering a single bacterium to study its chemotaxis. The semi-implicit Fourier spectral method is applied for high efficiency and numerical stability. The simulation results reveal rich dynamics of cell migration and provide quantitative assessments of bacterial chemotaxis with various chemoattractant gradient fields.

운지버섯 열수 추출액이 Sarcoma-180 복강암세포에 대한 NK 활성도 및 백혈구의 Chemotaxis에 미치는 영향

고순자,정규선,이연태 숙명여자대학교 약학연구소 2001 약학논문집-숙명여자대학교 Vol.17 No.-

This experiment was conducted to evaluate the inhibitory effect of Water-Soluble Extraction from Coriolus versicolor on the growth of tumor cells through the activation of immunocytes in vivo. The lymphocytes were seperated from the spleen of tumor-bearing mice administrated orally Coriolus versicolor extract. The cytotoxicity of NK cells was observed by using the method of four-hours ^(51)Cr-release. Chemotaxis of leukocytes seperated from peripheral blood was measured using Modified Boyden chamber. The results obtained were summarized as following. 1. The cytotoxicity of NK cells from normal saline treated tumor-bearing mice was not significantly increased, but the cytotoxicity of NK cells from Coriolus versicolor treated tumor-bearing mice was significantly increased (P<0.025). 2. The chemotaxis of leukocytes from normal saline treated tumor-bearing mice was not significantly increased, but the chemotaxis of leukocytes from Coriolus versicolor treated tumor-bearing mice was significantly increased (P<0.025). According to these results, the Water-Soluble Extraction from Coriolus versicolor could inhibit the growth of mouse tumor cells through the activation of cytotoxicity of NK cells and the activation of chemotactic leukocytes.

Chemotaxis of T Lymphocyte by Recombinant Interleukin-2

Kim, Ho Youn,Park, Suk Young,Kim, Boo Sung CATHOLIC MEDICAL CENTER 1990 Bulletin of the Clinical Research Institute Vol.18 No.2

Interleukin-2 (IL-2) have been shown to exert a variety of effects on T cells including the ability to trigger proliferation and to act as chemoattactant. We have studied the subpopulations of human T cells involved in their chemotactic response to this cytokine. Human peripheral blood mononuclear leukocytes were separated by Ficoll-Hypaque gradient centrifugation. T cells were purified by double sheep erythrocyte resetting. Migration of human peripheral blood T cel1s was measured in microchemotaxis chamber equipped with membrane filters haying 8 micron diameter pores. Recombinant IL-2 stimulated migration of resting or activated (phytohemagglutinin induced) T cells at concentration of 10^-2 to 10^2 unit/ml. Chemotaxis of T cells to IL-2 was confirmed by checkerboard analysis. Double immunofluorescent staining and Flow cytometer study of nonmigrating T cells demonstrated that IL-2 caused mainly Leu 3^+ cells to chemotaxis. This study extends previous observations that IL-2 is T cell chemoattractants and demonstrates selectivity with respect to the T cell subsets that migrate in response to this cytokine.

박테리아 주화성 정량화를 위한 미세 유동 시스템

전호정(Hojeong Jeon),이용구(Yongkoo Lee),진송완(Songwan Jin),구상모(Sangmo Koo),이창수(Chang-Soo Lee),유정열(Jung Yul Yoo) 대한기계학회 2005 대한기계학회 춘추학술대회 Vol.2005 No.11

Bacterial chemotaxis may have a significant impact on the study of structure and function of bacteria. Quantification of chemotactic motion is necessary to identify chemoeffectors and to determine the bacterial transport parameters used in prediction models of chemotaxis. Although many studies have accumulated the knowledge about chemotaxis for many years, the motion of a single bacterium has not been studied yet. In this study we propose a device microfabricated by soft lithography and consisting of microfluidic channels, which can generate a gradient of chemoeffectors in the main channel so that a single bacterium is injected into this channel by hydrodynamic focusing. This microfluidic assay offers superior performance to measure a single cell or a group of cells and to quantify their motion, and it also builds a delicate gradient of chemoeffectors to raise accuracy of measuring the bacterial motion.

3차원 주화성 모델 개발을 통한 흡착형 세포의 동적특성 연구

송지환(Ji Hwan Song),김동철(Dongchoul Kim) 대한기계학회 2008 대한기계학회 춘추학술대회 Vol.2008 No.11

Cell migration is one of the essential mechanisms responsible for complex biological processes. Intensive researches have begun to elucidate the mechanisms and search intriguing conditions for efficient control of cell migration. One general mechanism which is widely applicable for cells including neutrophil, Escherichia coli and endothelial cell is chemotaxis. Especially, understanding the chemotactic mechanics of cell crawling has important implications for various medical and biological applications. The single cell study for chemotaxis has an advantage over studies with the population of cells in providing a clearer observation of cell migration, which leads to more accurate assessments of chemotaxis. In this paper, we propose a three-dimensional model considering a single crawling cell to study its chemotaxis. The semi-implicit Fourier spectral method is applied for high efficiency and numerical stability. The simulation results reveal rich dynamics of cell.

유체역학적 집속 효과를 이용한 단일 박테리아 주화성의 정량적 분석

전호정(Hojeong Jeon),이용구(Yongkoo Lee),진송완(Songwan Jin),구상모(Sangmo Koo),이창수(Chang-Soo Lee),유정열(Jung Yul Yoo) 대한기계학회 2006 대한기계학회 춘추학술대회 Vol.2006 No.6

Bacterial chemotaxis may have a significant impact on the study of structure and function of bacteria. Quantification of chemotactic motion is necessary to identify chemoattractant and to determine the bacterial transport parameters used in prediction models of chemotaxis. Although many studies have accumulated the knowledge about chemotaxis for many years, the motion of a single bacterium has not been studied yet. In this study we propose a device microfabricated by soft lithography and consisting of microfluidic channels, which can generate a gradient of chemoattractant in the main channel so that a single bacterium is injected into this channel by hydrodynamic focusing. Additionally, we measure and analyze the motility of bacteria through the concentration gradient of chemoattractant quantitatively and statistically by using this microfluidic assay.

Study on chemotaxis and chemokinesis of bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells in hydrogel-based 3D microfluidic devices

윤다영,김혜림,이어진,박민희,정석,전호정,안철희,이강원 한국생체재료학회 2016 생체재료학회지 Vol.20 No.3

Background: Controlling the fate of mesenchymal stems cells (MSCs) including proliferation, migration and differentiation has recently been studied by many researchers in the tissue engineering field. Especially, recruitment of stem cells to injury sites is the first and crucial step in tissue regeneration. Although significant progress has been made in the chemotactic migration of MSCs, MSC migration in three dimensional environments remains largely unknown. We developed a 3D hydrogel-based microfluidic-device to study the migration behavior of human MSCs in the presence of stromal-cell derived factor-1α (SDF-1α), interleukin 8 (IL-8) and Substance P (SP) which have been utilized as chemoattractant candidates of human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs). Results: We systematically investigated the chemotactic migration behaviors of hMSCs and their responses to SDF-1α, IL-8, and SP. SDF-1α was shown to be the most fascinating chemoattractant candidate among those factors at a certain time point. We also found that each chemokine showed different chemoattractant abilities according to their concentration. In the case of SP, this factor showed chemokinesis not chemotaxis. Especially at a 7–8 × 10−8 M concentration range, the chemokinesis ability driven by SP was further increased. The data suggest that some factors at the optimal concentration exhibit chemokinesis or chemotaxis in a 3D hydrogel-based microfluidic device. Conclusion: In this study on chemotaxis and chemokinesis of hMSCs, the system parameters such as chemokine concentration, system stability, and 2D or 3D microenvironment are critically important to obtain meaningful results.