Cancer Registration in Basrah-Southern Iraq: Validation by Household Survey

Hussain, Riyadh Abdul-Ameer,Habib, Omran S Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2016 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.17 No.no.sup3

On an international scale, the burden of cancer in absolute numbers continues to increase, mainly due to aging of population in many countries, the overall growth of the world population, changing lifestyle with increasing cancer-causing behavior, like cigarette smoking, changing dietary habits and sedentary life. Cancer is the second-leading cause of death and disability in the world, after only heart disease. Recently, increasing incidence and mortality of cancer have also become evident in the developing world. In Iraq and particularly in Basrah in the southern part of the country, the burden has definitely increased and deserves extensive research. The present paper is part of an extensive household survey carried out in Basrah in 2013. Among the objectives was to validate official cancer registration in the governorate. The cross-sectional survey had a retrospective component to inquire about the incidence of cancer and cancer-related deaths during the three years preceding the date of inquiry (2010-2012). A convenient sample of 6,999 households with 40,688 inhabitants using multistage cluster sampling was surveyed involving all urban and rural areas of Basrah. The official cancer registration activities in Basrah seemed to have attained a high level of registration coverage (70-80%) but the gap, represented by missed cases, is still high enough to criticize the system. Most of the missing cases were either not notified by treating facilities or they were diagnosed and treated outside Basrah. Using a set of parameters, the pattern of cancer was consistent based on data of the household survey and data of the cancer registry but a gap still existed in the coverage of incident cancer and mortality by cancer registration. Integrated serious steps are required to contain the risk of cancer and its burden on the patient through improving the registration process, improving early detection, diagnostic and management capabilities and encouraging scientific research to explore the hidden risk factors and possible causes of low registration coverage. Periodic household surveys seemed feasible and essential to support routine registration.

Asian Cancer Registry Forum 2014-Regional Cooperation for Cancer Registration: Priorities and Challenges

Moore, Malcolm A.,Sangrajrang, Suleeporn,Bray, Freddie Asian Pacific Organization for Cancer Prevention 2014 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.15 No.5

In February 6-7th, the Thai National Cancer Institute, the International Agency for Research on Cancer and its Mumbai Hub for Cancer Registration, together with the International Association of Cancer Registries and the APOCP/APJCP, jointly organized an Asian cancer registry forum to discuss regional cooperation for cancer registration. Held in the Grande Mercure Fortune Hotel, Bangkok, the meeting brought together leading scientists in cancer registration from South-East and North-East Asia as well as Australia, India and Iran and IARC itself, with coverage of various priorities and challenges of cancer registries regarding cancer control policy, operational parameters, assessment of survival and contributions to screening, for example. The current situation was highlighted and future directions and possible expansion of activities were discussed, with especial attention to the necessity for networks to help improve cancer registration across Asia and Africa.

Population-Based Cancer Registration in Indonesia

Wahidin, Mugi,Noviani, Rini,Hermawan, Sofia,Andriani, Vita,Ardian, Ardi,Djarir, Hernani Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2012 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.13 No.4

Cancer is a major public health problem in Indonesia, becoming the 7th largest cause of death based on a national survey in 2007, accounting for 5.7 of all mortality. A cancer registry was started in 1970, but it was partial and was stopped mainly because no government body was responsible. Realizing the above situation, the Indonesian government established the Sub Directorate of Cancer Control within the Ministry of Health, with responsibility for developing a national cancer control program, including a cancer registry. A sustainable cancer registry was then started in 2007 within Jakarta Province, first hospital-based but then expanded to be population-based. Steps of cancer registration in Jakarta are data collection, data verification, data validation, data management and analysis, and data publication. Data collection is conducted by health facilities (hospitals, laboratories, primary health centers) at the district/municipal level, with reports to the provincial level. Data are collected passively by holding meetings every three months in the district/municipality. Verification of data is the responsibility of the medical doctor or pathologist in each data source. Data validation is conducted by a team in the cancer registry, consisting of district/municipal/province health officers, pathologists, and registrars. Data management and analyses are conducted by a cancer registry team at the provincial level, assisted by the national team. We use software named Indonesian Cancer Registry System (SRIKANDI) which is adopted from CanReg4 IARC. Data from the population-based cancer registry in Jakarta Province showed the leading cancers among females in 2005-2007 to be breast cancer, cervical cancer, ovarian cancer, colorectal cancer and among males are bronchus and lung cancer, colorectal cancer, liver cancer, pharyngeal cancer, and prostate cancer. The leading childhood cancers are leukaemia and retinoblastoma.

Numbers of New Cases and Trends of Cancer 1993-2012: Srinagarind Hospital Based Population, Khon Kaen, North-East Thailand

Wirasorn, Kosin,Suwanrungruag, Krittika,Wiangnon, Surapon,Punjaruk, Wiyada Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2014 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.15 No.19

Background: Cancer is the most common cause of death in Thailand, where treatment outcomes and prognosis are poor and mortality rates remain high. This study reports new cancer cases and trends of all cancers registered in Srinagarind Hospital from 1993 to 2012 and also provides a picture of the cancer situation in Northeast Thailand. Materials and Methods: All new cases of cancer registered in the hospital-based cancer registry at Faculty of Medicine, Srinagarind Hospital, Khon Kaen University during 1993-2012 were included in the study. Results and Conclusions: The number of new cancer cases has gradually increased each year during the last 20 years. The three most common cancers at present in males are liver and bile duct cancer, lung cancer and colorectal cancer, respectively. In females, liver and bile duct, breast and thyroid cancers are now the most frequent. Interestingly, the number of cases of both liver and bile duct cancer and colorectal cancer in males noticeably increased during the second decade of the study. Additionally, breast cancer greatly increased in the same decade and lung cancer in females climbed into the top five most common cancers. Thyroid cancer has also risen steadily in the last decade. Trends of common cancers are similar to those throughout Thailand.

Estimating the Completeness of Gastric Cancer Registration in Ardabil/Iran by a Capture-Recapture Method using Population-Based Cancer Registry Data

Khodadost, Mahmoud,Yavari, Parvin,Babaei, Masoud,Mosavi-Jarrahi, Alireza,Sarvi, Fatemeh,Mansori, Kamyar,Khodadost, Behnam Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2015 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.16 No.5

Background: Knowledge of cancer incidences is essential for cancer prevention and control programs. Capture-recapture methods have been recommended for reducing bias and increasing the accuracy of cancer incidence estimations. This study aimed to estimate the completeness of gastric cancer registration by the capture-recapture method based on Ardabil population-based cancer registry data. Materials and Methods: All new cases of gastric cancer reported by three sources, pathology reports, death certificates and medical records that reported to Ardabil population-based cancer registry in 2006 and 2008 were enrolled in the study. The duplicate cases based on the similarity of first name, surname and fathers names were identified between sources. The estimated number of gastric cancers was calculated by the log-linear method using Stata 12 software. Results: A total of 857 new cases of gastric cancer were reported from three sources. After removing duplicates, the reported incidence rates for the years 2006 and 2008 were 35.3 and 32.5 per 100,000 population, respectively. The estimated completeness calculated by log-linear method for these years was 36.7 and 36.0, respectively. Conclusions: These results indicate that none of the sources of pathology reports, death certificates and medical records individually or collectively fully cover the incident cases of gastric cancer. We can obtain more accurate estimates of incidence rates using the capture-recapture method.

전국 중앙암등록사업 회원 병원의 병원암등록 방법 실태

이충원,임현숙 啓明大學校 醫科大學 2001 계명의대학술지 Vol.20 No.2

이 연구에서 설문결과 43개의 병원이 응답하여 27.6%의 응답율을 나타내었다. 환자 색출 자료원으로 참고가 가능하나 설계 참고를 하는 분율의 차이가 가장 적은 자료원은 입퇴원 기록(7.0%)이었으며 전이암을 등록한다고 응답한 병원이 14.0%나 되었다. 직업, 종교, 출생지 항목은 수집하는 곳도 적었으며 신뢰성이 있다고 응답한 곳은 7% 이하였다. 필수자료 항목인 발생일 자료를 수집한다고 한 병원이 37.2%, 무응답이 62.8%나 되었으며, 원발부위, 형태학 자료는 60% 정도에서만 자료수집을 한다고 하였으며 무응답이 30%를 상회하였다. 암 환자의 병기 결정, 복수원발암, 전이 부위의 항목들의 자료 수집 분율이 11.5-20.9%, 초치료에 대해 자료를 수집하는 곳은 37.2%에 지나지 않았다. 추적조사와 관련된 5개의 항목 중 사망일에 대한 자료를 수집하는 곳이 55.8%였으며 나머지 항목들은 2.3-11.6%에 지나지 않았다. 암의 발생일을 결정하는 우선권 부여를 묻는 문항에서 최우선권을 두는 일자로 53.5%가 암 환자의 의료기관에 첫 협진일 또는 입원일에 응답하였다. 현 거주지 자료 발췌 방법은 응답한 35곳(81.4%) 모두가 원무담당 부서에서 기재한 대로 등록한다고 하였다. 종양의 부위와 조직소견을 코드화하는 분류 체계로 ICD-O를 사용한다고 응답한 병원이 15곳(34.9%)으나 무응답이 65.1%나 되었다. 이러한 결과는 현재 우리 나라 중앙병원암등록소 회원 병원들의 암 환례에 대한 암 환례 색출 자료원이 한정되어 있으며, 관련 자료 발췌 방법과 코딩 방법이 표준화되어 있지 못하다는 것을 시사해 준다. This study was undertaken to survey methods of data collection and coding practices of incident cancers to standardize the registration methods. Mail questionnaires were sent to 156 member hospitals of the Central Hospitals Cancer Registry (CHCR) twice in 2000. Questionnaires were based on IARC manual. Among 43 member hospitals (27.6%) responded, 83.8% hospital had more than 400 beds and 69.8% reported to have computer-assisted registration programs. Wide range of differences (7.0-44.2%) was found between sources possible and actually sought for case-findings and 14.0% reported to have collected metastatic cancers as reportable cancer. Essential informations such as primary site and morphology of cancer were collected in about 60%, but about 30% did not respond. Most of the members (81.4%) reported to collect data on usual residential area as written on the records, without further inquiring for the patients or their guardians for clarification. ICD-O was used as guidance for coding topography and morphology in 34.9%, but 65.1% did not responded at all. These results indicate that sources of case-findings are limited and methods of abstracting and coding are not standardized.

의무기록의 다각적 활용을 통한 충실도 높은 병원 암등록 체계의 구축: 서울아산병원의 경험

김화정,조진희,유용만,이선혜,황경하,이무송,Kim, Hwa-Jung,Cho, Jin-Hee,Lyu, Yong-Man,Lee, Sun-Hye,Hwang, Kyeong-Ha,Lee, Moo-Song 대한예방의학회 2010 예방의학회지 Vol.43 No.3

Objectives: An accurate estimation of cancer patients is the basis of epidemiological studies and health services. However in Korea, cancer patients visiting out-patient clinics are usually ruled out of such studies and so these studies are suspected of underestimating the cancer patient population. The purpose of this study is to construct a more complete, hospital-based cancer patient registry using multiple sources of medical information. Methods: We constructed a cancer patient detection algorithm using records from various sources that were obtained from both the in-patients and out-patients seen at Asan Medical Center (AMC) for any reason. The medical data from the potentially incident cancer patients was reviewed four months after first being detected by the algorithm to determine whether these patients actually did or did not have cancer. Results: Besides the traditional practice of reviewing the charts of in-patients upon their discharge, five more sources of information were added for this algorithm, i.e., pathology reports, the national severe disease registry, the reason for treatment, prescriptions of chemotherapeutic agents and radiation therapy reports. The constructed algorithm was observed to have a PPV of 87.04%. Compared to the results of traditional practice, 36.8% of registry failures were avoided using the AMC algorithm. Conclusions: To minimize loss in the cancer registry, various data sources should be utilized, and the AMC algorithm can be a successful model for this. Further research will be required in order to apply novel and innovative technology to the electronic medical records system in order to generate new signals from data that has not been previously used.

유방암 환자의 감시림프절 생검을 위한 림포신티그라피와 실사영상의 합성

정창부,김광기,김태성,김석기,Jeong, Chang-Bu,Kim, Kwang-Gi,Kim, Tae-Sung,Kim, Seok-Ki 대한의용생체공학회 2010 의공학회지 Vol.31 No.2

This paper presents a method that registers a lymphoscintigraphy to the real image captured by a CMOS camera, which helps surgeons to easily and precisely detect sentinel lymph nodes for sentinel lymph node biopsy in breast cancer patients. The proposed method consists of two steps: pre-matching and image registration. In the first step, we localize fiducial markers in a lymphoscintigraphy and a real image of a four quadrant bar phantom by using image processing techniques, and then determines perspective transformation parameters by matching with the corresponding marker points. In the second step, we register a lymphoscintigraphy to a real images of patients by using the perspective transformation of pre-matching. To examine the accuracy of the proposed method, we conducted an experiment with a chest mock-up with radioactive markers. As a result, the euclidean distance between corresponding markers was less than 3mm. In conclusion, the present method can be used to accurately align lymphoscintigraphy and real images of patients without attached markers to patients, and then provide useful anatomical information on sentinel lymph node biopsy.

암 등록사업의 현황과 추진방향

안윤옥,Ahn, Yoon-Ok 대한예방의학회 2007 예방의학회지 Vol.40 No.4

It was not until 1975 that cancer registration was initiated in Korea; voluntary registration of cancer patients of training hospitals throughout the country began under the auspices of the Korean Cancer Society(KCS). However, an official cancer registration, the Korea Central Cancer Registry(KCCR), began on July 1st, 1980. Forty-five training and two non-training hospitals throughout the country initiated registration of patients in whom neoplasms had been found. Data related to case information specified are to be sent to the KCCR at the National Medical Center(it moved at National Cancer Center in 2000). The initial cancer registration of KCS was merged to the KCCR in 1980. Although the KCCR covers most all the large training hospitals in Korea, it cannot provide incidence data. It is, however, the only of its kind in the world, being neither hospital nor population based. The first population based cancer registry(PBCR) was launched in a small county, Kangwha(it has around 80,000 inhabitants), by Yonsei University Medical College in 1983. All data were collected by active methods, and incidence statistics for 1986-1992 appeared in Vol VII of the CI5. Another PBCR, Seoul Cancer Registry(SCR), started in 1991. It was supported by a civilian foundation, the Korean Foundation for Cancer Research. The basic idea of case registration of SCR was the incorporation of KCCR data to PBCR, e. g. dual sources of case registration, i.e., from the KCCR and also including cases diagnosed in small hospitals and other medical facilities. Assessing completeness and validity of case registration of SCR, the program and methodology used by the SCR was later extended to other large cities and areas in Korea, and the PBCR in each area was established. Cancer incidence statistics of Seoul for 1993-1997, Busan for 1996-1997, and Daegu for 1997-1998, as well as Kangwha for 1993-1997, appeared eventually in Vol VIII of the CI5. The Korean or 'pillar' model for a PBCR is a new one. The KCCR data file is a reliable basis, as a pillar, for a PBCR in each area. The main framework of the model for such a registry is the incorporation of a KCCR data file with data from additionally surveyed cases; the data related to cancer deaths, medical insurance claims, and visit-and surveillance of non-KCCR medical facilities. Cancer registration has been adopted as a national cancer control program by Korean government in 2004 as the Anti-Cancer Act was enacted. Since then, some officers have tried to launch a nation-wide PBCR covering whole country. In the meantime, however, cancer registration was interrupted and discontinued for years due to the Privacy Protection Law, which was solved by an amendment of the Anti-Cancer Act in 2006. It would be premature to establish the nation-wide PBCR in Korea. Instead, continuous efforts to improve the completeness of registration of the KCCR, to progress existing PBCRs, and to expand PBCRs over other areas are still to be devoted. The nation-wide PBCR in Korea will be established eventually with summation of the PBCRs of the Korean model.

Malignant Neoplasm Burden in Nepal - Data from the Seven Major Cancer Service Hospitals for 2012

Pun, Chin Bahadur,Pradhananga, Kishore K,Siwakoti, Bhola,Subedi, Krishna,Moore, Malcolm A Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2015 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.16 No.18

In Nepal, while no population based cancer registry program exists to assess the incidence, prevalence, morbidity and mortality of cancer, at the national level a number of hospital based cancer registries are cooperating to provide relevant data. Seven major cancer diagnosis and treatment hospitals are involved, including the BP Koirala Memorial Cancer hospital, supported by WHO-Nepal since 2003. The present retrospective analysis of cancer patients of all age groups was conducted to assess the frequencies of different types of cancer presenting from January 1st to December 31st 2012. A total of 7,212 cancer cases were registered, the mean age of the patients being 51.9 years. The most prevalent age group in males was 60-64 yrs (13.6%), while in females it was 50-54 yrs (12.8%). The commonest forms of cancer in males were bronchus and lung (17.6%) followed by stomach (7.3%), larynx (5.2%) and non Hodgkins lymphoma (4.5%). In females, cervix uteri (19.1%) and breast (16.3%), were the top ranking cancer sites followed by bronchus and lung (10.2%), ovary (6.1%) and stomach (3.8%). The present data provide an update of the cancer burden in Nepal and highlight the relatively young age of breast and cervical cancer patients.