점증적 최대 운동 부하시 혈중 암모니아와 젖산농도의 상관성 연구

양윤권 한국체육과학회 2004 한국체육과학회지 Vol.13 No.1

The purpose of this study was to examines the blood ammonia and lactate concentration changes following incremental maximal exercise. Secondary purpose of this study was to find correlation relationship between ammonia and lactate concentration. The subjects of this study were 10 normal healthy males and all subjects were involved in each test. Incremental maximal exercise tests were performed by each subject on a Monark cycle ergometer. VO2max was measured on the ergometer tests breathed through a low resistance low deadspace breathing valves using exercise protocol of ACSM. Plasma was sampled from an antecubital vein using a hypodermic syringe at rest, post-exercise(all-out), 30min after exercise and analyzed for whole blood ammonia and lactate. The results were as follows : 1. Blood lactate and ammonia concentration on incremental maximal exercise were increased linearly according to intensity of exercise, but remained elevated above resting values after 30min of recovery.2. Between blood lactate and ammonia after incremental maximal exercise were very low correlation(r=0.062), but recovery 30min was very high correlation of positive(r=0.908). It can be concluded that blood lactate and ammonia concentration are independent threshold each other in exercise.

The Effectiveness of Training Routine with Reference to the Physiological Demand of Squash Match Play

( Pralay Majumdar ),( Malay Mandal ),( Devashish Yadav ) 한국스포츠정책과학원(구 한국스포츠개발원) 2009 International Journal of Applied Sports Sciences Vol.21 No.1

Purpose: The present study was taken up to monitor the physiological demands of squash play based on heart rate and lactate response while in a competitive situation. Four on court specific training programs were evaluated based on lactate response and performance time to find out their effectiveness with the actual demands of the game. Method: 33 male and 9 female junior squash players volunteered for this study. Body fat was calculated indirectly from skin fold thickness a using Harpenden skin fold caliper at four sites: biceps, triceps, sub scapular and supra iliac. Body fat was calculated from body density. The cardio respiratory variables (VO2 max) at maximal effort were determined during a graded protocol of running on a treadmill starting from 8 Km/hr and increasing every 2 min. at the rate of 2 km/hr till volitional exhaustion. The expired air sample was analyzed by Gas Analyzer (Oxycon Champion-Germany). Four on court drills were monitored and lactate level and timing/court coverage were registered. For estimating whole blood lactate, capillary blood samples were drawn from a finger tip between 2 min and 3 min. after the cessation of the activity. The samples were analyzed in a calibrated automatic lactate analyzer in order to estimate whole blood lactate. The data were subjected to statistical treatment such as mean and standard deviation. One-way ANOVA were computed to assess the difference in heart rate and lactate among the three games. Result: Repeated measures of ANOVA demonstrated no significance difference observed in gender in terms of heart rate and lactate response during three games. The heart rate response in males ranged from 157-177, 162-182 and 165-182 beats. min-1 for games 1, 2 and 3 respectively. In females, the heart rate response in 3 games revealed 156-181, 165-183 and 163-181 beats. min-1. Peak game lactate found for males and females were 4.10 and 4.14 mM.l-1 achieved after the third and second game respectively. Estimated peak lactate in four on court drills i.e. ghosting, court run, agility and box sprints were 10.66±3.07, 14.00±1.79, 16.90±2.80 and 13.11±2.40 for males and 12.251.79, 13.78±2.17, 17.30±2.53 and 13.46±4.37 mM.l-1 for females respectively. Conclusion: In all the on court drills, the level of blood lactate was much higher than game lactate. The higher lactate levels cause metabolic acidosis and therefore may not prove to be an effective training routine unless modified in terms of duration/intensity to optimize training benefit.

정적스트레칭 Cool-Down이 고강도 단시간 운동에 의한 혈중 Lactate 축적 변화에 미치는 효과

한은상(Eun-Sang Han),구민(Min Gu) 한국발육발달학회 2019 한국발육발달학회지 Vol.27 No.2

In the case of blood lactate produced by high-intensity short-term exercise, accumulation in the body acidifies the body fluid to reduce the pH of the body, induce muscle fatigue, slow down the energy metabolism and inhibit muscle fiber activity. High-intensity short-term exercise is a movement that performs the prescribed amount of exercise in the shortest possible time. The exercise effect is high, but there is a side effect that generates and accumulates lactate. Stretching is very effective in preventing muscle aches that occur during or after exercise, resulting in insufficient blood flow to the muscles during high intensity exercise, leading to a decrease in oxygen supply. This delays the ischemic state and creates negative cycles such as pain, ischemia, and convulsions. Static stretching helps to relieve or prevent myalgia. Therefore, this study was performed to measure blood lactate after 15 minutes cool-down before and after exercise, through cool-down using static stretching to quickly remove blood lactate generated and accumulated by high intensity short-time exercise I looked at the changes in accumulation. The results showed that the 15-minute static stretch Cool-Down decreased lactate accumulation compared to complete rest (p <.01), Repeated Measures(Time Group p=.001) Therefore, it was concluded that the static stretching Cool-Down is effective in preventing accumulation of lactic acid by high intensity short-time exercise.

월경에 따른 발레무용연습이 젖산 및 스트레스 호르몬에 미치는 영향

최지연 한국코칭능력개발원 2008 코칭능력개발지 Vol.10 No.2

After ballet-majoring students' menstruation and post-menstruation, with practicing ballet dance, to survey having influence on Blood Lactate&Stress Hormone density, this research was enforced. Before and after exercise, as result of measurement the Blood Lactate& Stress Hormone density, it was taken like this conclusion. 1. At variation of Stress Hormone density, it was shown up a little difference to show increase in epinephrine. And it was not shown up a little difference in Norepinephrine, Cortisol, ACTH when menstruation. When post-menstruation(7days after menstruation), it was shown up a little difference in Cortisol(shown up decrease). And it was not shown up a little difference in Epinephrine, Norepinephrine, ACTH.2. At variation of Blood Lactate density, it was shown up a little difference(increase when menstruation). And It was not shown up a little difference(increase when post-menstruation).This research will result in one time exercise each when menstruation and post-menstruation. With subject of general people, we will need to inspect the effects that carrying out practice method, menstruation cycle, long-time ballet dance exercise program.

점진적 근 이완 회복 방법이 무용수행 후 심박수 및 혈중 젖산 변화에 미치는 영향

오상덕,장순향 漢陽大學校 體育科學硏究所 2003 體育科學 Vol.23 No.23

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of recovery of method after modern dance Performance the changes of HR and blood lactate. All subjects were 20 females modern dancer on C university. The design for this study was measurement between groups as independent variations were recovery method(static and progressive relaxation of recovery method) and bloodsampling time(rest, immediately, 10, 20min after performance), dependent variations were HR and blood lactate. All raw data were analysed by repeated with ANOVA for statistical significance and accepting level for all significances was above P<0.05. The following conclusion were made : The changes of HR after performance were significantly different between group. Also, the changes of blood lactate after performance were significantly different between groups. The accumulate of rate blood lactate in the recovery time after performance were significantly decreased in progressive relaxation recovery method than static of recovery method. In conclusion, progressive relaxation recovery method had an effect recovery on physiological fatigue after performance.

운동 후 회복기 스포츠 마사지가 Blood Lactate, LDH and Glucose에 미치는 영향

김성수,김형준,이성철,윤신중,백승현 한국피부과학연구원 2010 대한피부미용학회지 Vol.8 No.3

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of Sport Massage on the Blood Lactate and LDH and Glucose in recovery after exercise. The subject of this study was to sixteen person(boy and girl student respectively 8). Experiment method applied silence recovery and sports massage recovery method to interval 1week to uniformity experimental group and performed by repeated measurement. Exercise method used Bruce protocol, and did exercise to 80% target heart rate possibility(THR). Massage recovery method performed for total 30 minutes by method that increased strength piecemeal and finishes softly after motive spiritual slackness of subject beginning lightly. Rresult of this study is as following; Glucose, Lactate and LDH were significant decrease change in Massage group after recovery 30minutes(p<.01). Conclusively, Sports massage was thought that gives positive influence recovery of waste product and bodily physiological fatigue after exercise. Therefore, Massage is considered that make metabolism smooth and is restore physical fatigue that we appear by everyday life but is thought very effective method. 본 연구는 운동 후 회복기 스포츠 마사지 처치의 운동 생리학적 피로회복의 효과를 규명하고자, 남녀대학생 각 8명씩 16명을 동일대상으로 하여 1주일 간격으로 반복측정 실험하였으며, 회복기에 정적회복 및 스포츠 마사지 처치를 하여 스포츠 마사지가 Blood lactate, LDH, Glucose농도에 미치는 효과를 검토하였다. 운동부하 검사는 트레드밀에서 Bluce protocol 운동부하 절차에 따라 목표심박수의 80%까지 최대하 운동을 실시하였다. 측정치를 비교 분석하여 다음과 같은 결론을 얻었다. 운동직후에는 모든 변인에서 유의하게 증가하는 것으로 나타났으며, 스포츠 마사지 실시 후 회복기 30분에 glucose, Lactate와 LDH가 비교군보다 실험군이 유의하게 감소하는 것으로 나타났다. 이상의 연구결과는 스포츠마사지가 운동 후 회복기에 노폐물의 제거와 신체의 생리적인 피로를 빠르게 회복시켜주는 데 긍정적인 영향을 주는 것으로 생각할 수 있다. 따라서 스포츠 마사지는 운동으로 인한 피로회복 뿐만 아니라 일상생활에서의 육체적인 피로를 원활히 회복시켜 주고 신진대사를 촉진시켜줌으로서 지치고 힘든 정신적, 육체적 피로를 빠르게 회복시킬 수 있는 매우 효과적 방법이라고 사료된다.

고정형 및 혼합형 저산소 환경에서의 4주간 IHT(intermittent hypoxic training)가 혈중산소운반능력, 에너지대사 및 골격근 산소화 농도에 미치는 영향

박훈영(Park, Hun-Young),선우섭(Sunoo, Sub),남상석(Nam, Sang-Seok) 한국체육과학회 2016 한국체육과학회지 Vol.25 No.3

This study was designed to examine the effect of 4 weeks fixed and mixed intermittent hypoxic training (IHT) on exercise load, oxygen delivering capacity of the blood, energy metabolism, and skeletal muscle oxygenations. Thirty three male college students participated in the study as subjects and divided into three groups such as control group (n=11) performed training at sea-level, fixed IHT group (n=11) performed training at 16.5% O₂, and mixed IHT group (n=11) performed training at 14.5% O₂ (~2 weeks) and 16.5% O₂(~4 weeks). They performed cycle exercise (30 min) and treadmill exercise (30 min) within 80%HRmax developed Miyashita et al. on 1985. Exercise frequency was 1hour, 3days per a week, 4 weeks. At rest and during exercise, exercise load, Hb concentration, Hct, %SPO₂, VO₂, blood lactate level, △O₂Hb, △HHb, and TOI was measured before and after training (Pre and Post) in each groups. As a result, 4weeks fixed and mixed IHT does not induced improvement on oxygen delivering capacity of the blood through Hb concentration and Hct. However, exercise performance increased by fixed and mixed IHT through improvement of oxygen flux to muscle tissue, exercise economy, and lactate tolerance of the blood. Also, these physiological improvement appeared effective in mixed IHT compared with fixed IHT. In later research, various studies need to investigation of the effect to fixed and mixed IHT on oxygen flux, oxygen delivering capacity, lactate tolerance of the blood, exercise performance, and time trial in elite athletes.

일회성의 전통적인 근 저항운동시 가압처치가 심박수, 혈압, 운동자각도 및 혈중 젖산농도에 미치는 영향

변재철 한국스포츠학회 2018 한국스포츠학회지 Vol.16 No.1

이 연구는 규칙적으로 근저항 운동트레이닝(머신 웨이트 트레이닝)을 실시한 경험이 없는 남자 대학생을 대상으 로 일회성의 운동시 가압처치가 심박수, 혈압, 운동자각도 및 혈중 젖산농도에 어떠한 반응이 있는가를 알아보는데 목적 이 있다. 연구에 참여한 피험자들의 나이는 19-23세 이다. 이들을 네 집단(고강도-가압처치군 10명, 고강도-비가압 처치군 10명, 저강도-가압처치군 10명, 저강도-비가압처치군 10명)으로 구분하였고, 총 40명을 무선배정 하였다. 전 통적인 근저항운동은 머신 웨이트 장비를 이용하여 레그 익스텐션을 실시하였다. 모든 피험자들은 3세트 실시하였고, 세트 간의 휴식시간은 2분으로 하였다. 측정항목은 심박수, 수축기 및 이완기 혈압, 운동자각도 및 혈중 젖산농도를 분 석하였다. 연구결과, 심박수는 저강도-가압처치집단이 유의하게 낮았다. 수축기 혈압과 운동자각도는 고강도-가압처 치 및 고강도-비가압처치시 유의하게 높았다. 그리고 혈중 젖산농도는 고강도-비가압처치와 저강도-비가압처치시 유의하게 높았다. The purpose of this study was to determined the effects of acute traditional resistance exercie with KAATSU on heart rate, blood pressure, RPE, and blood lactate. Forty healthy subjects participated in this study. They were divided into 4 groups(≤ 70% 1RM with KAATSU, ≤ 70% 1RM without KAATSU, ≤ 30% 1RM with KAATSU, ≤ 30% 1RM without KAATSU). This study was designed to examine the acute effects of four variations of leg extension on heart rate, blood pressure, RPE, and blood lactate. Significantly lower heart rate was demonstrated during the ≤ 30% 1RM with KAATSU. Significantly higher systolic blood pressure and RPE were also demonstrated during high intense exercise with and without KAATSU. And significantly higher blood lactate level was also demonstrated during high and low intense exercise without KAATSU.

Effects of Palm Kernel Expellers on Productive Performance, Nutrient Digestibility, and White Blood Cells of Lactating Sows

Kim, J.,Seo, J.,Kim, W.,Yun, H.M.,Kim, S.C.,Jang, Y.,Jang, K.,Kim, K.,Kim, B.,Park, S.,Park, I.,Kim, M.K.,Seo, K.S.,Kim, H.B.,Kim, I.H.,Seo, S.,Song, M. Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2015 Animal Bioscience Vol.28 No.8

This experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of palm kernel expellers on productive performance, nutrient digestibility, and changes in white blood cells (WBC) of lactating sows. A total of 14 sows ($200{\pm}12kg$ of average body weight [BW]; 2.5 of average parity) were used and moved from gestation room to farrowing room on d 109 of gestation. Sows were randomly assigned to 2 dietary treatments in a completely randomized design. The treatments were a diet based on corn and soybean meal (CON) and CON added with 20% of palm kernel expellers (PKE). Sows were fed the treatments for 28 days (weaning) after farrowing. Blood was collected from each sow and 4 randomly selected piglets from each sow before farrowing or on d 3, 7, or 14 of lactation. Sows were fed respective treatments containing 0.2% chromic oxide from d 15 to 21 of lactation. Fecal samples were collected daily for the last 3 days after the 4-d adjustment period. Measurements were performances and WBC changes of sows and litter, nutrient digestibility of sows, and daily diarrhea of litter. Sows fed PKE had greater average daily feed intake (7.38 vs 7.10 kg/d; p<0.05) and lost less BW (-6.85 vs -8.54 kg; p<0.05) and backfat depth (-0.42 vs -0.71 mm; p<0.05) than those fed CON. However, there were no differences on digestibility of dry matter, nitrogen, and energy and weaning to estrus interval of sows fed either CON or PKE. Piglets from sows fed PKE gained more BW (203 vs 181 g/d; p = 0.08) and had less frequency of diarrhea (6.80 vs 8.56%; p = 0.07) than those from sows fed CON. On the other hand, no difference was found on preweaning mortality of piglets from sows fed either CON or PKE. Sows fed PKE had lower number of WBC (9.57 vs $11.82{\times}10^3/{\mu}L$; p = 0.09) before farrowing than those fed CON, but no difference on d 3 and 7. Similarly, piglets from sows fed PKE had also lower number of WBC (7.86 vs $9.80{\times}10^3/{\mu}L$; p<0.05) on d 14 of lactation than those from sows fed CON, but no difference on d 3 and 7. In conclusion, addition of 20% palm kernel expellers to lactation diet based on corn and soybean meal had no negative effects on productive performance, nutrient digestibility, and WBC changes of lactating sows.

Milk Production, Blood Metabolites and Circulatory Levels of Hormones in Crossbred Goats

Singh, Mahendra,Ludri, R.S. Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2002 Animal Bioscience Vol.15 No.7

Eighteen crossbred goats were selected from the Institute's goat herd to determine the changes in hormones, blood metabolites and yield and composition of milk during lactation. The blood and milk samples were collected from each goat in a heparinized vacutainer tubes at fortnightly interval for a period of 150 days. In milk samples, fat, protein and lactose contents were estimated while in blood plasma hormones viz., prolactin, GH, cortisol, insulin, $T_4$ and $T_3$ were measured using radioimmunoassay methods. The plasma concentration of prolactin, GH and cortisol were high during early lactation when the goats acquired peak milk yield. During remainder of lactation their concentration varied. The high NEFA concentration during early lactation indicated mobilization of body reserves as the body weights also decrease during early lactation. However, with the advancement of lactation, the body weights of the goats and the concentration of NEFA declined which indicated utilization of NEFA for energy yielding purposes in addition to fatty acid synthesis. The ambient temperatures did not influence plasma concentration of prolactin, GH, insulin, $T_3$ and $T_4$ during the lactation cycle. The fat content of milk varied significantly (p<0.01) but protein and lactose content of milk remains unchanged during different stages of lactation. Growth hormone was positively correlated with insulin (p<0.05) during lactation while prolactin had a positive correlation with lactose and plasma NEFA (p<0.01) and negative correlation with $T_3$ (p<0.05).