Recent advances in development of biomass pretreatment technologies used in biorefinery for the production of bio-based fuels, chemicals and polymers

오영훈,In Yong Eom,주정찬,유주현,송봉근,Seung Hwan Lee,홍순호,박시재 한국화학공학회 2015 Korean Journal of Chemical Engineering Vol.32 No.10

Biochemical conversion of biomass into biofuels, biochemicals, and biopolymers has attracted much interest throughout the world in terms of biorefineries. Lignocellulosic biomass is one of the most plentifully available biomass resources on the earth. It is composed of three main biopolymers - cellulose, hemicelluloses, and lignin, all of which are cross-linked to each other to resist degradation by enzymes and microorganisms resulting in so-called biomass recalcitrance. The biorefinery process typically consists of three steps: pretreatment, hydrolysis, and fermentation. Energy and cost efficiency of biorefinery is predominantly dependent on how to produce inexpensive sugars from complex cell wall component of lignocellulosic biomass by overcoming biomass recalcitrance. There have been tremendous efforts to develop effective biomass pretreatment technologies for obtaining the highest yield of fermentable sugars from biomass feedstocks at the lowest cost. The present review discusses various pretreatment technologies to understand how to effectively break down biomass into fermentable sugars that are eventually used for microbial fermentation to produce biomass-based fuels, chemicals, and polymers.

C1 biorefinery by designer microbes

한성옥 한국공업화학회 2015 한국공업화학회 연구논문 초록집 Vol.2015 No.0

The designer microbes are a key biological technology that can be used for biorefinery. The use of complexed enzyme systems is one of the strategies for effective bioresources utilization and offers considerably greater potential through a highly ordered structural organization that enables enzyme proximity synergy. Carbon monoxide (CO) was successfully efficiently converted by functional complexes containing carbon monoxide dehydrogenase and carbon monoxide sensing heme protein with enhanced CO binding affinity. Carbon monoxide sensing heme protein acts as mediator for increasing of carbon monoxide dehydrogenase activity by substrate proximity and assembled complexes caused an efficiently conversion of CO gas with aid of Carbon monoxide sensing heme protein. An enzyme complex for biological convertsion of CO to CO2 was anchored on the cell surface of CO2-utilizing Ralstonia eutropha and successfully showed 3.3-fold increased conversion efficiency. These results suggest that the complexed system may be a promising strategy for C1 biorefinery as biological tools.

Optimal design of microalgae-based biorefinery: Economics, opportunities and challenges

Rizwan, M.,Lee, J.H.,Gani, R. Applied Science Publishers 2015 APPLIED ENERGY Vol.150 No.-

Microalgae have great potential as a feedstock for the production of a wide range of end-products under the broad concept of biorefinery. In an earlier work, we proposed a superstructure based optimization model to find the optimal processing pathway for the production of biodiesel from microalgal biomass, and identified several challenges with the focus being on utilizing lipids extracted microalgal biomass for economic and environmentally friendly production of useful energy products. In this paper, we expand the previous optimization framework by considering the processing of microalgae residue previously treated as wastes. We develop an expanded biorefinery superstructure model, based on which a mixed integer nonlinear programming (MINLP) model is proposed to determine the optimal/promising biorefinery configurations with different choices of objective functions. The MINLP model is solved in GAMS using a database built in Excel. Economic sensitivity analysis is performed to elaborate the potential improvements in the overall economics, and set the targets that must be achieved in the future in order for microalgal biofuels to become economically viable.

Potentials of macroalgae as feedstocks for biorefinery

Jung, K.A.,Lim, S.R.,Kim, Y.,Park, J.M. Elsevier Applied Science 2013 Bioresource technology Vol.135 No.-

Macroalgae, so-called seaweeds, have recently attracted attention as a possible feedstock for biorefinery. Since macroalgae contain various carbohydrates (which are distinctively different from those of terrestrial biomasses), thorough assessments of macroalgae-based refinery are essential to determine whether applying terrestrial-based technologies to macroalgae or developing completely new technologies is feasible. This comprehensive review was performed to show the potentials of macroalgae as biorefinery feedstocks. Their basic background information was introduced: taxonomical classification, habitat environment, and carbon reserve capacity. Their global production status showed that macroalgae can be mass-cultivated with currently available farming technology. Their various carbohydrate compositions implied that new microorganisms are needed to effectively saccharify macroalgal biomass. Up-to-date macroalgae conversion technologies for biochemicals and biofuels showed that molecular bioengineering would contribute to the success of macroalgae-based biorefinery. It was concluded that more research is required for the utilization of macroalgae as a new promising biomass for low-carbon economy.

Fungal Secretome for Biorefinery: Recent Advances in Proteomic Technology

( Sunil S. Adav ),( Siu Kwan Sze ) 한국질량분석학회 2013 Mass spectrometry letters Vol.4 No.1

Fungal biotechnology has been well established in food and healthcare sector, and now being explored for lignocellulosic biorefinery due to their great potential to produce a wide array of extracellular enzymes for nutrient recycling. Due to global warming, environmental pollution, green house gases emission and depleting fossil fuel, fungal enzymes for lignocellulosic biomass refinery become a major focus for utilizing renewal bioresources. Proteomic technologies tender better biological understanding and exposition of cellular mechanism of cell or microbes under particular physiological condition and are very useful in characterizing fungal secretome. Hence, in addition to traditional colorimetric enzyme assay, mass-spectrometry-based quantification methods for profiling lignocellulolytic enzymes have gained increasing popularity over the past five years. Majority of these methods include two dimensional gel electrophoresis coupled to mass spectrometry, differential stable isotope labeling and label free quantitation. Therefore, in this review, we reviewed more commonly used different proteomic techniques for profiling fungal secretome with a major focus on two dimensional gel electrophoresis, liquid chromatography-based quantitative mass spectrometry for global protein identification and quantification. We also discussed weaknesses and strengths of these methodologies for comprehensive identification and quantification of extracellular proteome.

바이오리파이너리를 이용한 바이오연료 및 바이오화합물의 생산

이채영,한선기 한국수소및신에너지학회 2016 한국수소 및 신에너지학회논문집 Vol.27 No.6

The authors reviewed information about biorefining of biomass by using academic informationdatabases. Feedstocks were classified into triglycerides biomass, sugar biomass, starchy biomass, lignocellulosicbiomass, and organic waste biomass. Biorefinery is an integrated system converting biomass into biofuels andbiochemicals by various physical, chemical, biological, and thermochemical technologies. This paper presented acomprehensive summaries of opportunities, recent trends and challenges of biorefinery. A brief overview ofpromising building blocks, their sources from biomass, and their derivatives were also provided. In conclusion,this paper demonstrated the feasibility of biorefinery producing biofuels and biochemicals from biomass.

Comprehensive approach to improving life-cycle CO₂ reduction efficiency of microalgal biorefineries: A review

Choi, Hong Il,Hwang, Sung-Won,Sim, Sang Jun Elsevier 2019 Bioresource technology Vol.291 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>Along with the increase in global awareness of rising CO<SUB>2</SUB> levels, microalgae have attracted considerable interest as a promising CO<SUB>2</SUB> reduction platforms since they exhibit outstanding biomass productivity and are capable of producing numerous valuable products. At this moment, however, two major barriers, relatively low photosynthetic CO<SUB>2</SUB> fixation efficiency and necessity of carbon-intensive microalgal process, obstruct them to be practically utilized. This review suggests effective approaches to improve life-cycle CO<SUB>2</SUB> reduction of microalgal biorefinery. In order to enhance photosynthetic CO<SUB>2</SUB> fixation, strategies to augment carbon content and to increase biomass productivity should be considered. For reducing CO<SUB>2</SUB> emissions associated with the process operations, introduction of efficient process elements, designing of energy-saving process routes, reuse of waste resources and utilization of process integration can be noteworthy options. These comprehensive strategies will provide guidance for microalgal biorefineries to become a practical CO<SUB>2</SUB> reduction technology in near future.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> CO<SUB>2</SUB> bio-fixation capability of microalgae was comprehensively reviewed. </LI> <LI> Carbon content of microalgae is a determinant of their CO<SUB>2</SUB> fixation rate. </LI> <LI> Biomass productivity is a highly influential factor for CO<SUB>2</SUB> fixation efficiency. </LI> <LI> It is important to minimize process energy inputs for life-cycle CO<SUB>2</SUB> reduction. </LI> <LI> Utilizing energy-efficient process elements and routes are crucial. </LI> </UL> </P> <P><B>Graphical abstract</B></P> <P>[DISPLAY OMISSION]</P>

Extraction of inorganic materials from fresh and dried alga <i>Saccharina japonica</i>

Boakye, Patrick,Sewu, Divine D.,Woo, Hee Chul,Choi, Jae Hyung,Lee, Chul Woo,Woo, Seung Han Elsevier 2017 Journal of environmental chemical engineering Vol.5 No.5

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>Extraction of minerals from fresh and dried macroalgae kelp (<I>Saccharina japonica</I>) was investigated to get better biomass resource for biorefinery. At a solid to liquid ratio of 1:6 (w/v), 2h extraction, and 30°C, inorganic extraction efficiency (<I>E<SUB>inorg</SUB> </I>) and total efficiency (<I>E<SUB>tot</SUB> </I>) using water were respectively 76.88 and 50.82% for fresh biomass while those of dried biomass were 72.99 and 65.79%. For fresh biomass extraction using ethanol, <I>E<SUB>inorg</SUB> </I> (74.19%) and <I>E<SUB>tot</SUB> </I> (42.21%) were much higher than for dried biomass with 7.29% <I>E<SUB>inorg</SUB> </I> and 1.21% <I>E<SUB>tot</SUB> </I>. With 10% ethanol, <I>E<SUB>inorg</SUB> </I> were similar for both materials, however, higher ratio of inorganic to organic extraction efficiency (<I>r<SUB>E</SUB> </I>) (5.48) were obtained for fresh biomass compared to lower <I>r<SUB>E</SUB> </I> (2.02) for dried biomass. The <I>r<SUB>E</SUB> </I> for fresh biomass was higher (13.80) than that for dried biomass (1.32) using water at 1:4 solid to liquid ratio, suggesting that fresh kelp is better feedstock for bioenergy production.</P>

Microalgae-based biorefinery: biofuels, bulk chemicals, high-value products and battery materials

You-Kwan OH 한국생물공학회 2017 한국생물공학회 학술대회 Vol.2017 No.10

Lipid biorefinery: cracking renewable fatty acids into functional carboxylic acids

Jin-Byung PARK 한국생물공학회 2014 한국생물공학회 학술대회 Vol.2014 No.10