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Biomass Production and Carbon Sequestration by Azadirachta indica in Coal Mined Lands
Priyanka Bohre,O.P. Chaubey 보안공학연구지원센터 2016 International Journal of Bio-Science and Bio-Techn Vol.8 No.2
Carbon management is a serious concern confronting the world today. The importance of carbon sequestration in tree biomass has long been recognized, but few attempts have been made to estimate tree biomass accumulation and its contribution to sequestration of carbon on mined areas. Carbon sequestration rates vary by tree species, soil type, regional climate, and topography and management practice. We quantified biomass accumulation and carbon sequestration by Azadirachta indica A. Juss raised on coal mine overburden at Singrauli, Madhya Pradesh, India, adopting non harvest methods. A. indica, of the family Meliaceae, is one of the most widely distributed and multipurpose tree species occurring in dry regions of the country. Growth data were collected for 115 trees (>5 cm DBH) covering the overburden plantations of Northern Coal Field Limited, Singrauli (India). Plantation varied from 2-18 years. Significant correlations were identified between basal area and volume, DBH and volume and basal area and total biomass.
강원도 춘천지역 신갈나무 임분과 굴참나무 임분의 물질생산
박인협 ( In Hyeop Park ),서영권 ( Young Kwon Seo ),김동엽 ( Dong Yeob Kim ),손요환 ( Yow Han Son ),이명종 ( Myong Jong Yi ),진현오 ( Hyun O Jin ) 한국산림과학회 2003 한국산림과학회지 Vol.92 No.1
A 50-rear-old Quercus mongolica stand and a 49-year-old Quercus variabilis stand in Chuncheon, Kangwan-do were studied to compare their biomass, not production and production efficiency including roots and undergrowth. Total biomass of Q. mongolica stand was 500.28t/ha and net production was 21.85t/ha/yr. Total biomass of Q. variabilis stand was 321.191t/ha and net prcduction was 17.33t/ha/yr. Biomass accumulation ratio was 22.90 for Q. mongoica stand and 18.53 for Q. variabilis stand. Net assimilation ratio was 4.05 for Q. mongolica stand and 5.17 for Q. variabilis stand. Since Q. mongolica stand had more leaf biomass than Q. variabilis stand, the former showed a higher total biomass even though its net assimilation ratio was a little lower than the latter.
Hong-Tao Xu,Chen Wang,Zhi-Hui Zhou,Zhong-Jun Chen,Heng Cai 한국생물공학회 2015 Biotechnology and Bioprocess Engineering Vol.20 No.4
Succinic acid production by genetically engineered C. glutamicum from lignocellulosic biomass requires the hydrolysis of carbohydrate polymers into fermentable syrup. A variety of toxic compounds are produced such as aldehydes and organic acids, while the hydrolysis of hemicellulose with dilute acid. In this study, we have investigated the toxicity of representative aldehydes (furfural, 5-hydroxymethylfurfural, syringaldehyde, and vanillin) and organic acids (ferulic, 4-hydroxybenzic, vanillic, protocatechuic acid) on growth and succinic acid accumulation of C. glutamicum NC-1. In the presence of various inhibitors of growth experiment, furfural, 5- hydroxymethylfurfural appeared less toxic to growth of C. glutamicum NC-1, syringaldehyde almost completely inhibitor growth of C. glutamicum NC-1, vanillin has inhibited the growth of 67%, of organic acids, only ferulic appeared toxic to growth of C. glutamicum NC-1. Of succinic acid accumulation experiment under oxygen deprivation, all the organic acids compounds showed little inhibition on the glocuse consumption and succinic acid accumulation of C. glutamicum NC-1, but furfural, 5- hydroxymethylfurfural and vanillic have decreased the production of succinic acid. In addition, the actual inhibitor mixtures from the acid hydrolysate of corn cobs have reduced the accumulation of succinic acid. Across further research showed, a reason of succinic acid yield decrease was the malic enzyme activity was inhibited.
정석희,엄지영,장지혜,이재호,조구현,이재석 한국환경생물학회 2015 환경생물 : 환경생물학회지 Vol.33 No.4
Understanding of a carbon storage in a regional scale ecosystem is a very important data for predicting change of global carbon cycle. Therefore, the real data collected in the various ecosystems are a very useful for enhancing accuracy of model prediction. We tried to estimate total accumulated ecosystem carbon in Deogyusan National Park (DNP) with naturally well preserved ecosystem. In DNP, vegetations were classified to four main communities with Quercus mongolica community (12,636.9 ha, 54.8%), Quercus variabilis community (2,987.0 ha, 13.0%), Pinus densiflora community (5,758.0 ha, 25.0%), and Quercus serrata community (402.9 ha,1.7%). Biomass and soil carbons were estimated by the biomass allometric equations based on the DBH and carbon contents of litter and soil (0~30 cm) layers collected in 3 plots (30 cm×30 cm) in each community. The biomass and soil carbons were shown as high value as 1,759,000 tC and 7,776,000 tC, respectively, in Quercus mongolia community in DNP area. In Quercus mongolica, Quercus variabilis, Quercus serrata, Pinus densiflora communities, the accumulated ecosystem carbon were shown 9,536,000 tC, 1,405,000 tC, 147,000 tC, 346,000 tC, respectively. Also, the total ecosystem carbon was estimated with 11,434,000 tC in DNP.
정석희,엄지영,장지혜,이재호,조구현,이재석 한국환경생물학회 2015 환경생물 : 환경생물학회지 Vol.33 No.4
Understanding of a carbon storage in a regional scale ecosystem is a very important data for predicting change of global carbon cycle. Therefore, the real data collected in the various ecosystems are a very useful for enhancing accuracy of model prediction. We tried to estimate total accumulated ecosystem carbon in Deogyusan National Park (DNP) with naturally well preserved ecosystem. In DNP, vegetations were classified to four main communities with Quercus mongolica community (12,636.9 ha, 54.8%), Quercus variabilis community (2,987.0 ha, 13.0%), Pinus densiflora community (5,758.0 ha, 25.0%), and Quercus serrata community (402.9 ha,1.7%). Biomass and soil carbons were estimated by the biomass allometric equations based on the DBH and carbon contents of litter and soil (0~30 cm) layers collected in 3 plots (30 cm×30 cm) in each community. The biomass and soil carbons were shown as high value as 1,759,000 tC and 7,776,000 tC, respectively, in Quercus mongolia community in DNP area. In Quercus mongolica, Quercus variabilis, Quercus serrata, Pinus densiflora communities, the accumulated ecosystem carbon were shown 9,536,000 tC, 1,405,000 tC, 147,000 tC, 346,000 tC, respectively. Also, the total ecosystem carbon was estimated with 11,434,000 tC in DNP.
고농도 아연 조건에서 수수-수단그라스 교잡종의 생장, 광합성 및 아연 제거능
오순자 ( Soonja Oh ),고석찬 ( Seok Chan Koh ) 한국환경과학회 2016 한국환경과학회지 Vol.25 No.8
Plant biomass, photosystem II (PSII) photochemical activity, photosynthetic function, and zinc (Zn) accumulation were investigated in a sorghum-sudangrass hybrid (Sorghum bicolor × S. sudanense) exposed to various Zn concentrations to determine the elimination capacity of Zn from soils. Plant growth and biomass of the sorghum-sudangrass hybrid decreased with increasing Zn concentration. Symptoms of Zn toxicity, i.e., withering and discoloration of old leaves, were found at Zn concentrations over 800 ppm. PSII photochemical activity, as indicated by the values of F<sub>v</sub>/F<sub>m</sub> and F<sub>v</sub>/F<sub>o</sub, decreased significantly three days after exposure to Zn concentrations of 800 ppm or more. Photosynthetic CO<sub>2</sub>c fixation rate (A) was high between Zn concentrations of 100-200 ppm (22.5 μmol CO₂·m<sup>-2</sup>·s<sup>-1</sup>), but it declined as Zn concentration increased. At Zn concentrations of 800 and 1600 ppm, A was 14.1 and 1.8 μmol CO₂·m<sup>-2</sup>·s<sup>-1</sup> , respectively. The patterns of stomatal conductance (g<sup>s</sup>), transpiration rate (E), and water use efficiency (WUE) were all similar to that of photosynthetic CO2 fixation rate, except for dark respiration (R<sup>d</sup>), which showed an opposite pattern. Zn was accumulated in both above- and below-ground parts of plants, but was more in the below-ground parts. Magnesium (Mg) and iron (Fe) concentrations were significantly low in the leaves of plants, and symptoms of Mg or Fe deficiency, such as a decrease in the SPAD value, were found when plants were treated with Zn concentrations above 800 ppm. These results suggest that the sorghum-sudangrass hybrid is able to accumulate Zn to high level in plant body and eliminate it with its rapid growth and high biomass yield.
돈사폐수의 ANAMMOX 적용에 있어서 아질산성 질소 및 암모니아성 질소의 농도에 따른 영향
황인수,민경석 한국물환경학회 2006 한국물환경학회지 Vol.22 No.3
The anaerobic ammonium oxidation (ANAMMOX) from substrates with various NO2-N and NH4-N concentationes, which were generated from piggery waste was accomplished by using anaerobic granular sludge as seeding sludge. As the result of operation, when NO2-N/NH4-N ratios of ANAMMOX influent were 0.6~1.5, NO2-N/NH4-N removal ratios were exhibited 1.19~2.07 (average 1.63). The higher influent NO2-N/NH4-N ratios resulted in higher NO2-N/NH4-N removal ratios by ANAMMOX. It means that NO2-N concentration is very important factor in ANAMMOX. Specific ammonium removal rate was constantly as 0.03~0.04 gNH4-N/g VSS-day at 35°C while it was 0.01 gNH4-N/g VSS-day at 20~30°C. Thus, in order to reduce the effluent N concentration, either an increase of ANAMMOX reactor HRT or more biomass accumulation at the optimal temperature can be considered.