디지털저작도구의 창의적 특성과 교육에 관한 연구; 3D 애니메이션 저작도구(3DStudioMax)를 중심으로

김대우 한국만화애니메이션학회 2013 만화애니메이션연구 Vol.- No.31

Animation tool has been made changes rapid development of animation from analog tool to digital authoring tool. Depending on the change in the status of digital authoring tools, education of digital authoring tool has brought many changes occurred in the institute and university. Digital authoring tool was insufficient for research of authoring tool due to the recognition that authoring tool is a simple tool. I try to resolve the difficulties through the analysis digital authoring tools to students studying at the university. In addition, Suggests social/cultural change of animation practitioners and effective training methods of digital authoring tools in the education of beginners and practitioners. This tool have perceptual knowledge and narrative knowledge. Since the language features and knowledge features is difficult to learn. it must be learned knowledge of computer graphics of professional level properly to learn. Then users should try to be creative within the authoring tool to produce creative results. also formed the community and to exchange information for self-development further it should form job market that authoring tool make formed through medium. So, I think that there is a need to change academically attitude to authoring tool. because this is not only the positive side but it occurs phenomenon to enslave users in authoring tool, and blind faith in the authoring tool or critical stance on software. It was a lot of pre-existing research that investigate engineering and industrial side in the authoring tool. Through this thesis, We will find social / cultural features and academic significance, and investigate that how to approach the method of education. 애니메이션 도구가 아날로그 도구에서 디지털 저작도구로 바뀌면서 애니메이션의 비약적인 발전이 이루어졌다. 디지털 저작도구의 위상변화에 따라, 대학과 학원 등에서 디지털 저작도구의 교육에도 많은 변화가 생기게 되었다. 디지털 저작도구가 단순한 도구(tool)이라는 인식으로 인해 저작도구에 대한 연구가 부족하였으므로, 대학교육 현장에서 학생들의 디지털 저작도구에 대한 적응의 어려움과 체감난이도를 줄여보고자 이것에 대한 분석적 접근을 해보고자 한다. 아울러 애니메이션 종사자들의 사회적 문화적 변화와 초급자와 실무자의 재교육에 있어 디지털 저작도구의 효과적인 교육방안을 제안 한다. 이 도구는 지각적 지식과 서술적 지식을 동시에 가지고 있고 언어적 특징과 지식적 특징들을 가지기 때문에, 배우기도 힘들고 제대로 익히기 위해서는 전문적 수준의 컴퓨터그래픽지식을 배워야 한다. 그리고 창조적인 결과물을 제작하기 위해 저작도구 내에서 창의적인 시도를 하기도 한다. 또한 자기개발을 위해 사용자들은 커뮤니티를 형성해 정보를 교환하고 더 나아가 저작도구를 매개로 한 구인구직시장을 형성하기도 한다. 이처럼 디지털 저작도구는 단순한 도구가 아니다. 그래서 저작도구에 대한 태도를 학구적으로 바꿀 필요가 있다고 생각한다. 그러나 이것이 긍정적인 측면만 가지고 있는 것은 아니어서 사용자들이 다루는 저작도구에 종속화되는 현상이 생기고 있으며, 저작도구를 맹신하거나 타 소프트웨어에 비판적인 입장을 갖게 되기도 한다. 기존에 저작도구에 관한 연구가 공학적 측면과 산업적 측면만으로 보는 경향이 많았는데, 이 논문을 통해서 인문학적 측면에서 사회/문화적 특징과 학술적인 의미를 찾고 교육적 차원에서 어떻게 접근하는 것이 옳은 것인지 조사 한다.

디지털저작도구의 창의적 특성과 교육에 관한 연구

김대우(Kim, Dae woo) 한국만화애니메이션학회 2013 만화애니메이션연구 Vol.- No.31

애니메이션 도구가 아날로그 도구에서 디지털 저작도구로 바뀌면서 애니메이션의 비약적인 발전이 이루어졌다. 디지털 저작도구의 위상변화에 따라, 대학과 학원 등에서 디지털 저작도구의 교육에도 많은 변화가 생기게 되었다. 디지털 저작도구가 단순한 도구(tool)이라는 인식으로 인해 저작도구에 대한 연구가 부족하였으므로, 대학교육 현장에서 학생들의 디지털 저작도구에 대한 적응의 어려움과 체감난이도를 줄여보고자 이것에 대한 분석적 접근을 해보고자 한다. 아울러 애니메이션 종사자들의 사회적 문화적 변화와 초급자와 실무자의 재교육에 있어 디지털 저작도구의 효과적인 교육방안을 제안 한다. 이 도구는 지각적 지식과 서술적 지식을 동시에 가지고 있고 언어적 특징과 지식적 특징들을 가지기 때문에, 배우기도 힘들고 제대고 익히기 위해서는 전문적 수준의 컴퓨터그래픽지식을 배워야 한다. 그리고 창조적인 결과물을 제작하기 위해 저작도구 내에서 창의적인 시도를 하기도 한다. 또한 자기개발을 위해 사용자들은 커뮤니티를 형성해 정보를 교환하고 더 나아가 저작도구를 매개로한 구인구직시장을 형성하기도 한다. 이처럼 디지털 저작도구는 단순한 도구가 아니다. 그래서 저작도구에 대한 태도를 학구적으로 바꿀 필요가 있다고 생각한다. 그러나 이것이 긍정적인 측면가 가지고 있는 것은 아니어서 사용자들이 다루는 저작도구에 종속화되는 현상이 생기고 있으며, 저작도구를 맹신하거나 타 소프트웨어 비판적인 입장을 갖게 되기도 한다. 기존에 저작도구에 관한 연구가 공학적 측면과 산업적 측면만으로 보는 경향이 많았는데, 이 논문을 통해서 인문학적 측면에서 사회/문화적 특징과 학술적인 의미를 찾고 교육적 차원에서 어떻게 접근하는 것이 옳은 것인지 조사 한다. Animation tool has been made changes rapid development of animation from analog tool to digital authoring tool. Depending on the change in the status of digital authoring tools, education of digital authoring tool has brought many changes occurred in the institute and university. Digital authoring tool was insufficient for research of authoring tool due to the recognition that authoring tool is a simple tool. I try to resolve the difficulties through the analysis digital authoring tools to students studying at the university. In addition, Suggests social/cultural change of animation practitioners and effective training methods of digital authoring tools in the education of beginners and practitioners. This tool have perceptual knowledge and narrative knowledge. Since the language features and knowledge features is difficult to learn. it must be learned knowledge of computer graphics of professional level properly to learn. Then users should try to be creative within the authoring tool to produce creative results. also formed the community and to exchange information for self-development further it should form job market that authoring tool make formed through medium. So, I think that there is a need to change academically attitude to authoring tool. because this is not only the positive side but it occurs phenomenon to enslave users in authoring tool, and blind faith in the authoring tool or critical stance on software. It was a lot of pre-existing research that investigate engineering and industrial side in the authoring tool. Through this thesis, We will find social / cultural features and academic significance, and investigate that how to approach the method of education.

A Study on the Conceptual Design of Smart App Authoring Tool

Young-Hyun Chang 국제문화기술진흥원 2015 International Journal of Advanced Culture Technolo Vol.3 No.2

IT environment gets more complicated in terms of open platform, network standards, device design and hardware, etc. Smart network and application are in the fields of corporate as well as national competition for future fusion technology. In development environment focused on computers, the ideas of authoring tool have been presented in terms of improved software productivity. In smart environment where subdividing works are consecutively done, current authoring tool should be effectively updated for effective development of programs and easier access to business works. The basic concept of a new conceptual App development tool, Smart App Authoring Tool, which has been designed in this study and enables to apply on-site requirements to smart phones, is to develop Apps on the level using easy-to-learn Word or Excel in a computer. Therefore, this study is intended to design a conceptual Smart App Authoring Tool to optimize the cost and time for developing and maintaining new application services under various smart phone platform environments. Based on the performance of smart app authoring tool herein, every people can develop a smart app program at moderate level. So this paper have designed a conceptual smart app authoring tool. This study presented educational efficiency of the authoring tool by developing business Apps under various business environments and applying them under university and high school environments.

A Study on the Conceptual Design of Smart App Authoring Tool

Chang, Young-Hyun The International Promotion Agency of Culture Tech 2015 International Journal of Advanced Culture Technolo Vol.3 No.2

IT environment gets more complicated in terms of open platform, network standards, device design and hardware, etc. Smart network and application are in the fields of corporate as well as national competition for future fusion technology. In development environment focused on computers, the ideas of authoring tool have been presented in terms of improved software productivity. In smart environment where subdividing works are consecutively done, current authoring tool should be effectively updated for effective development of programs and easier access to business works. The basic concept of a new conceptual App development tool, Smart App Authoring Tool, which has been designed in this study and enables to apply on-site requirements to smart phones, is to develop Apps on the level using easy-to-learn Word or Excel in a computer. Therefore, this study is intended to design a conceptual Smart App Authoring Tool to optimize the cost and time for developing and maintaining new application services under various smart phone platform environments. Based on the performance of smart app authoring tool herein, every people can develop a smart app program at moderate level. So this paper have designed a conceptual smart app authoring tool. This study presented educational efficiency of the authoring tool by developing business Apps under various business environments and applying them under university and high school environments.

권리정보 기반 협업저작물 저작도구에 관한 연구

이영훈(Yeong-Hun Yi),최창하(Chang-Ha Choi),조성환(Seong-Hwan Cho) 韓國컴퓨터情報學會 2016 韓國컴퓨터情報學會論文誌 Vol.21 No.3

In this paper, we propose a model of the collaborative authoring tool and its implementation results. In the ‘collaborative authoring and automatic distribution system,’ users can create eBooks by using partial works (primary and edited sources) on the basis of copyright information registered by the primary author. The Collaborative Authoring Tool is a part of “the collaborative authoring and automatic distribution system” developed through research on “the development of key technologies of social work protection and content mashup tools” as an R&D project granted by the Korea Copyright Commission from 2013. In the collaborative authoring and automatic distribution system, authors of primary sources such as images, audio clips and video clips for eBooks can register them together with the copyright information; users can edit the primary sources to produce secondary sources and in turn register the secondary sources on the system; and users can create and distribute eBooks by using the sources registered in the system.

효과적인 인터랙티브 비디오 저작을 위한 얼굴영역 기반의 어노테이션 방법

윤의녕(Ui Nyoung Yoon),가명현(Myeong Hyeon Ga),조근식(Geun-Sik Jo) 한국지능정보시스템학회 2015 지능정보연구 Vol.21 No.1

Many TV viewers use mainly portal sites in order to retrieve information related to broadcast while watching TV. However retrieving information that people wanted needs a lot of time to retrieve the information because current internet presents too much information which is not required. Consequentially, this process can’t satisfy users who want to consume information immediately. Interactive video is being actively investigated to solve this problem. An interactive video provides clickable objects, areas or hotspots to interact with users. When users click object on the interactive video, they can see additional information, related to video, instantly. The following shows the three basic procedures to make an interactive video using interactive video authoring tool: (1) Create an augmented object; (2) Set an object’s area and time to be displayed on the video; (3) Set an interactive action which is related to pages or hyperlink; However users who use existing authoring tools such as Popcorn Maker and Zentrick spend a lot of time in step (2). If users use wireWAX then they can save sufficient time to set object’s location and time to be displayed because wireWAX uses vision based annotation method. But they need to wait for time to detect and track object. Therefore, it is required to reduce the process time in step (2) using benefits of manual annotation method and vision-based annotation method effectively. This paper proposes a novel annotation method allows annotator to easily annotate based on face area. For proposing new annotation method, this paper presents two steps: pre-processing step and annotation step. The pre-processing is necessary because system detects shots for users who want to find contents of video easily. Pre-processing step is as follow: 1) Extract shots using color histogram based shot boundary detection method from frames of video; 2) Make shot clusters using similarities of shots and aligns as shot sequences; and 3) Detect and track faces from all shots of shot sequence metadata and save into the shot sequence metadata with each shot. After pre-processing, user can annotates object as follow: 1) Annotator selects a shot sequence, and then selects keyframe of shot in the shot sequence; 2) Annotator annotates objects on the relative position of the actor’s face on the selected keyframe. Then same objects will be annotated automatically until the end of shot sequence which has detected face area; and 3) User assigns additional information to the annotated object. In addition, this paper designs the feedback model in order to compensate the defects which are wrong aligned shots, wrong detected faces problem and inaccurate location problem might occur after object annotation. Furthermore, users can use interpolation method to interpolate position of objects which is deleted by feedback. After feedback user can save annotated object data to the interactive object metadata. Finally, this paper shows interactive video authoring system implemented for verifying performance of proposed annotation method which uses presented models. In the experiment presents analysis of object annotation time, and user evaluation. First, result of object annotation average time shows our proposed tool is 2 times faster than existing authoring tools for object annotation. Sometimes, annotation time of proposed tool took longer than existing authoring tools, because wrong shots are detected in the pre-processing. The usefulness and convenience of the system were measured through the user evaluation which was aimed at users who have experienced in interactive video authoring system. Recruited 19 experts evaluates of 11 questions which is out of CSUQ(Computer System Usability Questionnaire). CSUQ is designed by IBM for evaluating system. Through the user evaluation, showed that proposed tool is useful for authoring interactive video than about 10% of the other interactive video authoring systems.

수학과 과학 교육용 저작도구에 대한 학습자의 사용성 평가: STEAMuP의 사례를 중심으로

김영인,이경화,이송희,박찬희 이화여자대학교 교과교육연구소 2023 교과교육학연구 Vol.27 No.6

수학과 과학 교육에서 학습자에게 다양한 학습 경험을 제공하는 교육용 저작도구가 주목받고 있는 가운데, 본 연구는 교육용 저작도구에 대한 사용성을 분석하여 효과적인 콘텐츠 개발 및 교육 현장에서의 활용을 위한 시사점을 제시하고자 한다. 본 연구에서는 수학과 과학 교육용 저작도구인 STEAMuP 아카데미에 대한 사용성 평가를 295명의 초·중·고 학생을 대상으로 수행하였다. 인지·기술 중심으로 진행되었던 기존 사용성 평가에 더해 교육용 저작도구의 정의적인 측면을 고려한 사용성 평가를 진행하였다. 연구 결과, 학습자들은 ‘학습 동기’와 ‘교육적 설계 및 웹 사용성’에 대해 긍정적으로 평가하였다. 특히, 자율적인 조작과 탐구 활동을 통해 흥미를 유발했으며, 시뮬레이션을 통한 콘텐츠가 학습의 내용 이해를 도왔다고 평가했다. 초등학생은 중·고등학생에 비해 기능의 안정성 측면에서 사용성을 상대적으로 낮게 평가하였으며, 초기 조작 방법에 대한 안내가 필요하다고 하였다. 이러한 결과는 수학과 과학 교육용 저작도구를 활용하여 수업을 설계하거나 수학과 과학 교육용 저작도구를 개발할 때, 학생들의 디지털 리터러시를 고려하고 학생의 탐구를 위한 자유도를 높여 학생들의 학습 동기를 유발할 수 있는 유의미한 테크놀로지 학습 환경을 모색해야 함을 시사한다. Amid the increasing attention on educational authoring tools that offer diverse learning experiences in mathematics and science education, this study focuses on assessing the usability of authoring tools. The objective is to offer insights for effective contents development and utilization in educational settings with assessment of usability for authoring tools. This study conducted the assessment of the usability of STEAMuP Academy, an educational authoring tool for mathematics and science education, with 295 K-12 students. This study extends preceding usability evaluation, which have primarily focused on cognitive and technological aspects, by incorporating affective aspects of educational authoring tools. The results show that ‘motivation’ and ‘instructional design and web usability’ are regarded positive. Specifically, the learners were satisfied with autonomous manipulation and exploration, and confirmed that learning content through simulation helped conceptual understanding. Elementary school students, in comparison to middle and high school students, rated usability relatively lower in terms of functional stability, and expressed the necessity of guidance on initial operations. These findings underscore the importance of considering students’ digital literacy when designing lessons or developing educational authoring tools for mathematics and science. It highlights the significance of exploring meaningful technological learning environments that can stimulate students’ learning motivation through the utilization of educational authoring tools for mathematics and science education.

디자인 업무 유형에 따른 그래픽 저작도구의 사용 현황과 발전 방향 - 인터페이스 디자인 분야를 중심으로 -

정다영,김승인 한국융합학회 2017 한국융합학회논문지 Vol.8 No.11

최근 빠르게 변화하는 디지털 디자인 분야에 발맞추어 그래픽 저작도구도 다양한 형태로 발전되어 왔다. 그러나 사용자의 환경에 따라 형태와 크기가 달라지는 인터페이스 디자인 분야에서는 보다 유기적이고 확장 가능한 저작도구를 필요로 하게 되었고, 다양한 신규 도구의 등장과 함께 업무 환경에도 변화가 나타나고 있다. 따라서 본 연구는 현재 국내 디자이너들이 주로 사용하고 있는 그래픽 저작도구의 현황을 파악하고 이를 해외 사례에 비교하 여 봄으로써 국내 시장과 해외 시장의 그래픽 저작도구 환경 및 디자이너가 저작도구를 선택하는 기준과 기업 유형 및 참여하고 있는 프로젝트의 유형에 따라 저작도구의 선택이 어떻게 달라지는지를 알아보았다. 연구결과 저작도구 의 선택은 프로젝트의 유형과 효율성에 따라 달라졌는데 이를 토대로 디자이너 개인과 기업이 그래픽 저작도구를 선택하고 업무 환경을 구축할 때 참고가 될 수 있는 자료를 제시하고 향후 그래픽 저작도구가 발전해 나가야 할 방향을 제안하고자 한다. In recent years, graphics authoring tools have evolved into a variety of formats in line with the rapidly changing digital design field. However, in the field of interface design, screen shape and size depending on the user’s environment, it needs more flexible and scalable authoring tools. Along with the emergence of variety of new tools, work processes are also changing. This study investigates what kinds of graphic authoring tools are currently used by designers and compared the result to the case of overseas and examined the difference in the environment of graphic authoring tool. This study looked at criteria and satisfaction of designers choosing authoring tools and how the choice depends on the type of company we are working in and the type of project we are involved in. Research shows that the choice of authoring tools depends on the type and efficiency of the project. Based on this, a reference is provided to establish the standard and working environment for designers and companies to select graphic authoring tools and propose the future direction of graphic authoring tool environments.

중국어문 콘텐츠 오쏘링툴(Authoring tool) 유형분석과 활용전략

박정원(Park, Jeongweon) 한국중어중문학회 2018 中語中文學 Vol.- No.74

We live in an age where the importance of content is being emphasized in education. In these times, the text that makes up the content is important, but the visualization of the data is more important. Society connected to a variety of devices is called a ‘hyper-connected society’. In a hyper-connected society, sharing data is very important; data sharing maximizes the effectiveness of data. Before making content, you must cultivate the ability to manipulate various data. In addition, an understanding of the authoring tools that can produce content must precede. In other words, creativity that enhances the expressiveness and communication of data is critical in producing content. In this paper, we will analyze content authoring tools for the production of Chinese education and learning contents by type, and analyze the production process and service method of contents. The automation tools were divided into installation, installation, platform-based , HTML-based and ebook based, and compared and analyzed tools. The flow of the Fourth Industrial Revolution is a change that we can"t resist. Analysis and production capabilities of the Chinese language content authoring tools will enhance digital capabilities.

디지털 콘텐츠 저작 도구 Namo Author를 활용한 교육 프로그램 설계 과정과 효과에 관한 연구

임철일 ( Cheolil Lim ),염지윤 ( Jiyoon Yeom ),이종찬 ( Jongchan Lee ),정혜원 ( Hyewon Jung ),최서연 ( Seoyeon Choi ),이웅기 ( Unggi Lee ) 한국교육정보미디어학회(구 한국교육정보방송학회) 2021 교육정보미디어연구 Vol.27 No.2

COVID-19로 인한 원격교육과 디지털트랜스포메이션으로 인한 교육현장의 변화로 디지털 기반의 교육용 콘텐츠에 대한 수요는 더욱 높아졌지만, 기존의 콘텐츠는 교사 및 학습자의 요구를 충족시키기에 미흡한 점이 있다. 따라서 본 연구는 디지털 콘텐츠 저작 도구인 Namo Author를 활용하여 교육용 콘텐츠를 설계하는 과정과 그것의 효과성을 분석하려고 하였다. 교육용 콘텐츠 설계를 위한 참여적 설계 과정은 교사, 학생, 연구자가 5개의 팀을 구성하여 이루어졌다. 준비, 설계, 사용성 평가, 최종 개발 및 실행의 네 가지 단계를 거쳐 연구가 수행되었으며, 사용성 평가 과정에는 학습자 사용에 대한 시선추적기법이 탐색적으로 활용되었다. 연구 결과, 해당 저작 도구가 학습자 중심의 교육용 콘텐츠를 제작하는데 효과적이며, 프로그래밍에 대한 전문 지식이 적어도 전자책 형태의 콘텐츠를 빠르게 제작할 수 있도록 한다는 점을 확인하였다. 반면, 현재 저작 도구의 인터페이스가 다소 직관적이지 않고, 제작한 콘텐츠를 구동할 수 있는 환경이 제한적이라는 한계도 확인하였다. 본 연구는 교육용 저작 도구의 효과성 및 한계를 확인함으로써 추후 교육용 저작 도구 및 교육용 콘텐츠 개발 시 참고할 수 있는 시사점을 도출했다는 데 의의가 있다. The demand for digital educational content has increased with the adoption of distance learning in schools caused by COVID-19 and digital transformation, the existing digital contents are still insufficient to meet the needs of teachers and learners. Therefore, this study is designed to analyze the process of designing educational contents and its effectiveness using Namo Author, a digital content authoring tool. The educational contents were developed by adopting a participatory design method with five teams of researchers, teachers, and learners and by conducting four stages of preparation, design, usability test and development and implementation. In particular, eye tracking technique has been used explorately in the usability tests for learners. The results of the study confirmed that the authoring tool is effective in producing learner-engaged educational contents. Also, the tool has advantage in creating e-pub contents easily without the complex knowledge of computer programming. On the other hand, it has limitations such as less intuitive interface and the limited execution environment. This study is meaningful in that it has derived implications to the future development of educational authoring tools and educational contents by examining the effects and limits of the educational authoring tool.