아동 · 청소년 권리에 관한 국제협약 이행 연구 - 한국 아동 · 청소년 인권실태 2019 심화분석보고서 : 청소년의 폭력피해 및 인권존중 경험 유형 및 특성 연구

강지영 한국청소년정책연구원 2019 한국청소년정책연구원 연구보고서 Vol.- No.-

This study aimed to understand adolescents’ experiences of violence and evaluation on their own human rights. The participants were adolescent who responded to “Korean Survey on the Rights of Children and Youth in 2019”. I conducted latent class/profile analysis, regression analysis, descriptive analysis, t-test, and chi-square analysis. The results were as follows. First, there were 4 latent classes of victimization: no-victimization, victimization at home, victimization by a teacher and poly-victimization. There were also 2 latent classes of adolescents’ evaluation on their own human rights: positive and negative. Second, the poly-victimization group showed the most serious level of depression and suicide ideation. The positive evaluation group showed better mental health overall. Third, girls were more likely to experience victimization at home and boys were more likely to experience victimization by a teacher. As adolescents get older, as they perceive their physical health better and as community safety increases, adolescents were less likely to belong to the class of poly-victimization. Predictors of positive evaluation of adolescent’s human rights included violence by parents, being respected for human rights by parents and teachers, and community safety, grades, and economic status. Forth, experiences of poly-victimization predicted more adolescents’ discriminating behavior. Adolescents’ positive evaluation on their own human rights predicted higher human rights awareness. Based on the research findings, I discussed how to prevent violence victimization and respect adolescents’ human rights.

성향점수매칭 분석을 통한 청소년의 구체적 범죄두려움에 대한 설명요인 검증 : 성별 및 학년별 중심으로

김세령 ( Seryeong Kim ),박정선 ( Jeongsun Park ) 대한범죄학회 2021 한국범죄학 Vol.15 No.3

이 연구는 학교폭력 피해 경험이 청소년의 구체적 범죄두려움에 미치는 효과를 검증하고, 이러한 효과가 성별 및 학년별로 어떻게 다르게 나타나는가를 살펴보기 위해 2018년 한국형사정책연구원의 「전국범죄피해조사(Ⅷ): 아동·청소년 범죄피해조사 2017」자료를 활용하였다. 연구 방법으로 학교폭력 피해 경험과 범죄두려움의 시간적 선행성 입증에 대한 한계를 극복하고 선택 편의를 최소화할 수 있는 성향점수매칭(Propensity Score Matching) 후 성별 및 학년별로 구분하여 회귀분석을 실시하였다. 분석 결과, 학교폭력 피해 경험이 다른 설명요인들보다 범죄두려움에 강력한 영향력이 있음을 확인하였고, 학교폭력 피해 경험이 여학생과 초등학생의 범죄두려움에 미치는 영향력이 다른 집단에 비해 강하다는 것을 확인하였다. 이러한 연구 결과는 취약성 가설을 지지할 뿐만 아니라 학교폭력의 저연령화 현상이 청소년의 범죄두려움에도 영향을 미친다는 것을 보여준다. 한편 다른 집단과 달리 중학생의 경우 학교폭력 피해 경험이 없는 상태에서 학교폭력 피해 경험으로 기대되는 범죄두려움의 수준이 높게 나타났는데, 이러한 결과는 혼란과 불안 수준이 높은 일명 ‘중2병’이라 불리는 사춘기 특성 때문에 학교폭력 피해에 대한 두려움을 잠재적으로 내재하고 있는 것으로 보인다. 따라서 청소년의 학교폭력 예방과 범죄두려움 해소를 위해서는 성별 및 학년별 특성을 고려한 차별화된 접근이 필요하다. 범죄학 이론을 토대로 청소년의 범죄두려움에 대한 영향요인을 성향점수매칭 후 회귀분석한 결과, 먼저 학교폭력 간접피해 경험 수준이 범죄두려움의 주요 영향요인으로 나타났다. 이러한 결과는 학교폭력 피해자 보호대책이 직접 피해자뿐만 아니라 모든 학생을 대상으로 종합적이고 포괄적일 필요가 있음을 시사한다. 다음으로 청소년의 구체적 범죄두려움은 지역사회의 무질서 인식과 지역경찰 신뢰도에 따라 영향을 받았다. 이에 따라 청소년의 등ㆍ하교 길에 대한 지역경찰의 가시적이고 집중적인 순찰 활동과 이를 통한 기초질서 확립이 청소년의 범죄두려움을 해소할 수 있다는 것을 보여준다. 다음으로 청소년의 구체적 범죄두려움은 자기통제와 보호감독 수준에 따라 영향을 받았다. 자기통제는 부모의 양육 태도와 높은 상관이 있다는 점과 보호감독의 부재는 범죄피해 대상이 되거나 일탈행위의 기회를 제공한다는 점에서 학교폭력의 저연령화가 심화되고 있는 지금 부모와 지역사회의 보호감독 역할은 더욱 강조되어야 할 것이다. This study examines how much the school violence victimization affects the concrete fear of crime of adolescents, and how these effects differ by gender and grade by using the secondary data, 「Korean Crime Victimization Survey (VIII): Children and Youth Crime Victimization Survey 2017」, conducted by Korean Institute of Criminology and Justice. This study utilizes Propensity Score Matching method, one of the alternatives to overcome the limitation of selection bias in non-experimental research. The main findings of this study are as follows. As a result of analyzing the effects of the school violence victimization on the concrete fear of crime of adolescents, it confirms that the school violence indirect victimization has a more significant impact on the concrete fear of crime than other explanatory variables. In addition, it confirms that the female students and the elementary school students more strongly experience the fear of crime from the school violence victimization than other groups. And, unlike other groups, the middle school students had a high level of the fear of crime, even if they did not experience the school violence victimization. Accordingly, in order to prevent school violence and to relieve the concrete fear of crime of adolescents, the differentiated approach is needed that considers gender and grade. Based on the theory of criminology, the analysis of the factors influencing the concrete fear of crime of adolescents shows that the level of indirect victimization to the school violence is the one of the significant factors. Accordingly, the measures to protect victims of school violence need to be overall and comprehensive not only for direct victims, but also for all students. Next, the concrete fear of crime of adolescents was significantly affected by the perception of disorder in the community and the reliability of the local police. Consequently, in order to relieve the concrete fear of crime of adolescents, the tangible and intensive police activities around school area and the establishment of basic orders through this are strongly recommended. And the concrete fear of crime of adolescents was significantly affected by their level of self-control and protective supervision. Since the self-control is highly correlated with the parenting attitude of parents, and the absence of protective supervision is likely to provide an opportunity for crime victimization or delinquency, the role of protective supervision of parents and community should be emphasized.

청소년의 신체적 성장에 따른 비행피해경험 변화 연구

장초록,김주영,장현석 경기대학교 사회과학연구소 2016 한국사회연구 Vol.19 No.-

현 정부의 중요한 정책 중 하나인 4대악 척결은 우리 사회의 중요한 문제로 대두되고 있다. 4대악 중 하나인 학교폭력은 청소 년들을 자살로 이끌 만큼 매우 심각한 문제로 인식된다. 신체적· 정신적으로 미성숙한 청소년기의 경우, 이러한 폭력피해는 성인 에게보다 정신적·사회적 측면에서 더 큰 문제로 이어질 가능성이 높다. 그러나 모든 청소년이 범죄와 비행의 피해자가 되는 것은 아니다. 본 연구는 청소년의 비행피해의 원인을 신체적 취약성으로 보았으며, 이러한 취약요인 중 청소년의 신체적 성장이 비행피해에 미치는 영향을 예상하였다. 또한 성별에 따른 신체적 성장 및 취 약성의 차이도 있을 것으로 예상하여 남학생과 여학생의 성장에 따른 비행피해를 비교하고자 하였다. 본 연구에서는 청소년의 신 체적 성장을 효과적으로 살펴보기 위하여 신장과 체중을 이용한 BMI값을 도출하였으며, 이를 독립변수로 사용하였다. 본 연구에서 사용한 데이터는 한국아동·청소년 패널조사 (KCYPS) 자료 중 중학교 1학년 자료를 사용하였다. 청소년의 성 장에 따른 비행피해의 변화를 알아보기 위하여 비행피해 항목을 포함하고 있는 2차년도부터 5차년도까지의 자료를 사용하였다. 연구방법으로는 비행피해 변화량을 알아보기 위하여 AMOS 18.01을 이용한 잠재성장모형을 사용하였으며, 남성과 여성 그룹 으로 나누어 비교분석하였다. 분석결과, 모델적합도를 가리키는 RMSEA값의 경우 .053, CFI, NFI, IFI의 값은 각각 .970, .965, .970으로 본 연구에 적합 한 모델임을 알아냈다. 남학생과 여학생의 신체적 성장과 비행피 해와의 경로계수를 보았을 때 여학생의 경우 BMI 초기값은 비행 피해와는 통계적으로 관계가 없는 것으로 나타났지만, BMI 변화 율은 비행피해 초기값 및 변화율에 유의미한 관계를 보였다. 여 학생과는 반대로 남학생은 BMI 초기값이 비행피해 초기값과 변 화율에 유의미한 영향을 미치는 것으로 밝혀졌다. 즉, 여학생의 비행피해경험은 성장하면서 변화하는 신체적 외형이 영향을 주 고, 남학생은 성장하며 변화하는 외형보다는 비행피해 측정 시점 의 신체적 특징이 이후의 비행피해에까지 영향을 미치는 것으로 결론지을 수 있다. 본 연구에서 분석한 결과를 토대로 후속 연구 에서는 비만도 뿐만 아니라 다른 신체적 취약성 요인과 정신적· 사회적 취약성 요인을 고려하여 연구를 진행할 수 있을 것이다. 또한 여학생과 남학생의 분석결과가 전혀 다르게 나타난 바, 후 속 연구에서는 성별에 따라 취약성 요인들을 다르게 적용하여 해 석이 가능할 것으로 예상된다. School violence is a serious problem that leads adolescents into suicide and is likely to be a bigger problem for immature adolescents than adults. This study considered BMI Index, calculated with height and weight, as a cause of adolescents’ victimization and predicted the impact of growth on victimization. Study also compared the gender difference in changes of victimization. The data used was Korean Children & Youth Panel Survey 7th grade students from 2nd year to 5th year. Latent Growth Model with AMOS 18.01 was used to examine the variation of victimization and gender comparison analysis. As a result, RMSEA value was .053 and CIF, NFI, IFI values were .970, .965, and .970 each meaning the goodness of fit is significant. Path coefficient analysis of female adolescents showed significant relationships on changes in BMI with original victimization and victimization change. On the other hand, path coefficient of male adolescents showed significant effect on original BMI and victimization values and victimization change. Therefore, female adolescents are likely to be victimized as the BMI changes when they grow up. For boys, first impression of themselves affects their victimization whether their BMI changes as they grow up. Based on these findings, future study should include variety of vulnerability factors and conduct comparison analysis of gender difference.

Correlates of direct and indirect forms of cyberbullying victimization involving South Korean adolescents: An ecological perspective

Hong, Jun Sung,Kim, Dong Ha,Thornberg, Robert,Kang, Jun Hyeok,Morgan, Julie Toth Elsevier 2018 Computers in Human Behavior Vol.87 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>The aim of the study is to explore the correlates of indirect and direct forms of cyberbullying victimization across individual, microsystem, mesosystem, and macrosystem contexts in a nationally representative sample of South Korean youth. Data were derived from the Korean Children and Youth Rights Study, and the total sample was 10,453 adolescents. The hierarchical linear regression analyses were conducted separately for both direct and indirect cyberbullying victimization. At the individual level, no variables were found to be associated with indirect cyberbullying victimization, but male sex and depression were positively related to direct cyberbullying victimization. At the microsystem level, parental neglect was related to indirect cyberbullying victimization, while parental abuse, parental neglect, and family dysfunction were associated with direct cyberbullying victimization. Poor peer relations was significant for both indirect and direct cyberbullying victimization, and teacher abuse and school victimization were associated with victims of both types of cyberbullying. Perceived neighborhood safety had negative association with indirect and direct cyberbullying victimization. At the mesosystem level, higher levels of parental abuse and poor peer relations was related to higher risk of indirect cyberbullying victimization. Also, higher levels of family dysfunction and poor peer relations were associated with higher risk of indirect cyberbullying victimization. An assessment of the risk factors for cyberbullying victimization across multiple domains is the first necessary steps towards the development of effective intervention strategies.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> Correlates of cyberbullying victimization in South Korea were examined. </LI> <LI> Bronfenbrenner's ecological systems perspective was applied. </LI> <LI> Male sex and depression were associated to direct cyberbullying. </LI> <LI> Several variables representing the microsystem were linked to cyberbullying. </LI> <LI> Two variables representing the mesosystem were related to indirect cyberbullying. </LI> </UL> </P>

청소년의 폭력피해경험이 차별행위에 미치는 영향과 우울의 매개효과

김희진 ( Kim Heui Jin ) 한국청소년복지학회 2017 청소년복지연구 Vol.19 No.3

본 연구의 목적은 가정, 학교, 사이버공간과 같은 청소년에게 밀접한 환경에서의 폭력피해경험이 청소년의 차별행위에 미치는 영향과 우울의 매개효과를 검증하는 것이다. 이를 위해, 2015년에 한국청소년정책연구원에서 수행한 아동·청소년 인권실태조사의 중·고등학생 7,354명의 데이터가 분석에 사용되었고 SPSS 20.0과 Amos 17.0 프로그램을 활용하여 기초통계와 상관관계분석, 그리고 구조방정식모델(SEM)분석을 실시하였다. 분석 결과, 첫째, 가정과 학교, 사이버공간에서의 폭력피해경험은 청소년의 차별행위에 유의미한 영향을 갖는 것으로 나타났다. 둘째, 이러한 폭력피해경험은 청소년의 우울에도 영향을 미쳤으며, 청소년의 우울은 차별행위에도 유의미한 영향을 미쳤다. 셋째, 우울은 청소년의 폭력피해경험과 차별행위와의 관계를 매개하는 것으로 나타났다. 이러한 분석결과를 토대로 본 연구는 청소년의 폭력피해경험과 차별행위의 관계에 대해 재조명하고, 가정, 학교, 사이버공간과 같은 밀접한 생활환경에서 폭력피해를 경험한 청소년을 위한 심리적 개입과 인권에 기반한(rights-based) 예방적 개입에 대한 실천적 함의를 논하였다. 마지막으로 보다 다양한 맥락에서의 폭력피해경험이 청소년의 차별에 미치는 영향에 대한 후속연구의 필요성을 제시하였다. The purpose of this research is to examine the effect of domestic, school, and cyber violence victimization taking place in the environment which is closely related to adolescents on the discriminatory behavior and to verify the mediating effect of depression. The data used in this study came from “A Survey on the Current Status of Korean Children`s and Youth`s Rights Ⅴ” in 2015. The structural equation model(SEM) analysis was conducted by Amos 17.0 program. Main findings showed that violence victimization occurring at home, school, and cyberspace significantly affected adolescents` discriminatory behavior and adolescent depression. Also, adolescent depression significantly influenced the adolescents` discriminatory behavior. Depression mediated the relationship between adolescents` violence victimization and their discriminatory behavior. This study shedded new light on the association between adolescents` violence victimization and their discriminatory behavior. Psychological interventions and rights-based implications for adolescent violence victims were discussed. It suggests that a future study as for the effects of adolescents` violence victimization on their discriminatory behavior in various contexts should be necessary.

온라인상 아동・청소년 성착취 피해자 보호를 위한 몇 가지 제언과 과제

박상민 한국소년정책학회 2022 少年保護硏究 Vol.35 No.1

This article was conducted as part of a study to come up with measures to protect and support children and adolescents who do not experience criminal damage by communicating safely online. What especially thought about here is that unlike other problems, it is difficult for children and adolescents to ask their parents for help. Because children and adolescents are exposed to online sexual exploitation damage when chatting and photo transmission, which are mainly online activities in the context of children and adolescents' play culture, are combined with inappropriate sexual conversation or economic consideration. In the case of minor victims, it may be ideal to proceed with the case with the help of a legal representative, but in the process of collecting evidence from the Sunflower Center, which integrates sexual violence, children and adolescents give up or refuse to report the damage. However, if children and adolescents give up reporting and support due to parental reprimand, disappointment, and fear of anger, the perpetrator is likely to try the next crime more boldly without punishment, and the victim will not receive timely and appropriate help, so the pain and damage will continue. It is necessary to discuss ways to prevent such a situation and supplement a gap if not notified to a legal representative, as it may infringe on the rights of child and youth victims by unconditionally notifying the legal representative or requiring parental consent. The guardian agent system examines remedies for infringement of the rights of victims and adolescents, and should not conflict with the rights of victims to be protected in the sexual violence reporting process, and measures to guarantee the rights of victims and adolescents should be widely discussed through discussions on revision of related laws. One of them is the improvement of Article 13 of the National Police Agency's Criminal Investigation Rules, which requires notification of the progress of the investigation to legal representatives or counselors at victim support institutions, in consideration of decision-making ability. In addition, those in charge of the case, including front-line judicial police officers, need to understand and recognize that informing parents of their reports of sexual violence without the consent of the victim children and adolescents can violate the rights of the victim. Under this awareness, this article first examined the route and damage patterns of children and adolescents induced by online sexual exploitation, and sought ways to improve related laws and systems by pointing out factors that are difficult to respond to and recover from damage, but in particular, it was overlooked in previous studies. In addition, the article was concluded with suggestions on the assignment of coping with and preventing online sexual exploitation of children and adolescents.

초기 청소년기 다중폭력피해자의 자살시도에 관한 연구: 심리적 불안의 매개효과를 중심으로

김준범(Kim, Joon­Beom),최윤희(Choi, Yoon­Hee) 한국피해자학회 2018 被害者學硏究 Vol.26 No.1

The concept of poly-victimization of early adolescents has been an important topic of research. This study aims to investigate the early adolescents’ exposure to various types of violence in families, schools and communities. In addition, the study examines the mediating effects of psychological distress on the relationship between poly-victimization and suicide attempts of early adolescents. Cross-sectional data from 6,321 adolescents were obtained by National Youth Policy Institute in 2013. Frequency analysis, descriptive statistics, and logistic regression analysis were conducted utilizing Stata 13.0. The findings of this study are as follows. First, 178 adolescents(5.8%) were revealed to be poly-victims, and all types of violence, crime and abuse except bullying at school had a significant impact on them. Second, 31.2% of poly-victimized group attempted suicide, whereas only 1.9% of non-victimized group, and 9.0% of less victimized group attempted suicide. This demonstrates that the suicidal problem is significant among poly-victimized adolescents. Third, psychological distress had a mediating effect between poly-victimization and suicidal attempts. Based on the results, the roles of poly-victims, homes, school, and communities are suggested. Intervention strategies to address poly-victimized adolescents’ suicidal attempts are discussed as well.

중복피해 관점에서의 청소년기 폭력피해 경험과 성피해 경험과의 연관성

김보아(Boa Kim),정혜주(Haejoo Chung) 한국보건사회학회 2021 보건과 사회과학 Vol.- No.56

본 연구의 목적은 청소년기의 폭력피해 경험과 성피해 경험과의 연관성을 알아보고, 사회적 보호요인의 조절효과를 검증하는 데 있다. 본 연구는 2018년 여성가족부에서 실시한‘청소년 매체이용 및유해환경 실태조사’에서 수집된 데이터를 활용하여 전국의 초등학교 4학년부터 고등학교 3학년까지의청소년 15,657명을 대상으로 조사하였다. 주요 연구 결과는 첫째, 조사대상자 중 2.65%(411명)가성피해 경험이 있다고 응답하였다. 둘째, 폭력피해 경험이 있는 청소년들은 성피해 노출에 대한 위험이 더욱 높았다. 이는 한 유형의 폭력에 노출되면 다른 유형의 폭력과 피해에 더 취약해질 수 있는중복피해(poly-victimization)와 맥락을 같이한다. 셋째, 폭력피해와 성피해와의 관계에서 사회적 보호요인의 조절효과로는 또래 보호요인만 유의한 영향을 미치는 것을 알 수 있었는데, 그 영향은 오히려 부정적인 방향으로 발현되고 있음을 확인하였다. 이러한 결과를 통해 이미 폭력과 같은 부정적인경험으로부터 청소년을 보호하고, 이미 노출된 아이들에 대해서도 적극적인 개입이 필요함을 시사한다. 또한 나쁜 또래관계의 질이 피해에 영향을 미칠 수 있기 때문에 학생들의 또래관계의 질 관리 및향상에 대한 연구가 필요함을 시사한다 The purpose of this study is to find out the relationship between the violence victimization and sexual victimization in adolescence, and to verify the moderating effect of social protective factors. This study surveyed 15,657 adolescents from the fourth grade of elementary school to the third grade of high school nationwide using data collected from the ’A survey on the utilization on youth media and the status of the harmful environment‘ conducted by the Ministry of Gender Equality and Family in 2018. The main findings of the study were: First, 2.65% (411 persons) of the survey subjects answered that they had sexual victimization. Second, adolescents with violence victimization were at higher risk of exposure to sexual victimization. This is in line with poly-victimization, where exposure to one type of violence can make you more vulnerable to other types of violence victimization. Third, in the relationship between violence and sexual victimization, it was found that only peer protective factors had a significant effect on the moderating effect of social protective factors, but it was confirmed that the effects were expressed in a rather negative direction. These results suggest that adolescents should be protected from negative experiences such as violence, and active intervention is necessary for children who have already been exposed. In addition, since the quality of bad peer relations can affect damage, it suggests that research on the quality management and improvement of students peer relations is necessary.

청소년성보호법상 ‘대상’ 아동·청소년을 ‘피해’ 아동·청소년으로 변경하는 입법안에 대한 비판적 고찰

박찬걸 ( Park Chan-keol ) 한국소년정책학회 2017 少年保護硏究 Vol.30 No.4

As prostitution targeting children·adolescents who are in the phase when sexual values are being established has a high probability to make them have negative values of sex after growth or hinder their normal social life, the state and society are in duty to protect them more legally·institutionally. Especially, in the present reality that children·adolescents lacking in cognitive abilityㆍjudging abilityㆍdefense ability as compared to the adults are easily exposed to the risk of prostitution in the negative environment such as spread of internet and smart phone, sexual prematurity of adolescents, expansion of the trend of sexual openness etc., appropriateness to minimize wrongdoing of wrongdoing children·adolescents and maximize their damage can be created. Thus, the state and local governments are showing legislative movement to protect victimized children·adolescents faithfully from sex crimes and enable them to grown into healthy social members by abolishing regulations to place children·adolescents on protective disposition by including ‘children·adolescents’ who are the opposite party of prostitution as ‘victimized children·adolescents’ not as perpetrators, and establishing support centers for specialized and systematic support for victimized children·adolescents. The below will point out problems after examining the background and main contents of such legislation bill, and finish discussion by suggesting a measure to raise the age of statutory rape and give prominence to the damage of wrongdoing children·adolescents as a rational application plan of the concept of wrongdoing children·adolescents as alternatives.

다문화 청소년의 집단괴롭힘 피해 발달궤적과 그 영향요인에 관한 연구

전혜원,차유정,장현석 대한범죄학회 2023 한국범죄학 Vol.17 No.2

This study aimed to investigate how the patterns of peer victimization among multicultural adolescents change over time by conducting a developmental trajectory analysis. The study divided groups based on developmental trajectories and examined significant variables that influence each group. The theoretical background of this research explored factors related to developmental and cultural adaptation processes as potential influences on peer victimization among multicultural adolescents, referencing relevant prior studies. Using the second to sixth year data from the Multicultural Adolescent Panel provided by the Korea Youth Policy Institute, the study derived developmental trajectories based on experiences of peer victimization. The results categorized the developmental trajectories of peer victimization into three groups: non-victims, decreasing victims, and high victims. Fixed variables such as student gender and parental education level, which do not change over time, were found to have insignificant influences. Additionally, investigating the impact of changing independent variables over time on the developmental trajectories of peer victimization revealed that friend support emerged as the most significant factor. Furthermore, the study identified that cultural adaptation stress and school adjustment also significantly influence the decreasing victim and high victim groups, indicating meaningful effects. 본 연구는 다문화 청소년의 집단괴롭힘 피해 양상이 시간이 지남에 따라 어떻게 변하는지 조사하기 위해 발달궤적 분석을 통해 집단을 나누고 집단별로 유의미한 영향을 미치는 변수들을 살펴보고자 하였다. 다문화 청소년의 집단괴롭힘 피해에 영향을 주는 요인으로 성장과정 요인과 문화적응 요인들을 이론적 배경으로 조사하였고 관련 선행연구를 소개하였다. 본 연구는 한국청소년정책연구원이 제공하는 다문화 청소년 패널데이터 중 2차년도부터 6차년도의 집단괴롭힘 피해 여부를 사용하여 발달궤적을 도출해 내었다. 연구 결과, 집단괴롭힘 피해 여부의발달궤적에 따른 집단은 무피해형, 피해감소형, 고피해형의 총 세 집단으로 나누어졌고 시간의 흐름에 상관없이 변하지 않는 고정변수인 학생 성별과 부모의 학력은 유의미한 영향력을 끼치지 못하는것으로 나타났다. 또한, 시간에 따른 독립변수의 변화가 집단괴롭힘 피해 발달궤적에 어떠한 영향을주는지 살펴본 결과, 친구 지지가 가장 유의미한 영향을 미치는 요인으로 확인되었고, 이외에도 문화적응 스트레스, 학교 적응도가 피해를 한 번이라도 당하는 유형인 피해감소형과 고피해형에 유의미한영향을 미치는 결과를 나타내는 것을 확인할 수 있었다.