조선 중종대 加德島倭變과 鎭堡의 설치

정영현 부경역사연구소 2013 지역과 역사 Vol.- No.32

In January 1508 when Joseon Dynasty was entering into friendly relations with Japan by opening Sampo, nine Korean people were murdered by some Japanese in Gadeok Island. This case is called the ‘Japanese Pirate Raid on Gadeok Island.’It is presumed that the armed Japanese smugglers around Jepo were blamed for the raid. They can be defined as ‘Japanese pirate’, judging from their behavior pattern of doing illegal activities, such as smuggling trades, poaching, ravening and even murdering, in the places to evade the law of both states. They, descendants of ‘the former Japanese Pirate’ pervaded on Korean Peninsula in the late Goryeo Dynasty, worked in the way of smuggling in the Sampo period. And it can be said that they were a form of the marine people in the piratical circumstance. This feature was simply not limited to those who had the habit of doing the piracy, but was attributed to both the Japanese in Sampo and the batch Joseon called ‘Waein’. With the Japanese Pirate Raid on Gadeok Island and the series of subsequent raids, the government of Joseon Dynasty was convinced of the military importance in Gadeok Island. Immediately after that, through 30 years of discussion, Gadeok-jin (Gadeok fortress) and Cheonseong-bo(Cheonseong base) were established. They played their strategically important part.

초국적 이중 언어작가 김용익의 본향 통영: 「밤배」와 「밀수선」을 중심으로

손병용(Byungyong Son) 한국동서비교문학학회 2020 동서 비교문학저널 Vol.0 No.54

Kim, Yong Ik can be distinguished among Korean American writers. He wrote his short stories in English in the U.S. and then he “recreated” his Korean versions for Korean readers. In addition, he led his creative activity for a long time compared with the first generation of Korean American writers. In his works, many motives and backgrounds, which are rich in local color especially of Tongyeong, are described to express his nostalgia and the consciousness of homeland. He was not entangled with the different culture of the U.S. Instead, he represented his early memories of that local area such as Tongyeong harbor, its bay, and its people in his stories. Particularly, his hometown often commented as Yangsan Village is described as typical cottage of farming area in Korea. The image of that evokes his longing for his homeland and reunion with his own flesh and blood. I tried to investigate Kim’s consciousness of homeland in “From Here You Can See The Moon,” and “Smuggler’s Boat” The protagonists of the two novels, Cho Sang Man and Sang Chun, have many similarity. They are heading for their hometown and surrounded with various home folks. For Sang Man, reunion with his father means a reconciliation with him. Sang Chun does not arrived at his grandparents’s yet, but he is looking forward to meeting his Big Cousin again. Kim’s own life and wish are reflected in these stories.

김용익 소설에 나타난 기억의 장소: 「촛불이 꺼질 때까지」, 「밀수선」, 행복한 나날을 중심으로

손병용(Byungyong Son) 한국동서비교문학학회 2021 동서 비교문학저널 Vol.- No.58

Yong-ik Kim is one of the most highly esteemed first-generation Korean American novelists. He can be distinguished from the other Korean American writers, such as Youngjill Kang and Richard Kim because of his bilingual works as a full-time writer and local color of Korea especially of Tongyeong, his hometown. Specifically he usually sets up the background of his novels in his early days in a fishing village, Songwaji. Pierre Nora argues that established history cannot inspire oneness any longer with individuals who have fragmented memories. He emphasizes on gathering these memories on tangible and intangible objects as collective memory which can be shared with group members. Kim’s early stories, “Till the Candle Blew Out”, “Smuggler’s Boat” and The Happy Days, are full of the images based on his early day’s reminiscences. The very Korean family relationship, friends, custom, food and even the landscape are so well-organized in the background that they arouse his longing for the homeland which can not be found and shared as the other in the U.S at all. The images of the homeland are well harmonized with its landscape, family, custom and food peculiar to Korea as the site of memories in his early stories to inspire solidity and identity with the group which he aches with longing for.

The Mountain Is High, and the Emperor Is Far Away: States and Smuggling Networks at the Sino-Vietnamese Border

Qingfei Yin 경남대학교 극동문제연구소 2018 ASIAN PERSPECTIVE Vol.42 No.4

The intense and volatile relations between China and Vietnam in the dyadic world of the Cold War have drawn scholarly attention to the strategic concerns of Beijing and Hanoi. In this article I move the level of analysis down to the border space where the peoples of the two countries meet on a daily basis. I examine the tug-of-war between the states and smuggling networks on the Sino-Vietnamese border during the second half of the twentieth century and its implications for the present-day bilateral relationship. I highlight that the existence of the historically nonstate space was a security concern for modernizing states in Asia during and after the Cold War, which is an understudied aspect of China’s relations with Vietnam and with its Asian neighbors more broadly. The border issue between China and its Asian neighbors concerned not only territorial disputes and demarcation but also the establishment of state authoriy in marginal societies.

특집논문 1 : 전남지역 한인의 강제연행과 귀환 ; 1940년대 전남지역 한인의 강제연행과 귀환 -구술을 통해 본 귀환생존자의 사례를 중심으로-

여성구 ( Sung Goo Yeo ) 호남사학회(구-전남사학회) 2004 역사학연구 Vol.22 No.-

귀국 해난사고를 통해 본 강제동원과 귀환

鄭愛英(Jeong Ae-Young) 한일민족문제학회 2010 한일민족문제연구 Vol.19 No.-

This paper aims to examine the sea accidents which occurred to Koreans who were returning to Korea from Japan shortly after the liberation of Korea and the victims' remains which were collected after the accidents. This work will partly contribute to clarifying certain facts about forced mobilization of Koreans and raising the issues about their returns. Those sea accidents frequently happened especially in September and October, 1945, because of bad weather conditions and overloading as well as the poor transport system. I focused on the damage to individual returnees whose aspects was not explored enough in the previous studies through an exemplary accident and conducted further research about the transport conditions of private ships where the Koreans embarked which caused the accidents in the process of returning and the movements about the remains of victims. While I try to specify the remains of returnees' who had worked in the Mitsubishi Corporation in Hiroshima and disappeared in the sea accidents as a representative example, I analysed the situation about returns of the forcedly mobilized Koreans. By doing that, I confirmed a number of cases of big accidents and castaways in Iki, Tsushima waters, mostly caused by typhoons in the poor transport conditions and the lack of salvage system and emergent aid system. So called 'Konjoin remains' and 'Odayama Memorial remains' which were collected from the accidents are the symbol of sea accidents of Korean returnees and their damage. Seeing the return process of laborers of Mitsubishi Corporation in Hiroshima, more than 50% of Korean laborers returned individually, which means that their return process was put in extreme chaos. The fact they had to return individually was deeply related with the smuggling network that had worked before war. While 'Notice on Imported Laborers' provided that Japanese should lead their return to Busan, it was ignored and not executed in the field. Lack of policies on Korean returnees and aid system caused large-scale accidents. For example, a few rejections of the landings at the island by administrators of Iki were the reason of big accidents. Research about 241 returnees from Hiroshima to Korea can be considered to be the beginning of studies on sea accidents where Korean returnees were victimized, having historical meanings in that it reveals some issues like Korean victims of atomic bombs and mobilization of Koreans during war. In conclusion, I think that laborers of Mitsubishi were likely to be victimized in Tsushima accident that occurred at Makurazaki Typhoon, September 17, 1945 and Iki bay accident. My assumption is that their remains are related with 45 bodies collected from Tsushima and kept in Konjoin and about 130 bodies put under the Iki Memorial. 本稿は解放直後日本から朝鮮への引き上げ途中多発した朝鮮人引揚者海難事故中の一つの事件と実際海難事故で漂着された死体の遺骨との相関関係を明らかにし、それを通して強制動員と帰還被害の一端を把握するのを目的とする.特に日本の敗戦と占領の混乱の中朝鮮への帰還輸送体系が不備だった9月10月に気象悪化、劣悪な輸送船、過積などの理由から多発した帰還海難事故の事例を発掘し、従来の帰還研究で研究されてこなかった'個別帰還による帰還被害'に焦点をあて民間帰還船の輸送実体及び帰還朝鮮人遭難事故とその遺骨をめぐる運動を中心に考察した。それとともに朝鮮人海難事故の代表的な事例である広島三菱重工帰還失踪事件と関連遺骨の特定を通して強制動員の帰還実体を分析した。調査結果帰還輸送体系と引揚援護対策の不備の中帰還民が殺到した9、10月に台風などによる民間船大型遭難が相次ぎ壱岐·対馬海域を中心に多数の漂着事例を確認することができた。この海域で収拾されたいわば ｢金乗院遺骨｣, ｢小田山慰霊碑遺骨｣は朝鮮人帰還海難事故を雄弁するもので朝鮮人帰還被害を象徴している。広島三菱強制動員労務者の帰還実体をみると、帰還者の半分以上が個別帰還であったことから極度に混乱状態であった帰還の状況がわかる。このように頻繁な個別帰還には戦前から動いていた密航ネットワークとの関連も深いものといえる。このような帰還現場では ｢移入労働者に関する通達｣は全く履行されず、また壱岐での何回かの上陸拒否が大型遭難への結び付いたいった点などから日本の朝鮮人強制動員帰還対策、援護対策の不備が大規模の海難被害を量産したともいえる.結論的に三菱徴用工事件と関連して相関関係の高いものと思われるのは枕崎台風時の対馬東海岸遭難と壱岐葦辺湾遭難で ｢金乗院遺骨｣と相関関係が高いと推定される。