Study on Intracellular Zinc Uptake According to Zinc-ligand

Shim, Boo-Im,Kim, Ki-Nam,Kim, Yu-Ri,Lee, Seung-Ho,Lee, Seung-Min,Park, Myung-Gyu,Kim, Meyoung-Kon The Korean Society of Toxicogenomics and Toxicopro 2007 Molecular & cellular toxicology Vol.3 No.4

Zinc plays indispensable roles in metabolism, including cell growth, apoptosis, proliferation and differentiation. Kidneys are target organs for various regulators of mineral metabolism, and play a key role in zinc balance. To investigate the zinc uptake efficiency, we examined the zinc uptake and accumulation level in vivo and in vitro study. Plasma zinc concentration was peaked out at 1 hr after oral zinc administration. The renal zinc level was peaked out at 12 hr after oral zinc administration, and it was the highest in 40 mg/kg Zn-Asp administrated group in comparison with other groups. In addition, the m-RNA expression level of zinc transporter-1 (ZnT-1), zinc transporter-2 (ZnT-2) and high-affinity L-aspartate transporter (EAAT-3) in Zn-Asp administered group were increased compared with control groups and $ZnSO_4$ group. In order to investigate the intracellular zinc uptake mechanism, we performed the in vitro study by using human embryonic kidney cell line, HEK 293. Intracellular zinc level was peaked out at 3 hr after zinc treatment. In the same way, the mRNA expression level of ZnT-1 and EAAT-3 were increased compared with control group. This study showed that Zn-Asp is effective the zinc uptake into the kidney by increasing the zinc transporter expression.

The Efficiency of Zinc-Aspartate Complex on Zinc Uptake in Plasma and Different Organs in Normal SD Rats

Kim, Yu-Ri,Kim, Ki-Nam,Shim, Boo-Im,Lee, Seung-Min,Kim, In-Kyoung,Sohn, Sung-Hwa,Park, Myung-Gyu,Park, Hong-Suk,Kim, Meyoung-Kon The Korean Society of Toxicogenomics and Toxicopro 2007 Molecular & cellular toxicology Vol.3 No.2

Zinc is essential metal and plays a role in a wide variety of physiological and biochemical processes. Prostate gland contains high level of zinc, generally 3-10 folds higher than other organs. Prostatic zinc uptake is resulted from the existence of zinc transporter (ZnT) protein families in membrane. In this study, we investigated the difference of zinc uptake efficiency of zinc-aspartate complex (Zn-Asp) into various organs compared with $ZnSO_4$. We observed that Plasma zinc concentration in both $ZnSO_4$ and Zn-Asp administrated group was increased progressively following administration, and reached a peak level at 2 hr. The increasing pattern of zinc concentration was similar to each groups, however the zinc concentration of Zn-Asp administrated group was higher than that of $ZnSO_4$ administrated group. We found that prostatic zinc level of Zn-Asp administrated group was higher than $ZnSO_4$ administrated group, and was increased approximately $\sim$2.7 fold and $\sim$4.2 fold at 4 and 8 hr after administration. From these observations, we suggest than Zn-Asp has high uptake efficiency of zinc into the prostate gland. Therefore, Zn-Asp is potentially useful treatment of many prostatic diseases.

Indomethacin preconditioning induces ischemic tolerance by modifying zinc availability in the brain

Lee, J.Y.,Oh, S.B.,Hwang, J.J.,Suh, N.,Jo, D.G.,Kim, J.S.,Koh, J.Y. Blackwell Science ; Academic Press 2015 Neurobiology of disease Vol.81 No.-

Intracellular zinc overload causes neuronal injury during the course of neurological disorders, whereas mild levels of zinc are beneficial to neurons. Previous reports indicated that non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, including indomethacin and aspirin, can reduce the risk of ischemic stroke. This study found that chronic pretreatment of rats with indomethacin, a non-selective cyclooxygenase inhibitor, provided tolerance to ischemic injuries in an animal model of stroke by eliciting moderate zinc elevation in neurons. Consecutive intraperitoneal injection of indomethacin (3mg/kg/day for 28days) led to modest increases in intraneuronal zinc as well as synaptic zinc content, with no significant stimulation of neuronal death. Furthermore, indomethacin induced the expressions of intracellular zinc homeostatic and neuroprotective proteins, rendering the brain resistant against ischemic damages and improving neurological outcomes. However, administration of a zinc-chelator, N,N,N',N'-tetra(2-picolyl)ethylenediamine (TPEN; 15mg/kg/day), immediately after indomethacin administration eliminated the beneficial actions of the drug. Therefore, indomethacin preconditioning can modulate intracellular zinc availability, contributing to ischemic tolerance in the brain after stroke.

고지방식이 유도 비만 마우스에서 아연 보충이 골격 근육의 아연 수송체 ZIP7 수준과 혈당 조절에 미치는 영향

주치앤징(Qianjing Zhu),정자용(Jayong Chung) 한국영양학회 2021 Journal of Nutrition and Health Vol.54 No.6

본 연구는 고지방식이로 유도한 비만 동물모델에서 아연의 식이를 통한 보충 급여가 혈당 조절과 골격 근육의 ZIP7의 작용에 미치는 영향에 대해 살펴보았다. 고지방식이를 공급한 HF군은 정상 대조군에 비하여 단위 체중당 골격 근육 무게가 유의하게 감소하였으며, 혈당은 유의적으로 증가하였다. 고지방식이와 함께 아연을 보충 공급한 HF+Zn군은 아연을 보충하지 않은 HF군과 비교하여, 공복 혈당과 경구 포도당 부하 후 혈당 증가 면적이 유의하게 감소하였다. 또한, HF+Zn군은 HF군에 비해 골격 근육의 ZIP7 단백질 수준이 유의하게 증가하였으며, AKT 활성과 GLUT4 단백질 수준도 유의하게 증가하는 것으로 나타났다. 이상의 결과를 종합해 볼 때, 아연 보충은 비만으로 인한 고혈당 증세를 완화하는 효과를 나타내며, 이는 골격 근육에서의 ZIP7 아연 수송체에 의한 당 대사 조절과 관련이 있을 것으로 생각된다. Purpose: The zinc transporter ZIP7 is known to regulate glucose metabolism in skeletal muscles, and skeletal muscles are known to play a critical role in glycemic control. The present study examines the effects of dietary zinc supplementation on the blood glucose concentration and expression of ZIP7 in skeletal muscle obtained from obese mice fed a high-fat diet (HF). Methods: C57BL/6J male mice were divided into three groups and were administered either a HF (60% of total calories from fat), HF supplemented with zinc (HF+Zn, 60% calories from fat + 300 mg zinc/kg diet), or low-fat diet (CON, 10% calories from fat), for 15 weeks. Results: Compared to CON group mice, the final body weights and adipose tissue weights were significantly increased, while the skeletal muscle weights were significantly decreased in mice belonging to the HF and HF+Zn groups. The HF+Zn group had significantly lower levels of fasting blood glucose concentrations than the HF group. Similarly, zinc supplementation significantly decreased the HF-elevated area under the curve values obtained from the oral glucose tolerance test. Skeletal muscle protein levels of ZIP7 in samples obtained from the HF group were significantly decreased as compared to the CON group. Conversely, the skeletal ZIP7 protein levels in the HF+Zn group were significantly increased as compared to the HF group. Moreover, the protein levels of phosphorylated-AKT and glucose transporter 4 in the skeletal muscle were significantly increased subsequent to zinc supplementation. Conclusion: Our data demonstrates that zinc supplementation up-regulates the skeletal muscle ZIP7 expression, which is associated with improved glucose tolerance in the obesity.

<i>ZnT3</i> Gene Deletion Reduces Colchicine-Induced Dentate Granule Cell Degeneration

Choi, Bo Young,Hong, Dae Ki,Suh, Sang Won MDPI AG 2017 INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES Vol.18 No.10

<P>Our previous study demonstrated that colchicine-induced dentate granule cell death is caused by blocking axonal flow and the accumulation of intracellular zinc. Zinc is concentrated in the synaptic vesicles via zinc transporter 3 (<I>ZnT3</I>), which facilitates zinc transport from the cytosol into the synaptic vesicles. The aim of the present study was to identify the role of <I>ZnT3</I> gene deletion on colchicine-induced dentate granule cell death. The present study used young (3–5 months) mice of the wild-type (WT) or the <I>ZnT3</I><SUP>−/−</SUP> genotype. Colchicine (10 µg/kg) was injected into the hippocampus, and then brain sections were evaluated 12 or 24 h later. Cell death was evaluated by Fluoro-Jade B; oxidative stress was analyzed by 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal; and dendritic damage was detected by microtubule-associated protein 2. Zinc accumulation was detected by <I>N</I>-(6-methoxy-8-quinolyl)-para-toluenesulfonamide (TSQ) staining. Here, we found that <I>ZnT3</I><SUP>−/−</SUP> reduced the number of degenerating cells after colchicine injection. The <I>ZnT3</I><SUP>−/−</SUP>-mediated inhibition of cell death was accompanied by suppression of oxidative injury, dendritic damage and zinc accumulation. In addition, <I>ZnT3</I><SUP>−/−</SUP> mice showed more glutathione content than WT mice and inhibited neuronal glutathione depletion by colchicine. These findings suggest that increased neuronal glutathione by <I>ZnT3</I> gene deletion prevents colchicine-induced dentate granule cell death.</P>

Scaling the water cluster size of Nafion membranes for a high performance Zn/Br redox flow battery

Kim, Riyul,Yuk, Seongmin,Lee, Ju-Hyuk,Choi, Chanyong,Kim, Soohyun,Heo, Jiyun,Kim, Hee-Tak Elsevier 2018 Journal of membrane science Vol.564 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>Due to their preferential cation transport, dense cation exchange membranes like Nafion membranes are unsuitable for Zn/Br redox flow batteries which require bi-ionic transport of Zn<SUP>2+</SUP> and Br<SUP>-</SUP> ions. This work shows that scaling the water cluster size of Nafion membranes by a pre-hydration treatment can achieve not only a high ionic conductivity but also a bi-ionic transport property. Small angle X-Ray scattering, diffusion cell, and electrochemical analysis verify that by increasing the pre-hydration temperature, the water clusters are expanded, resulting in an increase of water uptake, ionic conductivity and the anion transference number. The bi-ionic transport and low area specific resistance induced by the pretreatment enable the successful operation of a Zn/Br redox flow battery with a NRE-212 membrane. Compared with a conventional porous membrane, the properly treated Nafion membrane has an 11.3% higher energy efficiency indicating that the dense structured ion exchange membrane can be used for Zn/Br flow batteries by scaling the water cluster size.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> Appropriate pre-hydration treatment can scale the water cluster of Nafion. </LI> <LI> The expanded water cluster achieves higher ionic conductivity and bi-ionic transport. </LI> <LI> The properly pre-treated Nafion can outperform the conventional porous membrane. </LI> </UL> </P> <P><B>Graphical abstract</B></P> <P>[DISPLAY OMISSION]</P>

Charge Transport at High Temperatures in Solution-processed Zinc-tin-oxide Thin-film Transistors

유경민,배병성,정명희,윤의중 한국물리학회 2014 THE JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSICAL SOCIETY Vol.65 No.2

We report charge transport studies at temperatures in the range of 303 − 402 K for solutiondepositedamorphous zinc-tin-oxide (a-ZTO) thin-film transistors (TFTs) operating in the subthresholdregion. The developed TFTs, which had a non-patterned bottom gate and top contactstructure, employed a heavily-doped Si wafer and a SiO2 as a gate electrode and a gate insulatorlayer, respectively. In a-ZTO, the trap activation energy (ETAC) was estimated using the Maxwell-Boltzmann approximation. The decreasing ETAC with increasing gate-voltage-induced sheet carrierdensity (ns) in the a-ZTO channel can be understood as being due to a shift of the Fermi level(EF ) toward the conduction band edge (EC) with increasing gate voltage. Samples with low ns,which exhibited thermally-activated behavior, revealed multiple trap and release phenomena. Insamples with high ns, on the other hand, we observed decreasing mobility/conductivity with increasingtemperature at temperatures higher than 348 K. This suggests that the ETAC can drop tozero, implying a shift of EF beyond EC, where the crossover from the thermal activation to bandtransport is observed. The temperature-dependent characteristics also revealed that the density ofsubgap trap states at EF exhibited thermally-activated behavior with an activation energy of 0.7eV, suggesting that subgap trap states existed near 0.7 eV below the EC.

PVC based polyvinyl alcohol zinc oxide composite membrane: Synthesis and electrochemical characterization for heavy metal ions

Mohammad Mujahid Ali Khan,Rafiuddin,Inamuddin 한국공업화학회 2013 Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Vol.19 No.4

The polyvinyl chloride (PVC) based polyvinyl alcohol zinc oxide composite membrane was successfully prepared by solution casting technique. Membrane properties were studied in terms of water uptake,porosity, thickness, ion-exchange capacity and swelling. The physico-chemical characterization of the material was studied using Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, thermogravimetry analysis (TGA), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) studies. The important application of this composite ion-exchange membrane is in environmental separation of heavy metal ions transport. The increasing order of transport number of cation as HgCl2 < PbCl2 < CdCl2.

Roles of Zinc-responsive Transcription Factor Csr1 in Filamentous Growth of the Pathogenic Yeast Candida albicans

( Min Jeong Kim ),( Min Kwang Kil ),( Jong Hwan Jung ),( Jin Mi Kim ) 한국미생물 · 생명공학회 2008 Journal of microbiology and biotechnology Vol.18 No.2

Expression Profile Analysis of Zinc Transporters (ZIP4, ZIP9, ZIP11, ZnT9) in Gliomas and their Correlation with IDH1 Mutation Status

Kang, Xing,Chen, Rong,Zhang, Jie,Li, Gang,Dai, Peng-Gao,Chen, Chao,Wang, Hui-Juan Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2015 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.16 No.8

Background: Zinc transporters have been considered as essential regulators in many cancers; however, their mechanisms remain unknown, especially in gliomas. Isocitrate dehydrogenase 1(IDH1) mutation is crucial to glioma. This study aimed to investigate whether zinc transporters are correlated with glioma grade and IDH1 mutation status. Materials and Methods: IDH1 mutation status and mRNA expression of four zinc transporters (ZIP4, ZIP9, ZIP11, and ZnT9) were determined by subjecting a panel of 74 glioma tissue samples to quantitative real-time PCR and pyrosequencing. The correlations between the expression levels of these zinc transporter genes and the grade of glioma, as well as IDH1 mutation status, were investigated. Results: Among the four zinc transporter genes, high ZIP4 expression and low ZIP11 expression were significantly associated with higher grade (grades III and IV) tumors compared with lower grade (grades I and II) counterparts (p<0.0001). However, only ZIP11 exhibited weak correlation with IDH1 mutation status (p=0.045). Samples with mutations in IDH1 displayed higher ZIP11 expression than those without IDH1 mutations. Conclusions: This finding indicated that zinc transporters may interact with IDH1 mutation by direct modulation or action in some shared pathways or genes to promote the development of glioma. Zinc transporters may play an important role in glioma. ZIP4 and ZIP11 are promising molecular diagnostic markers and novel therapeutic targets. Nevertheless, the detailed biological function of zinc transporters and the mechanism of the potential interaction between ZIP11 and IDH1 mutation in gliomagenesis should be further investigated.