Eco-friendly Grafting of Chitosan as a Biopolymer onto Wool Fabrics Using Horseradish Peroxidase

Lingling Xu,Nan Zhang,Qiang Wang,Jiugang Yuan,Yuanyuan Yu,Ping Wang,Xuerong Fan 한국섬유공학회 2019 Fibers and polymers Vol.20 No.2

Chitosan and enzymes have been extensively used in modification of wool, due to their non-toxic and eco-friendly characteristics, as well as to reduce pollution in textile production. In the present work, chitosan was grafted onto wool fabrics using horseradish peroxidase (HRP) in order to endow wool with outstanding properties. The reaction mechanism, grafting percentage, and properties of chitosan-grafted pretreated wool fabric including wettability, dyeability, shrink resistance, and antibacterial activity were studied. P-hydroxyphenylacetamide (PHAD), as a model compound for tyrosine residues in wool,was used to study the mechanism of HRP-mediated grafting of chitosan onto wool. UV and FTIR analyses indicated that quinones, which are intermediate of HRP/H2O2-catalyzed PHAD, reacted with the amino groups of chitosan by Schiff base or Michael addition reactions. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) showed that dichloroisocyanuric acid pretreatment had an etching effect and some substances were deposited onto the wool fiber. SEM and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy further confirmed the covalent grafting of chitosan onto wool. Compared with chitosan-grafted unpretreatedwool, there was an obvious improvement in grafting efficiency of chitosan onto wool fabric, physical and mechanical properties after pretreatment and chitosan grafting on the wool. For chitosan-grafted pretreated wool fabrics, there was no observable change in the thermal behavior, while the hydrophilicity, dyeability, shrinkage resistance, and antibacterial activity were remarkably improved compared to that of untreated wool. The present work offers a new ecologically acceptable process of grafting chitosan on the wool.

포름산에서 고온 및 초음파 처리가 양모의 스케일 제거와 섬유분할화에 주는 영향

배창현,김미경,최우혁,엄인철,Bae, Chang Hyun,Kim, Mi Kyung,Choi, Woo Hyuk,Um, In Chul 한국섬유공학회 2012 한국섬유공학회지 Vol.49 No.3

In this study, normal and dichlorodicyanuric acid (DCCA)-treated wool slivers and yarns were immersed in a formic acid solution at elevated temperatures as a pre-treatment in order to accelerate the scale removal and fiber splitting of wool by ultrasonication and the effect of pre-treatment on the morphology and fiber splitting of wools was investigated. As the formic acid concentration, the treatment temperature, and the treatment time increased, the scale removal on wool fiber increased, however, the occurrence of felting and yellowing regarding wool fiber also increased indicating that the treatment with 50% formic acid at $100^{\circ}C$ for 3 hours was the optimum pre-treatment condition for wool fiber. The SEM observation revealed that the formic acid treatment on wool at $100^{\circ}C$ followed by ultrasonication was the effective tool in order to produce split fibers for both normal and DCCA-treated wool. The comparative study of sliver and yarn revealed that ultrasonication could lead to the fiber splitting of wool sliver whereas it could not result in that of wool yarn. On the other hand, formic acid treatment at $100^{\circ}C$ resulted in fiber splitting for both wool sliver and yarn.

A Facile and Controllable Approach for Surface Modification of Wool by Micro-dissolution

Yiyi Zhang,Nan Zhang,Qiang Wang,Yuanyuan Yu,Ping Wang,Jiugang Yuan 한국섬유공학회 2020 Fibers and polymers Vol.21 No.6

Most modifications of wool focused on its surface due to the existence of the cuticle scales. For instance,chlorination, oxidation and protease treatments were used to break down or remove the scales. However, these modificationsusually severely damaged the internal structure of wool. In this paper, a novel approach based on surface micro-dissolutionwas employed to modify the surface of wool to minimize the internal damage of wool, and improve the surface-relatedproperties of wool. The micro-dissolution system used NaHSO3/urea to dissolve the scale layer of wool. After being microdissolvedwith NaHSO3/urea system, scanning electron microscope (SEM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS),fluorescence microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and the Allwörden reaction were utilized tocharacterize the treated wool. Furthermore, felting shrinkage, strength loss and wettability of the treated wool weredetermined. The results showed that NaHSO3/urea system could dissolve the scale layer from outside to inside. Thefluorescence microscopic images further indicated that low concentration of NaHSO3/urea system can dissolve the surface ofwool without the serious damage of internal structure. Moreover, the micro-dissolution system can be controlled to dissolvethe scale layer on the surface of wool slightly by adjusting the reaction conditions. The presented method is simple, easy tooperate, and economical, thereby can open up new directions for the surface modification of wool.

Wool 기반의 산검출 텍스타일 센서를 위한 Bromocresol Purple의 Halochromic 특성 연구

이예진,고승효,이정진 한국섬유공학회 2022 한국섬유공학회지 Vol.59 No.2

Acid or base compounds in industries as well as acid rain are colorless so that they have difficulty in detecting. In the previous studies, we investigated a nylon chemosensor for detecting acidic liquids. In this study, we attempted to investigate a wool-based textile sensor using bromocresol purple as a pH-indicating dye. Dyeing properties of bromocresol purple on a wool woven fabric were investigated. The pH sensing property was also investigated by dipping the dyed wool fabric in aqueous solution with different pH values. Bromocresol purple in an aqueous solution showed maximum absorption at 432 nm with yellow color at a pH of 2-4, whereas the maximum absorption changed to 589 nm showing violet color at pH 7. Color yields (K/S) of bromocresol purple on wool were highly dependent on the dyebath pH. The wool fabric showed a strong orange color when dyed at pH 2. The color of wool dyed at pH 3-6 was yellowish brown or reddish brown, and the color at pH 7 was grayish blue. The percent exhaustion of bromocresol purple on wool increased as the pH of dyebath decreased, and a high exhaustion value of 98 to 99% could be obtained at pH 2-4. When the yellowish brown sample, dyed at pH 4, was immersed in a solution with a pH range of 4-5, its original color was maintained. Then, the color turned to yelloworange when immersed in a solution of pH 2-3. When immersed in a solution of pH 6, the color of the sample changed into brown. The color was also markedly changed into grayish purple when the sample was dipped in a solution of pH 7-8. The wash fastness of the wool fabric dyed at pH 3-5 was good to very good. The rubbing fastness were excellent, and dry cleaning fastness was very good.

띠장 보강이 없는 그라스울 샌드위치패널 벽체의 내화성능 확보 방안

이종찬(Lee Jong-Chan),이세현(Lee Sea-Hyun),송훈(Song Hoon) 대한건축학회 2007 大韓建築學會論文集 : 構造系 Vol.23 No.11

A glass wool sandwich panel has an excellent incombustibility, so 100㎜ thickness of sandwich panel has got 1hour fire resistance identification. But after the fire resistance test method has been changed, most of glass wool sandwich panels couldn't get 1hour fire resistance identification. As the result of this changed method, the sandwich panel wall needed to reinforce. So nowadays a identified sandwich wall has thicker U-bar, higher glass wool density, and thicker panel thickness than before, involving girth reinforcement. But a sandwich wall reinforcing girth has some problems, which are different construction class between sandwich wall and girth, and no application to the wall without girth. This research studied composition methods of glass wool sandwich panel without girth reinforcement having 1 hour fire resistance and the results were as follows. The glass wool sandwich panel wall composed with 125㎜ thickness of panel, 70㎏/㎥ of glass wool density, 1.6mm of U-bar thickness couldn't get 1 hour fire resistance although joint was reinforced with steel stuffs and ceramic wools. The 150㎜ thick sandwich panel without girth could get 1 hour fire resistance if U-bar thickness was 2.0㎜ and ceramic wool thickness doubled or steel stuffs were reinforced on joints although glass wool density was decreased to 64㎏/㎥. A sandwich panel composed with 150㎜ thickness and 74㎏/㎥ of glass wool density could get 1 hour fire resistance using normal assembly method without girth reinforcement.

고감성 Easycare Wool의 제조 및 특성 연구

한태성,박준호,박상운,전병대,Han Tae Sung,Park Jun Ho,Park Sang Woon,Jeon Byong Dae 한국염색가공학회 2005 韓國染色加工學會誌 Vol.17 No.6

To manufacture hightech easycare wool, there are several methods which use strong oxidising agent or the resin treatment, however, neither are environmentally friendly methods. Moreover it may deteriorate the handle. The aim of this study is to manufacture the hightech easycare wool using the modified Fenton method which can be formed by hydrogen peroxide and ferric sulfate and enzyme treatment. The method was pretreated by ferric sulfate on the wool surface and then the surface of wool scale was selectively removed by ferric ion catalyst. Subsequently the Enchiron which is one of the proteolytic enzymes was treated on the wool surface. The treated wool had the result of having optimum weight loss and excellent whiteness and good handle. Therefore implications of these results suggest that this method using the modified Fenton method and enzyme treatment may be one way of manufacturing the hightech easycare wool.

유기담체인 Peat 및 Rock wool을 사용한 바이오필터에 의한 황화수소(H₂S)의 제거특성

김남진,Kim, Nam-jin 유기성자원학회 2001 유기물자원화 Vol.9 No.3

악취중 황화수소의 생물학적 제거시스템에서 바이오필터의 미생물 담체로 유기담체인 Peat와 Rock wool을 사용하고 미생물원으로 소화 슬러지를 식종했다. 유입 황화수소 농도를 증가시켜 완전히 제거되는 황화수소의 유입 부하를 완전 제거능, 제거를 보여준 최대의 제거량을 최대 제거능으로 정의하였다. 단위 중량 및 단위 체적 기준으로 비교한 완전 제거능 및 최대 제거능은 Peat보다 Rock wool의 결과가 높았다. 동력학적 반응속도 해석에 의한 황화수소의 최대 제거속도($V_m$) 및 포화정수($K_s$)를 이용한 속도해석 결과는 황화수소의 농도가 증가할수록 Rock wool의 반응속도가 빠르게 진전되었다. Two organic materials, peat and rock wool were used for removal of $H_2S$ by a biofilter inoculated with night soil sludge. By gradually increasing the inlet load of $H_2S$, the complete removal capacity, which was defined as the inlet load of $H_2S$ that was complete removed, and the maximum removal capacity of $H_2S$, which was the value when the removal capacity leveled off for organic materials, were estimated. Both values for Rock wool are larger than peat, based on a unit dry weight of material. By using kinetic analysis, the maximum removal rate of $H_2S$, $V_m$, and the saturation constant, $K_s$, were determined for all packing materials and the values of $V_m$ for rock wool was found to be larger. By using the kinetic parameters, the removal rates for $H_2S$ were compared both packing materials, and rock wool showed better performance for the removal of $H_2S$ in the inlet concentration range of 0~200ppm.

양모섬유의 세섬도화 및 물성변화에 관한 연구

배지혜,정재석,박형호,정의경,배진석,Bae, Jihye,Jeong, Jae-Seok,Park, Hyung-Ho,Jeong, Euigyung,Bae, Jin-Seok 한국섬유공학회 2016 한국섬유공학회지 Vol.53 No.3

The fineness of wool fiber is the most important factor in deciding quality. Recently, the demand of fine denier wool has increased but it is relatively expensive because of the manufacturing cost. In this study, a machine, controlling the fineness of wool fibers, was designed and manufactured to prepare fine denier wool. By easily controlling the fineness of wool fiber by elongating the wool sliver, the manufacturing costs of spun yarn can be reduced to eliminate the cost burden of high-quality wool fibers.

Magnetically Recyclable Wool/Fe3O4@TiO2/UiO-66 Core-Shell Structured Composite for Photocatalytic Removal of Methylene Blue, Congo Red, Tetracycline Hydrochloride and Cr(VI) Ions

Chang Tian,Hui Zhang,Pei Chen,Yueyue Song,Jinyuan Zhang 한국섬유공학회 2022 Fibers and polymers Vol.23 No.10

To efficiently remove pollutants such as dyes, antibiotics and heavy metal ions from wastewater without causingsecond polluting, it is imperative and challenging to prepare the omnipotence photocatalysis materials. In this study, wool/Fe3O4@TiO2/UiO-66 composite was prepared by a facile one-step solvothermal method. The morphology, composition,structure, chemical bonding states, magnetism, specific surface area, and optical properties of the resultant composite weresystematically examined. Experiment results suggested that the specific surface area of the wool/Fe3O4@TiO2/UiO-66increased from 370.48 to 465.06 m2/g when wool particles were incorporated into Fe3O4@TiO2/UiO-66. Both the compositesexhibited the superior photocatalytic degradation and reduction capabilities toward cationic methylene blue (MB) and anionicCongo red (CR) dyes, tetracycline hydrochloride (TC-HCl) and Cr(VI) ions under visible lights. For organic dyes and heavymetal ions, the wool/Fe3O4@TiO2/UiO-66 composite behaved much better than the Fe3O4@TiO2/UiO-66 one, however, itwas contrary for TC-HCl. The magnetic wool/Fe3O4 core imparted the composite with the easily recyclable ability because ofthe ferromagnetic and superparamagnetism behaviors of Fe3O4. The TiO2/UiO-66 hybrid shell endowed the photocatalyticproperty of the composite. The wools had a strong adsorption ability toward MB and CR dyes and Cr(VI) ions. The wool/Fe3O4@TiO2/UiO-66 composite possessed good stability and repeatability to MB photodegradation and Cr(VI)photoreduction. The holes and singlet oxygen radicals were the main reactive species, while the superoxide and hydroxylradicals were also involved.

목모-시멘트판의 제조와 응용 연구(Ⅱ)

서정목,김형중 公州大學校工科大學生産技術硏究所 1998 論文集 Vol.6 No.-

Inexpensive and retrofittable insulation materials for existing home and buildings are urgently needed to provide the means of our nation's effort to conserve the energy. In this study our objectives were focused on collecting the data in setting up a manufacturing facilities and in evaluating the properties for the applications of wood-wool cement board. Wood wool from various kinds of wood sources was produced by using a designed wood wool making machine. Also, wood wool-cement boards were made by using various wood wools, cements, and additives. The properties of manufactured wood wool-cement board, such as fire resistance, specific gravity, thermal conductivity, acoustic insulation, and bending strength were evaluated. Considering the product cost and the insulation cost, we strongly believe that the wood wool cement board will be served as a retrofittable insulation materials successfully.