Environmental Ethics Policy in Jepara: Optimization of Handicraft Designs from Wood Waste in the Furniture Industry

Deni SETIAWAN,Arif HIDAYAT,Supriyadi SUPRIYADI,Wahyu LESTARI 한국목재공학회 2023 목재공학 Vol.51 No.5

The amount of wood waste from furniture production is increasing. Wood waste is diverse and ranges from wood-splitting residues to leftovers from furniture production. Wood waste occurs in companies, household-based industries, and other forms of business where waste accumulates; therefore, an environmental and ethical policy is needed. The aim of this study was to identify products created using wood waste and describe government regulations related to environmental policies. We analyzed the management of wood waste for use as a new product so that it is useful, does not become waste, and complies with policies related to environmental ethics. A case study design using qualitative methods was used. This research focused on managing wood waste in Jepara's furniture and crafts industry for the 2010–2021 period, using 23 sources from primary, secondary, and other supporting documents. Data were collected through observation or gathering information related to research needs, conducting closed-door interviews with research sources, documenting data to strengthen research findings, and using online questionnaires to corroborate information related to wood waste management. This article presents wood waste products designed with optimized environmental ethics and awareness of environmental laws in wood-based industries.

폐목재 재활용 디자인 촉진과 법적 개선방안에 관한 연구

안수연 한국퍼실리티매니지먼트학회 2013 한국퍼실리티매니지먼트학회지 Vol.8 No.1

Since 90% of raw material supply in Korea depends on importation, the country has been promoting the production and circulation of products using wood wastes through policy support, which contributed to the reduction of import dependency for raw timber in the wood processing industry. However, wood wastes has been used as the fuel incinerated for energy generation since the Renewable Portfolio Standard (RPS) was put in effect in 2009 that the wood wastes processing industry is currently experiencing difficulties in securing sufficient quantity. Although the wood wastes is an important material that can be turned into a resource, more of it has been incinerated than recycled after RPS was implemented. The wood wastes generation is approximately 40% of annual domestic wood use, and it is necessary to fully reject the incineration of wood wastes and establish a concrete management system for activating the recycling of wood wastes considering the high import dependency for raw timber. Furthermore, it is necessary to provide legal and policy supports to promote recycle design so that wood wastes can be used to produce a variety designed goods for living beyond the level of simply producing pallets and particle boards. The purpose of this study is to promote high value added industries using wood waste, seek for possible policy supports for the recycle design industries which develop resources from wastes, and suggest a legal method of improvement in order to activate the wood waste recycling industry by examining current wood wastes generation and disposal statuses and analyzing domestic and foreign cases of products that were excellently designed using wood waste.

Process for Regulatory Clearance of Wood Waste at KAERI

Han Byeol Kang,Jong Kwang Lee,Tack-Jin Kim 한국방사성폐기물학회 2022 한국방사성폐기물학회 학술논문요약집 Vol.20 No.2

In KAERI, Waste storage facility in the radiation management area has stored a large amount of wood waste. The amount of waste is approximately 27,000 kg, it accounts for 17% of the total waste in waste storage facility. Proper disposal of wood waste improves the fire resistance performance, secure storage space and reduce disposal costs. In order to self-disposal of wood waste, it is necessary to satisfy the self-disposal standards stipulated by the domestic Atomic Energy Act and the treatment standards of the Waste Management Act. The main factors of standards are surface contaminant, radionuclide activity and radiation dose effects. To confirm the contamination of wood waste, direct indirect measurement methods and gamma nuclide analysis were performed. To evaluate radiation dose, various computational programs were used. The results of the analysis were satisfied with domestic regulations on the classification and self-disposal of radioactive wastes. Based on this results, KAERI submitted the report on wood waste self-disposal plan to obtain approval. After final approval, wood waste is to be incinerated and incineration ash is to be buried in the designated place. The objective of this study is to provide total procedure of wood waste self-disposal and effective representative sampling method.

A Study on Separation of Woods from Construction Waste by the Double-cyclone Wind separator and High-precision Near Infrared Analysis System

( Sangkeun Kim ) 한국폐기물자원순환학회(구 한국폐기물학회) 2019 ISSE 초록집 Vol.2019 No.-

Waste wood contained in construction waste would possibly be used as a fuel or recycled material in other industries. The combustible materials including paper, textile, plastic, vinyl or synthetic resins could be used as subsidiary fuel or recycled material. In this study, we focus on developing a technique to classify and separate the combustible wastes(especially, woods) from the mixed construction and demolition (C&D) waste. Two systems are considered. The first one is composed of 1) cistern and airdrying separator to classify large sized combustible waste 2) rake-brush type separator to classify small sized combustible waste and 3) NIR method to separate wood waste. The second one is conducted under the dried condition and is composed of 1) Jaw & impact crusher to crash waste and 2) 2 stage-seperator & NIR method to maximize the efficiency of combustible waste separation. The NIR (Near Infrared) is part of the infrared range in the electromagnetic radiation spectrum, with wavelength limits at 0.8 and 2.5 μm. A large number of substances exhibit typical spectra for their composition and properties in this spectral range which can be measured with NIR spectrometers and interpreted qualitatively and quantitatively. NIR is a sophisticated system for automatically picking mixed potential recyclables and refuse. This system is equipped with a fast and high-precision near infrared analysis combined with a computer controlled discharging system. As a result of the evaluation on combustion characteristics, activation energy of wood pellet and timber wood are higher. Thus, it can be considered that timber wood would be a main factor as a combustion of mixing various kinds of wood.

건설폐기물내 재활용 목재류 선별을 위한 풍력 및 광학선별 연구

김상근 ( Sang-keun Kim ) 한국폐기물자원순환학회(구 한국폐기물학회) 2019 한국폐기물자원순환학회 춘계학술발표논문집 Vol.2019 No.-

Waste wood contained in construction waste would possibly be used as a fuel or recycled material in other industries. The combustible materials including paper, textile, plastic, vinyl or synthetic resins could be used as subsidiary fuel or recycled material. In this study, we focus on developing a technique to classify and separate the combustible wastes (especially, woods) from the mixed construction and demolition (C&D) waste. Two systems are considered. The first one is composed of 1) cistern and air-drying separator to classify large sized combustible waste 2) rake-brush type separator to classify small sized combustible waste and 3) NIR method to separate wood waste. The second one is conducted under the dried condition and is composed of 1) Jaw & impact crusher to crash waste and 2) 2 stage-seperator & NIR method to maximize the efficiency of combustible waste separation. The NIR (Near Infrared) is part of the infrared range in the electromagnetic radiation spectrum, with wavelength limits at 0.8 and 2.5 μm. A large number of substances exhibit typical spectra for their composition and properties in this spectral range which can be measured with NIR spectrometers and interpreted qualitatively and quantitatively. NIR is a sophisticated system for automatically picking mixed potential recyclables and refuse. This system is equipped with a fast and high-precision near infrared analysis combined with a computer controlled discharging system. As a result of the evaluation on combustion characteristics, activation energy of wood pellet and timber wood are higher. Thus, it can be considered that timber wood would be a main factor as a combustion of mixing various kinds of wood.

건설폐기물 폐목재 선별을 위한 Pilot Plant의 운전성 평가

윤수경,이원근,원종철,천승규 한국폐기물자원순환학회 2012 한국폐기물자원순환학회지 Vol.29 No.7

SLC has installed and operated a 50 tons/day scale pilot plant of construction & demolition waste (c&d waste) separation/ selection pilot plant in order to utilize wood wastes among construction wastes carried into landfill sites as energy sources, etc. In the present study, for optimized operation of the aforementioned pilot plant, the characteristics of operation of the plant were assessed in relation to changes in operation conditions and the characteristics of inputted wastes. Based on the results of an experiment conducted to select sieves of vibrating screens for the discharge of incombustible materials, wood waste recovery rates were the highest when 8mm sieves were applied but the purity of wood wastes and combustible materials was higher when 20 mm sieves were applied. By supplementing the shape of the overflower of the wet separator, combustible materials stagnant in the water tank were reduced and the rate of recovery of combustible materials including wood was improved by around 10%. It was identified that not only the amounts of wood wastes and combustible materials among inputted wastes but also the ratio of coarse combustible materials to entire combustible materials could affect operation time. Therefore, if processes to select or smash coarse combustible materials in advance are added and bottle neck points are supplemented to be prepared for an increases in the amount of inputted combustible materials, construction wood waste selection/separation facilities could be stably operated even when the characteristics of inputted wastes are changed.

Process for Regulatory Clearance of Radioactive Waste at KAERI

Han Byeol Kang,Dong-su Kim,Tack-Jin Kim,Hyun Myoung Jung,Ji Ung Choi 한국방사성폐기물학회 2023 한국방사성폐기물학회 학술논문요약집 Vol.21 No.2

There is a large amount of radioactive waste in waste storage in the Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute. Some of the radioactive waste was generated during the dismantling process due to Korea Research Reactor 1&2 and it accounts for 20% of the total waste. Radioactive waste must be reduced by appropriate disposal methods to secure storage space and to reduce disposal costs. Research Reactor wastes include wastes that are below the acceptable criteria for selfdisposal and non-contaminated wastes, so they can be treated as wastes subject to self-disposal through contamination analysis and reclassification. In order to deregulation radioactive waste, it is necessary to meet the self-disposal standards stipulated in the Domestic Nuclear Act and the treatment standards of the Waste Management Act. The main factors of deregulation are surface contaminant, radionuclide activity and dose assessment. To confirm the contamination of waste, surface contaminant and gamma nuclide analysis were performed. After homogenizing the waste sample, it was placed in 1 L Mariinelli beaker. When collecting waste samples, 1 kg per 200 kg of waste was collected. The concentrations of the major radionuclides Co-60, Cs-134, Cs-137, Eu-152, and Eu-154 were analyzed using HPGe detector. To evaluate radiation dose, various computational programs were used. A dose assessment was performed with the analyzed nuclide concentration. The concentrations of representative nuclides satisfied the deregulation acceptance criteria and the results of the dose assessment corresponding to self-disposal method was also satisfied. Based on this results, KAERI submitted the report on waste self-disposal plan to obtain approval. After final approval, Research Reactor waste is to be incinerated and incineration ash is to be buried in the designated place. Some metallic waste has been recycled. In this study, the suitability of deregulation for self-disposal was confirmed through the evaluation of the surface contaminant analysis, radionuclide concentration analysis and dose assessment.

도시 내 발생 임목폐기물을 첨가한 음식물류 폐기물의 퇴비화 특성 분석에 관한 연구

김남찬 ( Nam Chan Kim ),김용태 ( Yong Tae Kim ),이희진 ( Hui Jin Lee ),김민아 ( Min A Kim ),문유찬 ( Yu Chan Moon ),백승목 ( Seung Mok Paik ) 한국환경분석학회 2014 환경분석과 독성보건 Vol.17 No.4

This study was conducted to investigate how to reduce the quantity of food waste and CO2 in the effluent in an eco-friendly way. Experiments were carried out to mix coarse-shredding wood chip, primary-fine-shredding wood chip, secondary-fine-shredding wood chip and composting wood chip with food waste by the proportion of 8:2, 7:3, 6:4, and 5:5, respectively. When the food waste was mixed with coarse-shredding wood chip by the proportion of 7:3 and 6:4, the percentage of water content was 55.0% and 53.2%, respectively. When the food waste was mixed with primary-shredding wood chip by the proportion of 6:4, the percentage of water content was 57.5%. The proportions of combustible components excluding composting wood chip ranged from 34.97% to 52.88% when biomass was added to the food waste. The C/N ratio of the mixture of food waste and biomass ranged from 15.32 to 21.66, which was lower than the standard 25 to 35. This indicates that it is necessary to add a material with a high C/N ratio. The salinity in food waste-biomass mixture ranged from 0.65% to 0.9%.

Current utilization of waste biomass as filler for wood adhesives: A review

Jinming Liu,Yongfeng Li,Hailin Mo,Enjun Xie,Jianlin Fang,Weixing Gan 한국공업화학회 2022 Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Vol.115 No.-

Filler is one of the most important additives for wood adhesives. The introduction of filler offers variousfunctions for wood adhesives, such as the increase of initial viscosity, the decrease of permeability, theimprovement of bonding strength, and the reduction of production cost. However, flour, a grain resource,is widely used as a filler that is added to polymers in the production of wood-based panels. As a result, alarge number of edible resources are wasted every year. Waste biomass that biomass residues are abandonedin nature are a promising filler that can be used to replace flour. The utilization of waste biomass asfiller for wood adhesives to prepare wood-based panels not only improves its mechanical strength, butalso reduces formaldehyde emissions. However, most waste biomass shows disappointing prepressingproperties. Advances in the use of waste biomass as an alternative filler for wood adhesives werereviewed. In addition, the current limitations and future prospects of waste biomass were discussed. Recycling waste biomass is a useful way to avoid the enormous amount of waste generated by differentindustries and control environmental pollution. It contributes to the practical development of circulareconomy.

소경단목재(小輕短木材) 접목을 활용한 유니트 가변형 테이블디자인 연구개발

김명태,서석민 한국가구학회 2012 한국가구학회지 Vol.23 No.1

This is the study about the New Formation Developement, the Changeable Table Design with Units that made of Wasted Wood to use restricted material rationally and to improve the space efficiency in the Table Design. We made some changeable table design with units that made of laminated wood wasted. And we found out the following formative characteristic and physical merits through this study. First, the space efficiency can be improve technically through the unit combination and organic transfomation of the specific form and a new method by laminated wood make the personal originality and the structral stability be built up. Second, there are some merits, moveable convenience and variable layout by the combination or transformation or personal fondness so that economical efficiency and variable of design can be improved. Third, we can remove original faults inside wood like a knot or not-uniform of wood organ when we laminate wood so that we use proper units that have original beauty of wood and can represent mild mood of furniture wholly. Fourth, much more strengthen tensile strength by the reciprocal action among the units that be made of laminated wood reduces wood’s metamorphosis like bending or twisting so that the uniformity of wood can be gain and furniture’s metamorphosis can be reduced. According to changes of nature environment, the difficulty of supply and demand for wood may be happen. According to changes of life style these days, supply and demand for environment friendly material, processing technique and developement of design to improve the efficiency of using space must be very important factor in morden furniture design. So we propose changeable furniture design by using new environment friendly meterial and processing method from this study.