윤회에 나타나는 정체성 바꾸기의 의미

심혜경(Shim, Hye Kyung) 동악어문학회 2013 동악어문학 Vol.60 No.-

이 논문은 『삼국유사』와 영웅소설의 시간과 공간에 따른 인물의 정체성 변화에 대해 논의한 글이다. 『삼국유사』와 고전소설에 흔히 등장하는 ‘윤회(輪回)’는 전생-현생-내생이라는 설정을 통해서 시간과 공간이 새롭게 재편되는 과정을 보여준다. 이것은 서사에서 의도적으로 시간과 공간을 ‘바꾸기’ 함으로써 주인공의 정체성 변화, 스토리의 원만한 진행, 주제의 강조 등의 서사 목적을 달성하기 위한 전략이다. 『삼국유사』 설화에서 주체와 타자의 욕망은 시공간 바꾸기를 통해서 충족되는 데 욕망이 결핍된 인물보다 욕망이 충족된 인물이 더 비중 있게 그려짐으로써 후자의 스토리를 강화하고 있다. 김유신 설화의 경우에는 전생과 내생에 신격의 인물이 배치되었으며 이는 고전 소설의 관습적인 유형에 영향을 미친 것으로 보인다. 반면 시간과 공간을 바꾸지 않고, 현생 안에서 정체성 바꾸기를 시도한 신격인물들의 등장은 종교적 성향이 강하다. 이들은 즉각적인 깨우침을 통해 주인공의 성장을 유도하거나 주인공의 정체성을 바꾸기도 한다. 『삼국유사』와 다르게 영웅소설에 나타나는 인물의 욕망들은 천상이라는 공간에서 금기의 욕망으로 치부되고 인간의 삶 또한 형벌로 정의된다. 이때 현재의 삶은 형벌과 동시에 보상의 의미도 함께 지니고 있으며 삼생(三生) 가운데 현생이 가장 강조되어 그려지는 것이 소설적 특징이라 할 것이다. 특히 현생을 살아가는 주인공들을 보조하는 인물들로 신격의 개입이 나타나는 것이 눈에 띄며 이는 주인공의 성장점으로 해석해야 할 것이다. 윤회를 통한 시공간 바꾸기는 인물의 정체성을 바꾸고 동시에 독자에게도 다양한 시각적 전환을 유도하여 현재의 삶을 성찰하는 눈을 갖게 하고자 하는 것이 목적이다. This paper was to explore the placement of the time and space in Samgukyusa(三國遺事) and classical novels. ‘Wheel of birth’ that appeared frequently in Samgukyusa(三國遺事) and classical novels showed the process reorganized through setting previous life-present life-next life. It was the strategy to achieve the purposes such as protagonists’ character change, smooth progress of the story, emphasis of the theme, etc by changing the time and space in the narration intentionally. The time and space in Samgukyusa(三國遺事) were changed strategically from the perspective of Buddhism’s reincarnation. New life and figures were placed in the category of the time and space called the previous life-present life-next life by projecting human desires. ‘Wheel of birth’ made the subject, ‘me’ be born. So ‘I’ desired and ‘the figures that we desire’ could be set as the figures in heaven. Thus ‘the hero’ was created. It was a way to find the answer to life that human beings desire and live the life desired through changing. It could not be denied that the classical novel also was the genre with fundamental questions on human life. The strategy for changing the time and space on Samgukyusa(三國遺事) was still valid in the classical novel. The more actual desires in the present time was regarded as forbidden desires in the conflict of the reality and the ethics, people desired in the illicit situation more and more. In the celestial world’s taboo, the desires that people wanted satisfied the human world through changing the time and space. The human desires such as the ties heaven decided, wealth and honor, entering all kinds of the government service were sufficiently rewarded in the hero’s life to overcome the trials and tribulations. This fulfillment enjoying in the present life in the classical novel was already enough and perfect. Therefore, human beings could ask question in the perfect fulfillment of the desires. It could be asked that the realization people could get in the fulfilled life, what the meaning of life was. The strategy for changing the time and space is still an interesting subject in the current narrative manner. It"s human life and people, other people what we want to ask by changing the time and space and the identity. ‘Changing’ isn"t tied to the target and induces the transition of the time into the perspective of the third.

동특성을 고려한 휠 베어링의 수명 예측 방법 연구

성슬기(Sulki Seong),김완구(Wangoo Kim),배대성(Daesung Bae),이승표(Seungpyo Lee) 대한기계학회 2014 대한기계학회 춘추학술대회 Vol.2014 No.11

Wheel bearing is one of the important parts of the car. Various studies have been conducted long time. However, prediction of the wheel bearing life has been used expression computation method using a theoretical formula between the raceway and ball. Such an approach, have assumed to be static load. Nevertheless wheel bearing is rotating body. It is not possible to consider the dynamics characteristics. This paper proposes life prediction method for wheel bearing considering dynamic characteristic. All of the wheel bearing bodies are consist of FE(Finite Element) body except bearing balls. Contact is defined the between the raceway and ball. It is possible to determine the load to the balls with the contact algorithm. And it can be predict the life of the wheel bearing through the load applied to the ball. Studied wheel bearing life prediction method is compare with the existing formula and static analysis result of the DAFUL(structural dynamics commercial software). Also, make up a scenario the force applied to the wheel bearing and predicts the life.

작동하중과 회전속도를 고려한 자동차용 휠 베어링의 수명평가

이승표(Seung Pyo Lee) 대한기계학회 2016 大韓機械學會論文集A Vol.40 No.6

자동차용 휠 베어링은 회전운동을 전달하고 차량의 무게를 지지해주는 중요한 부품이다. 최근 CO2 배출가스 저감과 연비 규제에 따라서 자동차 경량화 및 소형화 요구는 점점 증가하고 있고, 이에 부응하여 베어링의 수명 평가기술은 더욱 그 필요성이 증가하고 있다. 휠 베어링의 내구수명은 고려해야 할 인자들이 매우 다양하며 이들이 서로 복잡하게 연관되어 있으므로 수명을 예측하는 것이 쉽지 않다. 본 논문에서는 자동차용 휠 베어링의 수명에 영향을 끼치는 많은 인자들 중에서 작동하중과 회전속도를 변화시키면서 수명을 시험하였고, 이를 ISO 국제표준에서 제안하는 이론수명인 기본정격수명과 보정정격수명 결과와 비교하였다. 이들 수명을 비교한 결과, 기본정격수명과 보정정격수명 모두 시험수명과 차이가 존재하며, 기본정격수명 보다 보정정격수명이 시험수명을 상대적으로 잘 예측함을 알 수 있었다. An automotive wheel bearing is important part that translates rotating motion and bears vehicle weight. Recently, in accordance with the demands for CO2 emission reduction and fuel economy regulation, the requirements for the weight reduction and miniaturization of vehicles has increased. Therefore, life evaluation technology of the bearings has increased in necessity. Since the bearing life is affected by many parameters such as bearing geometry, bearing specifications, and vehicle specifications, it is difficult to predict. In this paper, the bearing life was tested by varying the applied load and rotation speed and comparing them with the basic rating life and modified rating life that were suggested in ISO standards. From the results, it was found that there was a difference between the test life and theoretical life and modified rating life than basic rating life was to be relatively well predicted by test life.

평면연삭에서 연삭력 변화와 숫돌수명

구양 釜慶大學校 2002 釜慶大學校 論文集 Vol.7 No.-

In the grinding process, the degree of the sharpness in wheel grain affects the surface roughness and the dimensional accuracy. If a wheel with dull grains is used, the grinding force will be increased and the surface roughness deteriorated. To produce a precise component, the magnitude of parameters related to the wear amount of a grinding wheel has to be limited. In this study, a variation of the grinding force and the surface roughness were measured to get the machining characteristics of the WA and CBN wheels. Using the wear amount of the grinding wheel and the removal rate of workpiece, the grinding ratio was calculated. And also the wheel life was determined at a rapid decreasing point of the grinding ratio. The difference between the surface of wheel-workpiece before grinding and after wheel life was clearly verified with a microscopic photo.

Safety Margin Evaluation of Railway wheel Based on Fracture Scenarios

Seok Jin Kwon,Dong Hyung Lee,Jung Won Seo,Sung Tae Kwon 한국철도학회 2012 International Journal of Railway Vol.5 No.2

A Fatigue Life Analysis of Wheels on Guideway Vehicle using Multibody Dynamics

이수호,박중경,전갑진,정성필,윤지원,박태원 한국정밀공학회 2009 International Journal of Precision Engineering and Vol.10 No.5

A guideway vehicle is used in automobile, semiconductor and LCD manufacturing industries to transport products efficiently. Since the operating speed of the guideway vehicle should be increased for maximum productivity, the weight of the vehicle has to be reduced, and this weight reduction may cause a failure of a part in the system. Therefore, the estimation of the fatigue life of the parts becomes an important problem. In this study, the fatigue life of the wheels in the guideway vehicle is estimated using an S-N curve. To obtain the fatigue life of a part, the S-N curve, the dynamic stress time history applied to the part, and the material property of the part are required. The S-N curve of the driving wheel is obtained from the fatigue experiment on wheels. To obtain the material properties of the driving wheel, which is composed of aluminum with urethane coating, the result of a compression hardware test and static analysis of the wheel’s FE model are used. The dynamic stress time history influencing the driving wheel can be obtained from linear superposition of the dynamic load time history and the static stress. The dynamic load time history is estimated by multibody dynamic analysis, and the static stress is obtained by finite element analysis.

유한요소해석을 이용한 자동차용 2-piece 단조 휠의 굽힘하중 내구수명 예측

김만섭(Manseob Kim),고길주(Kilju Ko),송현우(Hyunwoo Song),양창근(Changgeun Yang),김관묵(Kwanmuk Kim) 한국자동차공학회 2004 한국자동차공학회 춘 추계 학술대회 논문집 Vol.- No.-

2-piece forged wheels show the propagation of bending fatigue in welding area against common casting wheels. Accordingly, this paper described the fatigue life prediction of 2-piece forged wheel by simulating the experimental method using finite-element program. 2-piece forged wheel composed of a casting disk(A356.2) and a forged rim(A5052). After bidirectional strain gages sticked to welding area of inner rim and outer rim, wheel was tested using a bending fatigue tester. Results from bending fatigue test showed a linear correlation between bending moment and strain amplitude in welding area of rim. Also, in order to find stress-cycles curves, specimens made of welding filler(A5356) were tested using a rotary bending fatigue tester. Regression lines and confidence intervals from these results are used to predict the fatigue life of the wheel.

Safety Margin Evaluation of Railway wheel Based on Fracture Scenarios

Kwon, Seok Jin,Lee, Dong Hyung,Seo, Jung Won,Kwon, Sung Tae The Korean Society for Railway 2012 International Journal of Railway Vol.5 No.2

Derailment due to wheel failure would cause a tremendous social and economical cost in service operation. It is necessary to evaluate quantitatively the safety with respect to high-speed train. Although the safety of railway wheel has been ensured by an regular inspection, all critical defects cannot be detected in inspection cycles and the wheel has been replaced because a defect quickly become critical for safety. Therefore, it is important to calculate quantitatively the fracture limit and remnant life of damaged railway wheel in wheel-rail system. In present paper, the critical crack size of wheel for high-speed train is simulated based on fracture scenario and the safety of wheel is evaluated.

Evaluation of Wheel Life by Grinding Ratio and Static Force

Kwak, Jae-Seob,Ha, Man-Kyung The Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers 2002 JOURNAL OF MECHANICAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY Vol.16 No.9

A degree of sharpness in wheel grains affects the surface roughness and dimensional accuracy in the grinding process. If a wheel with dull grains is used, the grinding force is increased and the surface roughness is deteriorated. In ovder to produce a precision component economically, the magnitude of the wear amount in the grinding wheel has to be limited. In this study, experimental evaluation of a wheel life varying with the grinding ratio and static grinding force was conducted. The grinding ratio and grinding force were measured to seek the grinding performance of the WA wheel. The relationship between the grinding ratio and static grinding force was presented.

농업 4륜 전기 자동차 설계를 위한 환감 기어의 부하 분석

알리모하마드 ( Mohammod Ali ),이슬람나피울 ( Md. Nafiul Islam ),레자나심 ( Md Nasim Reza ),초두리밀론 ( Milon Chowdhury ),이슬람수마이야 ( Sumaiya Islam ),이현석 ( Hyun-seok Lee ),정선옥 ( Sun-ok Chung ) 한국농업기계학회 2021 한국농업기계학회 학술발표논문집 Vol.26 No.1

The load analysis of gears is a major challenge to ensure the reliability of the power transmission system of the all-wheel-drive electric vehicle. It is necessary to select the proper material and face width for design the reduction gears to avoid its failure during field operations. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the suitable materials and dimensions, to evaluate the fatigue life regarding the level of damage. A field experiment was conducted on the off-road conditions following the driving speeds. A load (torque) measurement method was established to collect the torque data using torque sensors and data acquisition systems. A load duration distribution (LDD) method was used to analyze the torque data to examine the cyclic load characteristics. The Palmgren-Miner cumulative damage model was used to determine the fatigue damage level of the reduction gears. The hypothetic fatigue life was recorded up to 2500 hours that satisfied the actual service life of the agricultural vehicle. In order to the analyses, the steel material ‘SCr420H’ with a 5 mm face width gear was suitable for a 10-year vehicle service life. The results presented in this study can suggest the service life of a four-wheeled electric vehicle for agricultural use.