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Cognitive Effects of Wh-clefts
Kim, Kyoungyoul 한국중앙영어영문학회 2005 영어영문학연구 Vol.47 No.3
This study discusses the cognitive effects of wh-clefts based on a cognitive-functional approach. The main purpose of this study is to present a cognitive framework for the cognitive-functional analysis of the relationship between the syntactic structure of wh-clefts and their discourse-motivated pragmatic functions. This study introduces the conceptual (or cognitive) notion of wh-cleft and argues that the cognitively salient structural properties of wh-clefts contribute crucially to their diverse discourse-pragmatic functions. It proposes that the cognitive structure of wh-clefts allows the speaker/writer to project effectively what she/he wishes to deliver through the cognitively salient process of information, creating topicalizing and focusing effects, a background effect, and the speaker/writer-oriented strategies for a communication effect in the flow of discourse.
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김혜리(Hyeree Kim) 현대문법학회 2018 현대문법연구 Vol.97 No.-
This article deals with the diachronic change of pseudo-clefts in which the clefted constituent, i.e. focused part, is realized as a verb, i.e. to -infinitive, bare-infinitive, -ing . (e.g. What/All he did was help/to help her. What/All he was doing was helping her .) The analysis of the Corpus of Historical American English (COHA, 1820-2009) shows that to -infinitive is the oldest construction but was not frequently used until the early 1800s from which its use rapidly increased until the early 1900s. It was then overtaken by its competitor, the bare-infinitive, in the 1950s-1970s and fell into decline. The bare-infinitive is the early 20th century innovation rarely used before then and shows a rapid rise throughout the 1900s. The occurrence of -ing is found from the early 1900s and gradually increases until now. The replacement of to -infinitive by bare-infinitive was lead by all -clefts rather than what -clefts: All -clefts are not only higher in the overall frequency but earlier in the innovative use of bare-infinitive.
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Wh-분열문의 통사적 변이와 복합성 원리: 코퍼스 연구
김혜리(Hye ree Kim) 현대문법학회 2017 현대문법연구 Vol.95 No.-
This study examines variable usage between to-infinitives and bare-infinitives in wh-cleft sentences in English. There are a number of previous studies dealing with either formal and functional analyses or regional and stylistic variation of wh-clefts. This study, however, attempts to find underlying factors determining the distribution of the two alternatives and investigates whether the so-called ‘complexity principle’ proposed by Rohdenburg (1998, 2000) is valid. Mair and Winkle (2012) used ten ICE corpora as an attempt to verify two out of four hypotheses of Rohdenburg’s principle. Although their findings partially supported Rohdenburg’s claims, the paucity of data turned out to neither prove nor disprove them. This study uses a much larger corpus, the COCA (Corpus of Contemporary American English), and shows that all four hypotheses of the complexity principle are valid: that is, the to-infinitive is more likely to occur, (i) if do is in more complex forms (did, done, doing) rather than in the simple present forms (do, does), (ii) if some elements intervene between do and be, (iii) if be is in the past tense (was) rather than in the simple present tense (is), or (iv) if be occurs in complex forms (e.g. will be, would be) rather than in the simple present or past forms (is, was). Furthermore, this study proposes and justifies a new hypothesis for the complexity principle: that is, the to-infinitive is more likely to occur, (v) if the intervening material between what and do are more complex (or lengthy).
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