Multihole dielectric barrier discharge with asymmetric electrode arrangement in water and application to sterilization of aqua pathogens

Hong, Yong Cheol,Ma, Suk Hwal,Kim, Kangil,Shin, Yong Wook Elsevier 2019 Chemical engineering journal Vol.374 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>To make aquaculture more environmentally and economically sustainable, novel water treatment technologies are urgently required. Therefore, in this study, a novel multihole dielectric barrier discharge (MH-DBD) plasma system submerged in water was investigated to sterilize aquaculture pathogens. The plumes from the DBD plasma directly contact water through multiple holes installed on an outer dielectric of an asymmetric coaxial DBD. The MH-DBD plasma in <I>Vibrio harveyi</I> sterilization showed inactivation performance higher than 2 log reduction, compared to coaxial DBD plasma without direct contact with water. From the plasma emission lines, we identified the chemically active species resulting from water dissociation. The aqua pathogens tested in the experiments were of five types containing <I>Edwardsiella tarda</I>, which causes lethal diseases in aquaculture populations; the MH-DBD plasma showed high sterilization performance over 6.5–7.5 log reduction under specific conditions. Consequently, we believe that the MH-DBD plasma can be an effective water treatment tool not only to sterilize fish pathogens in aquaculture but also to decontaminate waste water through plasma-based oxidation processes.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> A novel MH-DBD plasma system was developed for pathogen sterilization in aquaculture. </LI> <LI> The eccentric electrode arrangement enhanced plasma emission toward water. </LI> <LI> The MH-DBD plasma showed high sterilization performance over 6.5–7.5 log reduction. </LI> <LI> This system can decontaminate waste water through plasma-based oxidation processes. </LI> </UL> </P>

A Physiological Stimulating Factor of Water Intake during and after Dry Forage Feeding in Large-type Goats

Thang, Tran Van,Sunagawa, Katsunori,Nagamine, Itsuki,Kishi, Tetsuya,Ogura, Go Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2012 Animal Bioscience Vol.25 No.4

When ruminants consume dry forage, they also drink large volumes of water. The objective of this study was to clarify which factor produced when feed boluses enter the rumen is mainly responsible for the marked increase in water intake in the second hour of the 2 h feeding period in large-type goats fed on dry forage for 2 h twice daily. Six large-type male esophageal- and ruminal-fistulated goats (crossbred Japanese Saanen/Nubian, aged 2 to 6 years, weighing $85.1{\pm}4.89kg$) were used in two experiments. In experiment 1, the water deprivation (WD) control and the water availability (WA) treatment were conducted to compare changes in water intake during and after dry forage feeding. In experiment 2, a normal feeding conditions (NFC) control and a feed bolus removal (FBR) treatment were carried out to investigate whether decrease in circulating plasma volume or increase in plasma osmolality is mainly responsible for the marked increase in water intake in the second hour of the 2 h feeding period. The results of experiment 1 showed that in the WA treatment, small amounts of water were consumed during the first hour of feeding while the majority of water intake was observed during the second hour of the 2 h feeding period. Therefore, the amounts of water consumed in the second hour of the 2 h feeding period accounted for 82.8% of the total water intake. The results of experiment 2 indicated that in comparison with the NFC control, decrease in plasma volume in the FBR treatment, which was indicated by increase in hematocrit and plasma total protein concentrations, was higher (p<0.05) in the second hour of the 2 h feeding period. However, plasma osmolality in the FBR treatment was lower (p<0.05) than compared to the NFC control from 30 min after the start of feeding. Therefore, thirst level in the FBR treatment was 82.7% less (p<0.01) compared with that in the NFC control upon conclusion of the 30 min drinking period. The results of the study indicate that the increased plasma osmolality in the second hour of the 2 h feeding period is the main physiological stimulating factor of water intake during and after dry forage feeding in large-type goats.

플라즈마 화장품 용기 적합성

조하현,천유연,허효진,이상훈,Lei Lei,김예지,곽병문,이미기,빈범호 사단법인 대한화장품학회 2024 대한화장품학회지 Vol.50 No.1

플라즈마 화장품은, 플라즈마의 제형 내 장기 안정성을 확보하는 것이 중요하다. 이번 연구는 효율적인플라즈마 화장품 개발을 위하여 용기 적합성을 검토하였다. 플라즈마가 닿는 표면적을 달리하여, 4 cm2, 25 cm2, 75 cm2, 175 cm2 용기 별로 화장품 제조용 플라즈마를 주입 후, 질소 플라즈마 주요 활성 종인 nitric oxide (NO)의 양을 추적 분석 하였다. 그 결과, 플라즈마에 노출된 표면적과 안정도는 반비례 경향을 나타내었고, 4 cm2 용기에서 가장 효과적이었다. 추가적으로, 25 mm, 40 mm, 50 mm 바이알 병에 플라즈마를 처리하였고, 그 결과 공기에 노출된 용기의 표면 면적이 작은 25 mm에서 NO의 상대적 장기 안정성이 확보되었다. 화장품제형으로 수상 미스트(water mist)와 층 분리 미스트(stratified mist)를 선택하여 수상층 부분에 NO 플라즈마를주입 후 제형의 성상 및 주입한 NO 플라즈마의 상태 변화를 관찰하였다. 두 제형에서 NO 플라즈마의 주입량은수상 미스트가 층 분리 미스트보다 약 1.5 배 가량 높았으며, 층 분리 미스트는 시간에 따라 점차 감소하여3 주 후, 소실되는 것이 확인되었다. 저온(4 ℃), 실온(25 ℃), 고온(37 ℃, 50 ℃)에서 질소 플라즈마의 안정도를진행하였다. 그 결과 수상 미스트는 안정도에 영향을 미치지 않는 것을 확인하였지만, 층 분리 미스트는 유상층에서 색 변화를 관찰하였다. 종합적으로, 본 연구는 질소 플라즈마의 용기 적합성을 제시하고 있으며 화장품 제형내 주입된 질소 플라즈마의 안정성 확보의 중요성을 시사하고 있다. For plasma cosmetics, it is important to ensure the long-term stability of plasma in the formulation. This study examined the suitability of containers for efficient plasma cosmetics development. By varying the surface area covered by the plasma, 4 cm2 , 25 cm2 , 75 cm2 , and 175 cm2 containers were injected with cosmetic plasma, and the amount of nitric oxide (NO), the main active species of nitrogen plasma, was analyzed. As a result, the surface area and stability exposed to plasma tended to be inversely proportional, and it was most effective in a 4 cm2 container. Furthermore, 25 mm, 40 mm, and 50 mm vials were treated with plasma, which resulted in relative long-term stability of NO at 25 mm, a smaller surface area of the container exposed to air. Water mist and stratified mist were selected as cosmetic formulations, and NO plasma was injected into the water layer to observe the changes in formulation properties and the state of the injected NO plasma. In both formulations, the amount of NO plasma injected was about 1.5 times higher in the water phase mist than in the stratified mist, and the stratified mist gradually decreased with time and was found to disappear after 3 weeks. The stability of the nitrogen plasma was studied at low temperature (4 ℃), room temperature (25 ℃), and high temperature (37 ℃, 50 ℃). As a result, it was found that the water mist did not affect the stability, but the stratified mist observed a color change in the oil phase layer. Overall, this study demonstrates the container suitability of nitrogen plasma and suggests the importance of ensuring the stability of injected nitrogen plasma in cosmetic formulations.

Plasma bioscience for medicine, agriculture and hygiene applications

최은하,Kaushik NAgendra Kumar,Hong Young June,임준섭,최진성,한인 한국물리학회 2022 THE JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSICAL SOCIETY Vol.80 No.8

Nonthermal biocompatible plasma (NBP) sources operating in atmospheric pressure environments and their characteristics can be used for plasma bioscience, medicine, and hygiene applications, especially for COVID-19 and citizen. This review surveyed the various NBP sources, including a plasma jet, micro-DBD (dielectric barrier discharge) and nanosecond discharged plasma. The electron temperatures and the plasma densities, which are produced using dielectric barrier discharged electrode systems, can be characterized as 0.7 ~ 1.8 eV and (3–5) × 1014– 15 cm− 3, respectively. Herein, we introduce a general schematic view of the plasma ultraviolet photolysis of water molecules for reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (RONS) generation inside biological cells or living tissues, which would be synergistically important with RONS diffusive propagation into cells or tissues. Of the RONS, the hydroxyl radical [OH] and hydrogen peroxide H2O2 species would mainly result in apoptotic cell death with other RONS in plasma bioscience and medicines. The diseased biological protein, cancer, and mutated cells could be treated by using a NBP or plasma activated water (PAW) resulting in their apoptosis for a new paradigm of plasma medicine.

Microwave Plasma Sterilization System을 이용한 배추 절임수의 미생물 저감화

유동진(Dong Jin Yu),신윤지(Yoon Ji Shin),김현진(Hyun Jin Kim),송현정(Hyeon Jeong Song),이지혜(Ji Hye Lee),장성애(Sung Ae Jang),전소정(So Jung Jeon),홍순택(Soon Taek Hong),김성재(Sung Jae Kim),송경빈(Kyung Bin Song) 한국식품영양과학회 2011 한국식품영양과학회지 Vol.40 No.1

김치 제조 공정에서 사용되는 김치 절임수의 미생물학적 안전성 확보와 재활용을 위한 연구로써, 본 연구에서는 microwave plasma sterilization system을 이용한 김치 절임수의 미생물 수 저감화를 위하여, E. coli O157:H7, L. monocytogenes, S. Typhimurium에 대한 살균 효과를 측정하고, 또한 사용한 김치 절임수에 본 장치를 적용하였다. 김치 공장에서 반복 사용한 절임수에 있는 coliform, E. coli, Salmonella spp., total aerobic bacteria, yeasts and molds가 사용횟수가 늘어남에 따라 미생물 수가 증가하였다. Microwave plasma를 이용한 살균처리에서는 E. coli O157:H7, L. monocytogenes, S. Typhimurium의 D₁?-value가 0.48, 0.52, 0.45 cycle로 각각 측정되었고, 또한 1회 사용한 절임수에 microwave plasma sterilization system 적용 시, coliform, E. coli, Salmonella spp., total aerobic bacteria, yeasts and molds 숫자가 유의적으로 감소하였다. 따라서 본 연구 결과, 김치공장의 김치 절임수를 재사용하기 위해서 microwave plasma sterilization system을 이용한 살균방법이 적합하다고 판단된다. This study was conducted to decrease the microbial hazard in kimchi saline water with microwave plasma sterilization system and to evaluate the inactivation of foodborne pathogens by the microwave plasma sterilization system as a non-thermal treatment. Contamination of coliform, Escherichia coli, and yeasts and molds were detected in the used saline water, and the microbial populations increased as the saline water was reused repeatedly. The D₁?-values of E. coli O157:H7, Salmonella Typhimurium, and Listeria monocytogenes by the microwave plasma sterilization system were 0.48, 0.52, and 0.45 cycle, respectively. In addition, the microbial populations of coliform, E. coli, Salmonella spp., total aerobic bacteria, and yeasts and molds in the used kimchi saline water were significantly decreased by treating the saline water using the microwave plasma sterilization system. Therefore, these results suggest that microwave plasma sterilization system can be useful in improving the microbial safety of the used saline water.

Treatment of surface water using cold plasma for domestic water supply

Dung Van Nguyen,Phong Quoc Ho,Toan Van Pham,Tuyen Van Nguyen,Lavane Kim 대한환경공학회 2019 Environmental Engineering Research Vol.24 No.3

This paper presents the results of using cold plasma to treat surface water for domestic use purpose. Experimental results showed that cold plasma was an effective method for destroying bacteria in water. After treatment with cold plasma, concentration of coliform and Escherichia coli dramatically reduced. Besides, cold plasma significantly removed water odor, increased dissolved oxygen and decreased the concentration of chemical oxygen demand. However, cold plasma significantly raised the concentration of nitrite and nitrate. Other disadvantages of treating with cold plasma were conductivity increase and pH reduction. Pretreatment steps of coagulation, flocculation, sedimentation and sand filtration followed by disinfection with cold plasma exhibited a high efficiency in surface water treatment. All parameters of surface water after treatment by using the prototype satisfied with the allowance standard of domestic water quality.

Water Uptake and Tensile Properties of Plasma Treated Abaca Fiber Reinforced Epoxy Composite

( Marissa A Paglicawan ),( Blessie A Basilia ),( Byung Sun Kim ) 한국복합재료학회 2013 Composites research Vol.26 No.3

This work presents the tensile properties and water uptake behavior of plasma treated abaca fibers reinforced epoxy composites. The composites were prepared by vacuum assisted resin transfer molding. The effects of treatment on tensile properties and sorption characteristics of abaca fiber composites in distilled water and salt solution at room temperature were investigated. The tensile strength of the composites increased with plasma treatment. With plasma treatment, an improvement of 92.9% was obtained in 2.5 min exposure time in plasma. This is attributed to high fiber-matrix compatibility. Less improvement on tensile properties of hybrid treatment of sodium hydroxide and plasma was obtained. However, both treatments reduced overall water uptake in distilled water and salt solution. Hydrophilicity of the fibers decreased upon plasma and sodium hydroxide treatment, which decreases water uptake.

CF₄ plasma-modified omniphobic electrospun nanofiber membrane for produced water brine treatment by membrane distillation

Chul Woo, Yun,Chen, Ying,Tijing, Leonard D.,Phuntsho, Sherub,He, Tao,Choi, June-Seok,Kim, Seung-Hyun,Kyong Shon, Ho Elsevier 2017 Journal of membrane science Vol.529 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>This study describes the development and performance of an omniphobic poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) membrane by electrospinning and CF<SUB>4</SUB> plasma surface modification for air gap membrane distillation (AGMD). The effect of different duration of plasma treatment on the nanofiber membrane characteristics was investigated. The AGMD performance of the membranes was evaluated using real reverse osmosis (RO) brine produced from coal seam gas (CSG) water that was added with low surface tension liquid (surfactant) as feed solution. Results indicated the formation of new CF<SUB>2</SUB>-CF<SUB>2</SUB> and CF<SUB>3</SUB> bonds after plasma treatment, which lowered the surface energy of the membrane, providing omniphobic property, as indicated by its wetting resistance to different low surface tension liquids such as methanol, mineral oil and ethylene glycol. Though no appreciative changes in morphology of the membrane were observed after plasma treatment, optimal treatment condition of 15min (i.e., P/CF-15 membrane) exhibited lotus effect membrane surface with increased liquid entry pressure of 187 kPa compared to 142 kPa for neat membrane. AGMD performance showed stable normalized flux (initial flux of 15.3L/m<SUP>2</SUP>h) and rejection ratio (100%) for P/CF-15 even with the addition of up to 0.7mM sodium dodecyl sulfate surfactant to the RO brine from CSG produced water feed, while commercial PVDF membrane suffered membrane wetting after 0.3mM of surfactant addition. Based on the results, the present omniphobic membrane has good potential for producing clean water from challenging waters containing high salinity and organic contaminants.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> PVDF electrospun nanofiber membranes are modified by CF<SUB>4</SUB> plasma treatment. </LI> <LI> Omniphobic nanofiber membrane was obtained after CF<SUB>4</SUB> plasma treatment. </LI> <LI> CF<SUB>4</SUB> plasma modified membrane exhibited stable water flux and salt rejection. </LI> <LI> CF<SUB>4</SUB> plasma modified membranes showed good potential for CSG RO brine treatment. </LI> </UL> </P> <P><B>Graphical abstract</B></P> <P>[DISPLAY OMISSION]</P>

염색폐수 처리를 위한 하이브리드 플라즈마 특성연구

윤석현(Seok-Hyun Youn),박재윤(Jae-Youn Park),김상돈(Sang-Don Kim),정장근(Jang-Gun Jung) 한국조명·전기설비학회 2008 조명·전기설비학회논문지 Vol.22 No.8

본 논문은 플라즈마를 이용한 수처리 연구를 수행하였다. 이 연구에 사용한 수중플라즈마 토치는 상당한 전력의 절감을 가져올 수 있기 때문에 경제적인측면과 에너지효율면에서 뛰어난 결과를 나타내었다. 수중에서 일어나는 스트리머방전과 아크방전 현상을 면밀히 조사하여 비교하였고, 또한 염색페수를 플라즈마로 처리하였을 시의 색도제거율과 용존오존, 과산화수소와의 상관관계를 알기위해 표본화하고 분석하였다. 이에 플라즈마토치에는 선택적인 산화반응이 다소 있긴 하지만 플라즈마화학반응에 의한 H₂O₂와 O₃의 성장이 아크방전 보다 스트리머방전시 더 효과적으로 촉진된다는 것을 알 수 있었다. 따라서 스트리머방전이 아크플라즈마 토치에 비해 더 효율적인 플라즈마 화학반응을 일으킬 수 있는 환경을 만들어주므로, 수처리에 있어서 스트리머플라즈마토치가 더 적합하였다. Water treatment study employing plasma is thoroughly examined in the following paper. The research using water plasma torch showed superior results in terms of economical and energy efficiency due to the substantial reduction of electric power. A comparison of streamer and arc discharge phenomena taken place in water was put under close scrutiny. Dyeing wastewater exposed to the plasma treatment was sampled and analyzed for relative dissolved ozone concentration, hydrogen peroxide, as well as the color removal efficiency. It was found that streamer discharges is more effective than arc discharge in growth of H₂O₂ and O₃ by plasma chemical constituents, though plasma torch had small oxidation reagents selectivity. Thus, streamer discharges, due to the efficient plasma-chemical reactions environment, proved to be more efficient compare to the thermal arc plasma loading.

하이브리드 수중 플라즈마 토치를 이용한 수처리 특성연구

권순걸,이수호,조만철,Kwon, Soon-Kurl,Lee, Su-Ho,Cho, Man-Chul 한국조명전기설비학회 2006 조명·전기설비학회논문지 Vol.20 No.1

본 연구는 상용화에 관점에서 수처리용 플라즈마리액터를 제작하여 수처리 특성을 연구한 것으로, 본 연구에 사용된 하이브리드 수중 플라즈마 토치는 기존의 네온트랜스라는 저가의 전원을 사용한다는 측면에서 경제적으로 매우 우수하며 더불어 저전력용으로 제작되어 에너지 효율적 측면에서도 매우 우수하다. 특히 연구에 사용된 하이브리드 수중 플라즈마 토치는 두 종류의 플라즈마영역을 가지고 있어 각각의 영역의 장점을 물에 투입 할 수 있다는 특수한 장점을 가지고 있다. 이러한 하이브리드 수중 플라즈마 토치를 사용한 결과 얻은 다음과 같은 데이터(용존 오존(2.8[ppm]), 과산화수소(100[ppm]), 2[PH])는 살균에 매우 유용할만한 가치 있는 수치로서 실제 대장균 처리에 적용해본 결과 최대 10분 안에 대장균 완전 박멸이라는 매우 우수한 결과를 가질 수 있었다. This research emphasis the commercialize and experiment in the quality of water treatment by making water treatment reactor. The hybrid water plasma torch used this research is excellent in tans of economical efficiency because of using existent neon transformer. Further more, It has excellent energy efficiency because it is manufactured by low electric power. Especially hybrid water plasma torch used this research has two filed of water plasma and inputs each strong point into the water. Following The data such as dissolved ozone(2.8[ppm]), hydrogen peroxide(100[ppm]), 2[PH], are very affordable data and immensely useful in sterilization. Those data have excellent result: perfect eradication of a colon bacillus within maximum 10 minute applying to sterilization processing of a colon bacillus.