쓰레기 종량제 개선에 대한 평가 연구

정경훈,최형일,김정애,박상일 조선대학교 환경공해연구소 2007 環境公害硏究 Vol.20 No.1

It is ten years since the volume based waste free system carried out. This aimed to analysis and estimate about the achievement of the volume based waste free system of the Ministry of Environment and Damyang-Gun. According to the analysis of its result, it is still unsatisfied to use the plastic bags of the volume based waste free system and to separate and throw away the wastes. The Public Opinion says that the Government needs to further step up publicity activities on the volume based waste free system by making good use of TV, newspaper, and magazine, and should offer the incentives to people who observe the volume based waste free system, In addition, it says that people in Damyang-Gun incinerate illegally(60.5%). Therefore. the study and supply of waste disposal method is necessary to people in Damyang-Gun, manufacturers themselves should collect wastes, and Damyang-Gun should expend the systematical device of collecting wastes. If these things go on, the volume based waste free system will be fixed.

채소류 폐기물의 처리

김상헌 ( Sang Hun Kim ),신범수 ( Beon Soo Shin ) 강원대학교 농업생명과학연구원(구 농업과학연구소) 2009 강원 농업생명환경연구 Vol.20 No.-

The vegetable waste has been produced large amount at farm and intermediate market every day in Korea. To save the transportation cost and utilize renewable source, the vegetable waste should be treated mechanically and reduced the volume. The objective of this research is to develop the treatment system of the vegetable waste. A method for volume reduction of vegetable waste was developed, and also the characteristic of treated waste was analyzed for animal feed. The volume of vegetable waste was reduced 1/6 by developed volume-reducing machine. The moisture content of macerated and pressed material was 85.1%(w.b.) when it was macerated through three pairs of rolls. The drying rate of macerated vegetable waste was 4 - 7.7 times faster than that of untreated material, and that of the macerated and pressed vegetable waste was 20 - 50 times faster. As the vegetable waste of Chinese cabbage contains high crude protein and low NDF content, it must be the good feed with the high nutritional value for farm animals. The silages method to store vegetable waste was simple and easy to use at farm without big investments. The silages from low moisture material (50%, 70% in w.b.) produced good silages for feed with low lactic and butyric acid.

쓰레기 수수료 종량제 시행에 따른 경제적 성과분석 및 가격 재설정 방안

양은모,이주호,이희선 한국폐기물자원순환학회 2014 한국폐기물자원순환학회지 Vol.31 No.1

The aim of this study is to evaluate the reduction costs of waste treatment and the increasing benefits of recyclableaccording to the volume-based waste fee system. The effects of waste treating costs reduction is calculated by the collectionand transport costs, Landfill costs and Incineration costs. These are calculated by each reduction amounts and disposal unitprices through year 1995~2009. The effects of recycling benefits of each item is calculated by variation amount of eachrecycling items and each unit prices. The time value of money is also considered to get both total waste treating reductioncosts and the present value of recycling items. In addition, the improvement in low percentage of ‘financial independenceof cleaning’ and ‘residents burden rate’ are needed to actualize the volume-based waste fee system. The reason is that thesemake hard to cover whole cleaning budget by itself. Therefore, it is true that raising the price of bag of the volume-basedwaste fee is unavoidable and differential rate of raising the price of bag is needed. This paper deducts three suggestions toraise the price of Volume-based Waste Fee System bag to develop the Volume-based Waste Fee System further more.

The characterization of cement waste form for final disposal of decommissioning concrete wastes

Lee, Yoon-ji,Lee, Ki-Won,Min, Byung-Youn,Hwang, Doo-Seong,Moon, Jei-Kwon Elsevier 2015 Annals of nuclear energy Vol.77 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>In Korea, the decontamination and decommissioning of KRR-1, 2 at KAERI have been under way. The decommissioning of the KRR-2 was finished completely by 2011, whereas the decommissioning of KRR-1 is currently underway. A large quantity of slightly contaminated concrete waste has been generated from the decommissioning projects. The concrete wastes, 83ea of 200L drums, and 41ea of 4m<SUP>3</SUP> containers, were generated in the decommissioning projects. The conditioning of concrete waste is needed for final disposal. Concrete waste is conditioned as follows: mortar using coarse and fine aggregates is filled with a void space after concrete rubble pre-placement into 200L drums. Thus, this research developed an optimizing mixing ratio of concrete waste, water, and cement, and evaluated the characteristics of a cement waste form to meet the requirements specified in the disposal site specific waste acceptance criteria. The results obtained from a compressive strength test, leaching test, and thermal cycling test of cement waste forms conclude that the concrete waste, water, and cement have been suggested as an optimized mixing ratio of 75:15:10. In addition, the compressive strength of the cement waste form was satisfied, including a fine powder up to a maximum of 40wt% in concrete debris waste of about 75%. According to the scale-up test, the mixing ratio of concrete waste, water, and cement is 75:10:15, which meets the satisfied compressive strength because of an increase in the particle size in the waste.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> Decommissioning concrete waste recycling and disposal. </LI> <LI> Compressive strength of cement waste form. </LI> <LI> Characteristic of thermal resistance and leaching of cement waste form. </LI> </UL> </P>

Technology Development for Advanced Volume Reduction of Radioactive Concrete Waste From NPP Decommissioning

Keunyoung Lee,Maengkyo Oh,Richard I. Foster,Kwang-Wook Kim,Sungjune Sohn,Min Ku Jeon,Bum-Kyoung Seo 한국방사성폐기물학회 2022 한국방사성폐기물학회 학술논문요약집 Vol.20 No.2

Radioactive waste generated in large quantities from NPP decommissioning has various physicochemical and radiological characteristics, and therefore treatment technologies suitable for those characteristics should be developed. Radioactively contaminated concrete waste is one of major decommissioning wastes. The disposal cost of radioactive concrete waste is considerable portion for the total budget of NPP decommissioning. In this study, we developed an integrated technology with thermomechanical and chemical methods for volume reduction of concrete waste and stabilization of secondary waste. The unit devices for the treatment process were also studied at bench-scale tests. The volume of radioactive concrete waste was effectively reduced by separating clean aggregate from the concrete. The separated aggregate satisfied the clearance criteria in the test using radionuclides. The treatment of secondary waste from the chemical separation step was optimally designed, and the stabilization method was found for the waste form to meet the final disposal criteria in the repository site. The final volume reduction rates of 56.4~75.4% were possible according to the application scenario of our processes under simulated conditions. The commercial-scale system designs for the thermomechanical and chemical processes were completed. Also, it was found that the disposal cost for the contaminated concrete waste at domestic NPP could be reduced by more than 20 billion won per each unit. Therefore, it is expected that the application of this technology will improve the utilization of the radioactive waste disposal space and significantly reduce the waste disposal cost.

한국지방정부의 자원순환정책 집행에 관한 연구 - 경기도 음식물쓰레기 종량제의 사레분석을 중심으로 -

박미옥 한국지방자치학회 2016 韓國地方自治學會報 Vol.28 No.2

음식물쓰레기 종량제의 궁극적인 목적은 감량화에 있다. 쓰레기가 줄어들면 배출비용이 줄어들고, 미관 저해 및 악취와 같은 위생환경 등 나머지 문제점들도 동시에 줄어들 수 있다. 그런 의미에서 본 연구는 경기도 음식물쓰레기 종량제의 집행과정상 대두되는 내용을 첫째 배출방식과 관련한 RFID 설치 및 유지관리, 둘째 수거용기 교체와 위생관리, 셋째 배출수수료와 전용봉투의 사용 제한, 넷째 다양한 SNS 수단을 통한 교육・홍보 등으로 요약될 수 있으며, 그 개선방안은 배출자부담원칙을 고려한 수수료의 가격현실화와 불법배출에 대한 과태료 및 쾌적한 환경관리 감독 등을 주요 시사점으로 제시하였다. 특히 종량제의 시범사업 중에는 지자체, 주민 및 언론 등의 감량화 유도로 인하여 높은 감량비율을 보였으나 낮은 처리수수료와 함께 정책집행이 지속되면서 적극적인 참여의지가 희석되어 당초의 종량제 효과가 낮아지고 있다. 이를 극복하기 위해 처리수수료에 대한 주민부담률을 공공요금에 준하는 객관적 산정기준에 따라 처리수수료를 구축하여, 철저한 종량제 관리체계의 주기적 피드백과 정책보완이 요구되는 것으로 분석되었다. The ultimate purpose for Volume-Rate Food Waste Disposal System is in reducing waste. Less garbage means less waste disposal fee, and garbage reduction can also help reduce problems such as spoiling of fine views and hygiene issues including bad smell. The issues that rise during the executive process of the food waste meter-rate system include the RFID installation and maintenance related to emission methods, replacement and hygiene management of garbage collection containers, emission charge and restriction on the use of food waste bags, and finally the governmental role in educating and promoting the food waste meter-rate system with the use of various SNS channels. In this research, we suggest price realization of emission charge, while considering the Polluter Pays Principle, as the main implication for improvement plans for resolving the issues mentioned above. According to the pilot meter-rate system, food waste seemed to show a high reduction rate due to the reduction inducement by local government, residents, and media. However, due to the low waste disposal fee and continued policy execution, the intention to actively engage in the waste reduction process has diluted, affecting the efficiency of the meter-rate system as initially has been expected. In order to overcome the current low level of engagement, we suggest establishing a disposal fee system based on the objective estimation standard that applies residents’ burden to pay the disposal fee to public utility charges. According to the analysis, thorough periodic feedbacks on the meter-rate management system as well as policy supplement are necessary.

Volume reduction of radioactive combustible waste with Oxygen Enriched Incinerator

Min, Byung-Youn,Lee, Yoon-ji,Yun, Gyoung-Su,Lee, Ki-Won,Moon, Jei-Kwon Elsevier 2015 Annals of nuclear energy Vol.80 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>The aim of the paper is to describe the current status of management for the decommissioning of combustible waste in KAERI. In Korea, two decommissioning projects have been carried out due to the retiring of nuclear research facilities, i.e., the Korean research reactors (KRR-1 & KRR-2) and a uranium conversion plant (UCP). The decommissioning of KRR-2 and the uranium conversion plant (UCP) at KAERI were completely finished by 2011, whereas the decommissioning of KRR-1 is currently underway. For the purpose of a volume reduction of the combustible waste generated from the decommissioning projects, incineration technology has been selected for the treatment of combustible waste. About 16.4tons of combustible waste has been treating using Oxygen Enriched Incineration. The temperature; pressure of the major components; stack gas concentrations, i.e., SO<I> <SUB>x</SUB> </I>, NO<I> <SUB>x</SUB> </I>, CO, CO<SUB>2</SUB> and HCl; and residual oxygen were measured. The major parameters measured during normal operation were sustained at a stable status within criteria of the operation condition. Oxygen enriched air, 22vol.% (dry basis) was used for stable incineration. The volume reduction ratio achieved was about 1/65.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> Oxygen Enriched Incinerator. </LI> <LI> Decommissioning combustible waste. </LI> <LI> Volume reduction of radioactive waste. </LI> </UL> </P>

Waste Lime Earthwork Management Using Drone and BIM Technology for Construction Projects: The Case Study of Urban Development Project

이수민,배정열,Abubakar Sharafat,서종원 대한토목학회 2024 KSCE Journal of Civil Engineering Vol.28 No.2

Recently, there has been a recognized need to use waste lime landfills for land reclamation projects. Waste lime earthwork is more challenging than general earthwork operations due to potential health and safety hazards and significant changes in earthwork volume. There has been substantial research undertaken on the role of advanced construction technologies in general earthwork; however, their potential in hazardous waste lime environments for earthwork management is yet to be explored. This research proposes a methodology that integrates drone and BIM construction technology for effective and efficient hazardous waste lime earthwork management for construction projects. Drones are used for surveying, providing as-built information, and BIM to model, process, and evaluate the progress of waste lime earthwork. Volume change analyses are conducted using BIM to calculate dehydration time due to the ripple effect of waste lime for cost-efficient earthwork haulage. The case study provides evidence that the proposed method using advanced construction technologies improves productivity, safety, cost control, and better project management for earthwork related to hazardous waste materials.

한국 음식물쓰레기 종량제의 집행과 정책적 시사점 - 정책대상집단의 순응 요인 확보를 중심으로 -

박미옥 한국거버넌스학회 2015 한국거버넌스학회보 Vol.22 No.1

2010년 정부는 급증하고 있는 음식물쓰레기의 배출량을 억제하고 그 처리비용을 줄여서 기후변화 환경위기에 대응하고자 종량제를 추진, 3년여 기간의 시범사업을 거쳐 2013년 6월부터 전국 144개 시·구 지자체를 중심으로 ‘음식물쓰레기 종량제’ 를 전면실시하고 있다. 초기 RFID 방식에 의해 추진되었던 음식물쓰레기 종량제는 시범사업단계에서 약 30~40% 의 높은 감량효과를 보였으나 5년여의 시간이 경과된 지금 배출량 변화에 별다른 효과가 보이지 않는 것으로 조사되고 있다. 당초에 배출자부담원칙에 부담을 느낀 주민들이 물기제거나 과일껍질 및 야채쓰레기 등을 건조하는 등의 다양한 노력들을 기울여 왔으나 60~80원/1kg 의 배출비용이 저렴하여 감량화가 둔화되고 있는 것으로 분석되었다. 음식물쓰레기 종량제의 성공적 집행을 위해서는 지속적인 감량유인 제공을 통한 주민부담 가격현실화, 기반시설 구축과 운영에 대한 지방재정부담 완화, 배출자부담 제도의 도입 확대, RFID 개별계량방식 활성화 및 과학적 통계관리기능 강화 등이 정책대상집단의 순응확보 및 종량제의 문제해결 등을 중심으로 분석되었다. The Korean Government initiated a Volume-rate food waste disposal system nationwide starting June 1, 2013 after a three year demonstration project, for reducing the food waste and coping with Climate change and environmental crisis. Although the RFID system in early times contributed to reduce about 30∼40 percent of total food waste amount in 10 demonstration project local government, there has been an increase in amount of disposal food waste over time. The results find that residents at that first time had made efforts to reduce food waste through getting rid of the water from food waste and dried of the rind of fruits and vegetable wastes for concerning about a heavy cost burden on food waste emission, but they recognized there is little cost difference. The evidence indicates that food waste emission cost of eighty won per kilogram is too cheap to provide an economic incentive reducing food waste. This paper suggests that the Korean Government needs to take a comprehensive measure in order to reduce the growing amount of food waste successfully. Along with implementing the new system, the government also plans to conduct a national campaign aiming to improve Korean food culture. At the same time, It has to relieve local government financial burden for construction and operation of RFID facilities, to expand Polluters pay principle system, to activate private measuring method by RFID, and to strengthen the statistical and scientific RFID management function.

Bio-drying 공법 활용 공기 투입 및 예열에 따른 음식물류 폐기물 분해 특성 평가

박세용,이원배 유기성자원학회 2022 유기물자원화 Vol.30 No.4

In this study, the efficiency of treatment of moisture and organic matter in food waste was analyzed according to the air blast volume and preheating using the bio-drying method. Te mount of air blast volume and preheating were determined by the evaluation of temperature and CO2 during food waste treatment using the bio-drying method. As a results, the increase in the air blast volume increased the moisture removal efficiency and removal rate, but, lowered the temperature inside the bio-drying by the decease in microbial activity. In order to maintain the activity of microorganisms, it was estimated that it was necessary to inject an appropriate air blast rate according th the properties of the food waste. In this study, the injection of air blast volume at 15L/min was optimal. It was evaluated that the organic matter and water removal rates according to the presence or absence of air preheating, the organic matter removal rate and water removal rate increased by 3-5% when air preheating was not performed. Also, there was no internal aggregation caused by the generation of condensate inside the bio-drying. Therefore, for effective bio-drying of food waste, it is necessary to maintain an appropriate air blast volume to maintain microbial activity, and it is considered that injection through preheating of air is required. 본 연구에서는 Bio-drying 공법 활용한 공기 송풍량 및 예열에 따른 음식물류 폐기물의 수분 및 유기물의처리 효율에 대해 분석하였으며, 음식물류 폐기물 처리 시 온도, CO2의 평가를 통해 공기 송풍량 및 공기 예열이Bio-drying 공법의 미치는 영향에 대해 평가하였다. 그 결과 공기 송풍량의 증가는 수분 제거율 및 제거 속도가증가하는 결과를 미쳤지만, Bio-drying 내부 온도를 저하 시켜 미생물 활성도의 감소를 야기시켰다. 미생물의 활성도유지를 위해서는 음식물류 폐기물의 성상에 따른 적정 공기 송풍량을 주입하는 것이 필요할 것으로 판단되었으며, 본 연구에서는 15L/min으로 주입하였을 때가 최적이었다. 공기 예열 유무에 따른 유기물 및 수분 제거율을 평가한결과 공기 예열을 하였을 때가 하지 않았을 때에 비해 유기물 제거율 및 수분 제거율이 3~5% 가량 증가하는 결과를보였다. 또한 Bio-drying 내부에 응축수 발생에 의한 내부 뭉침 현상도 발견되지 않았다. 따라서, 음식물류 폐기물의효과적인 Bio-drying을 위해서는 미생물 활성도 유지를 위한 적정 송풍량을 유지 해야 하며, 공기 예열을 통한주입이 필요할 것으로 사료된다.