종단간 끊김없는 연결과 TCP 성능의 향상을 위한 무선 홈네트워크 플랫폼에 관한 연구

김병훈(Byounghoon Kim),탁성우(Sungwoo Tak) 한국멀티미디어학회 2007 멀티미디어학회논문지 Vol.10 No.10

인프라스트럭처 모드 기반의 무선랜(Wireless Local Area Networks)을 사용하는 무선 홈네트워크에서는 모든 무선 단말간의 통신이 액세스포인트를 통하여 이루어진다. 따라서 무선 단말이 음영 지역(Dead Zone)으로 이동하면 이동한 무선 단말과 액세스포인트간의 통신이 불가능하여 끊김없는 연결(Seamless Connection)을 제공하지 못하는 문제점이 있다. 기존의 무선 홈네트워크 플랫폼에서는 이러한 문제를 해결하기 위하여 애드 혹 모드로 동작하는 무선 홈네트워크 구조에 대하여 연구하고 있지만, 애드 혹 모드 기반의 무선랜은 인프라스트럭처 모드 기반 무선랜에 비하여 네트워크 용량이 제한되는 문제가 있다. 그리고 무선 단말의 이동성을 지원하기 위해서는 애드 혹 라우팅 기법이 필요하다. 그러나 기존의 AODV 및 DSR 라우팅 기법은 무선 채널 정보를 참조하지 않고 네트워크 계층에서 독립적으로 라우팅을 수행하기 때문에 무선 채널의 상황에 빠르게 대처할 수 없어 끊김없는 연결을 제공할 수 없다. 이에 본 논문에서는 종단간 끊김없는 데이터 전송을 보장하기 위한 ESCOD(End-to-end Seamless multi-hop COnnection based on Dual network mode) 기반의 무선 홈네트워크 플랫폼과 VLR(Virtual Link Routing) 기법을 제안하였다. 구현된 시스템의 성능을 평가한 결과, VLR을 탑재한 ESCOD 기반의 무선 홈네트워크 플랫폼은 기존의 AODV 및 DSR 라우팅 보다 낮은 패킷 전송의 실패율과 빠른 패킷의 평균 전송시간을 제공함과 동시에 기존 인프라스트럭처 모드만을 제공하는 무선 홈네트워크 플랫폼보다 넓은 통신 범위와 향상된 TCP 성능을 확인하였다. A wireless access point is used for all communications in the infrastructure mode wireless home net working, including communication between mobile nodes in the same service area. When a mobile station in the infrastructure mode wireless home networking moves into a dead zone, the communication between the mobile station and the access point is disconnected. To solve this problem, the existing wireless home network platforms focus on the ad hoc mode wireless home networking. However, the performance of an ad hoc network is poorly decreased when the number of mobile participating in the ad hoc network increases. In addition, although the ad hoc routing technique is necessary to support seamless communication of mobile nodes, the existing routing protocols, such as AODV and DSR, do not consider that a wireless channel state could affect performance significantly. Therefore, we propose a wireless home networking platform based on the ESCOD (End-to-end Seamless multi-hop COnnection based on Dual network mode) technique incorporating the VLR (Virtual Link Routing) scheme that supports end-to-end seamless connections. Extensive experiments show that the proposed wireless home networking platform incorporating the VLR scheme outperforms wireless home networking platforms based on the AODV and the DSR routing protocols respectively in terms of low packet transmission failure rate, fast packet transmission time, high TCP performance, and a wider coverage area of wireless home networks.

An Adaptive MAC Protocol for Wireless LANs

Amin Jamali,Seyed Mostafa Safavi Hemami,Mehdi Berenjkoub,Hossein Saidi 한국통신학회 2014 Journal of communications and networks Vol.16 No.3

This paper focuses on contention-based medium accesscontrol (MAC) protocols used in wireless local area networks. Wepropose a novelMAC protocol called adaptive backoff tuningMAC(ABTMAC) based on IEEE 802.11 distributed coordination function(DCF). In our proposed MAC protocol, we utilize a fixedtransmission attempt rate and each node dynamically adjusts itsbackoff window size considering the current network status. Wedetermined the appropriate transmission attempt rate for bothcases where the request-to-send/clear-to-send mechanism was andwas not employed. Robustness against performance degradationcaused by the difference between desired and actual values of theattempt rate parameter is considered when setting it. The performanceof the protocol is evaluated analytically and through simulations. These results indicate that a wireless network utilizing ABTMACperforms better than one using IEEE 802.11 DCF.

2.4/5 GHz 무선 LAN 액세스 포민트용 이중 공진 판형 안테나 설계 및 구현

이원규,손지명,한준희,양운근,Lee Won-Kew,Son Ji-Myoung,Han Jun-Hee,Yang Woon-Geun 한국전자파학회 2006 한국전자파학회논문지 Vol.17 No.5

본 논문에서는 2.4/5 GHz 이중 대역의 무선 LAN(Local Area Network) 액세스 포인트용으로 크기가 작고 가벼운 이중 공진 안테나를 제안한다. 무선 LAN용 안테나는 전방향성의 방사 패턴 특성을 보여야 한다. 먼저, 제안된 이중 공진 안테나는 전방향성의 방사 패턴을 얻기 위하여 중심에 직교 역삼각형 소자와 네 개의 공진 소자를 사방으로 위치시켰다. 또한, 중심에 직교 역삼각형 소자를 사용한 구조에서 제작이 용이하고 크기가 작은 안테나를 구성하기 위하여 중심 소자를 판형으로 변경하였다. 제안된 이중 공진 관형 안테나의 측정 결과 사용 주파수 대역에서 -12.8 dB 이하의 특성을 보였다. 이득 측정 결과 2.44 GHz에서 3.17 dBi, 5.77 GHz에서 5.38 dBi의 최대 이득을 나타내었으며 전방향성의 방사 패턴 특성을 보였다. 구현된 안테나는 무선 LAN의 액세스 포인트에 적용 가능한 성능을 나타내었다. In this paper, we present a small-sized and light weighted dual-band antenna for an access point of 2.4/5 GHz dual-band WLAN(Wireless Local Area Network). The antenna for WLAN should show the characteristic of omni-directional radiation pattern. First, to obtain the omni-directional radiation pattern the proposed dual-band antenna has an orthogonal inverted triangular type element at the center and locates four resonating elements symmetrically around it. Also, for the purpose of easy manufacturing and miniaturization of the antenna, we changed the central element which had the orthogonal inverted triangular type structure into the plate type. Measured $S_{11}$ for the proposed dual-band plate type antenna showed characteristic which was less then -12.8 dB for WLAN frequency bands. Measured results for the maximum gain showed 3.17 dBi at 2.44 GHz, 5.38 dBi at 5.77 GHz with omni-directional radiation pattern. The implemented antennas showed applicable performances for the access point of WLAN.

폴디드 구조와 단락 구조를 이용한 5 GHz 무선 랜용 광대역 패치 안테나 설계 및 구현

김용희,한준희,이원규,양운근,Kim Yong-Hee,Han Jun-Hee,Lee Won-Kew,Yang Woon-Geun 한국전자파학회 2006 한국전자파학회논문지 Vol.17 No.8

In this paper, we present a wideband patch antenna with folded and shorted structure for 5 GHz WLAN(Wireless Local Area Network). The proposed antenna used folded and shorted structure in the rectangular patch for miniaturization and wide frequency bandwidth. The antenna was designed by using 3D simulation program, HFSS(High Frequency Structure Simulator) software of the Ansoft company and the implemented antenna was measured by using HP 8720c network analyzer and far field measurement chamber. Simulation result on the return loss shows fairly good characteristic of at least 13.41dB in whole frequency range of interests, and the 10dB bandwidth is 1,523MHz which shows wide bandwidth characteristic. And the simulated maximum gain of the proposed antenna is 6.57 dBi at 5.825GHz. Measured result for the 10dB bandwidth of the implemented folded and shorted structure antenna is 1,377 MHz. Measured maximum gain of the implemented antenna is 6.87dBi at 5.775GHz. Measured results for the implemented antenna showed applicable performances for the 5 GHz WLAN. 본 논문에서는 폴디드 구조와 단락 구조를 이용한 5GHz WLAN(Wireless Local Area Network)용 광대역 패치 안테나를 제안한다 제안된 안테나는 소형화와 광대역화를 위해 사각 패치에 폴디드 구조와 단락 구조를 사용하였다. 3차원 전산 모의 실험 프로그램인 Ansoft사의 HFSS(High Frequency Structure Simulator)를 사용하여 안테나를 설계하였으며, 구현된 안테나는 HP 8720C 네트?p 분석 기 와 far field measurement chamber를 사용하여 측정하였다. 전산 모의 실험 결과 반사 손실은 전체 사용 주파수 대역에서 13.41dB 이상으로 비교적 양호한 특성을 나타내었으며, 10dB 대역폭은 1,523MHz로 광대역 특성을 나타내었다. 또한, 제안된 안테나의 최대 이득은 5.825 GHz에서 6.57dBi의 특성을 보였다. 구현된 폴디드-단락 구조 안테나의 반사 손실 측정 결과 10dB 대역폭은 1,377 MHz의 특성을 보였다. 구현된 안테나의 이득 측정 결과 5.775 GHz에서 6.87 dBi의 최대 이득을 나타내었다. 구현된 안테나는 5GHz WLAN에 적용 가능한 성능을 나타내었다.

Assessing Efficiency of Handoff Techniques for Acquiring Maximum Throughput into WLAN

Mohsin Shaikha,Irfan Tunio,Baqir Zardari,Abdul Aziz,Ahmed Ali,Muhammad Abrar Khan International Journal of Computer ScienceNetwork S 2023 International journal of computer science and netw Vol.23 No.4

When the mobile device moves from the coverage of one access point to the radio coverage of another access point it needs to maintain its connection with the current access point before it successfully discovers the new access point, this process is known as handoff. During handoff the acceptable delay a voice over IP application can bear is of 50ms whereas the delay on medium access control layer is high enough that goes up to 350-500ms. This research provides a suitable methodology on medium access control layer of the IEEE 802.11 network. The medium access control layer comprises of three phases, namely discovery, reauthentication and re-association. The discovery phase on medium access control layer takes up to 90% of the total handoff latency. The objective is to effectively reduce the delay for discovery phase to ensure a seamless handoff. The research proposes a scheme that reduces the handoff latency effectively by scanning channels prior to the actual handoff process starts and scans only the neighboring access points. Further, the proposed scheme enables the mobile device to scan first the channel on which it is currently operating so that the mobile device has to perform minimum number of channel switches. The results show that the mobile device finds out the new potential access point prior to the handoff execution hence the delay during discovery of a new access point is minimized effectively.

The Modified Backoff Algorithm to reduce the number of collisions in the IEEE 802.11 Networks

Nam, Jae-Hyun The Korea Institute of Information and Commucation 2008 Journal of information and communication convergen Vol.6 No.2

In recent years, wireless ad hoc networks have become increasingly popular in both military and civilian applications due to their capability of building networks without the need for a pre-existing infrastructure. Recently, IEEE 802.11 Task Group e has been working on a new mechanism, the Enhanced Distributed Coordination Function (EDCF), to enhance the performance of 802.11 DCF. However, EDCF only reduces the internal collisions within a station, and external collisions between stations remain high in ad-hoc networks. In this paper, we propose to adopt an adaptive backoff window control technique, based on a dynamic value of the initial value of the range in which the backoff is chosen, so the backoff timer is randomly chosen in the range (InitRng, CW-1). We use ns-2 simulation to evaluate the throughput of our scheme. Results show that the throughput is improved for our scheme compared to the original DCF due to the reduced the number of collisions.

A CMOS Frequency divider for 2.4/5GHz WLAN Applications with a Simplified Structure

Q. Yu,Y. Liu,X.P. Yu,W. M. Lim,F. Yang,X. L. Zhang,Y. Peng 대한전자공학회 2011 Journal of semiconductor technology and science Vol.11 No.4

In this paper, a dual-band integer-N frequency divider is proposed for 2.4/5.2 GHz multistandard wireless local area networks. It consists of a multi-modulus imbalance phase switching prescaler and two all-stage programmable counters. It is able to provide dual-band operation with high resolution while maintaining a low power consumption. This frequency divider is integrated with a 5 GHz VCO for multi-standard applications. Measurement results show that the VCO with frequency divider can work at 5.2 GHz with a total power consumption of 22 mW.

A CMOS Frequency divider for 2.4/5GHz WLAN Applications with a Simplified Structure

Yu, Q.,Liu, Y.,Yu, X.P.,Lim, W.M.,Yang, F.,Zhang, X.L.,Peng, Y. The Institute of Electronics and Information Engin 2011 Journal of semiconductor technology and science Vol.11 No.4

In this paper, a dual-band integer-N frequency divider is proposed for 2.4/5.2 GHz multi-standard wireless local area networks. It consists of a multi-modulus imbalance phase switching prescaler and two all-stage programmable counters. It is able to provide dual-band operation with high resolution while maintaining a low power consumption. This frequency divider is integrated with a 5 GHz VCO for multi-standard applications. Measurement results show that the VCO with frequency divider can work at 5.2 GHz with a total power consumption of 22 mW.

Wireless LAN with Medical-Grade QoS for E-Healthcare

Lee, Hyung-Ho,Park, Kyung-Joon,Ko, Young-Bae,Choi, Chong-Ho The Korea Institute of Information and Commucation 2011 Journal of communications and networks Vol.13 No.2

In this paper, we study the problem of how to design a medical-grade wireless local area network (WLAN) for healthcare facilities. First, unlike the IEEE 802.11e MAC, which categorizes traffic primarily by their delay constraints, we prioritize medical applications according to their medical urgency. Second, we propose a mechanism that can guarantee absolute priority to each traffic category, which is critical for medical-grade quality of service (QoS), while the conventional 802.11e MAC only provides relative priority to each traffic category. Based on absolute priority, we focus on the performance of real-time patient monitoring applications, and derive the optimal contention window size that can significantly improve the throughput performance. Finally, for proper performance evaluation from a medical viewpoint, we introduce the weighted diagnostic distortion (WDD) as a medical QoS metric to effectively measure the medical diagnosability by extracting the main diagnostic features of medical signal. Our simulation result shows that the proposed mechanism, together with medical categorization using absolute priority, can significantly improve the medical-grade QoS performance over the conventional IEEE 802.11e MAC.

Cross-Layer Resource Allocation Scheme for WLANs with Multipacket Reception

Lei Xu,Dazhuan Xu,Xiaofei Zhang,Shufang Xu 한국전자통신연구원 2011 ETRI Journal Vol.33 No.2

Tailored for wireless local area networks, the present paper proposes a cross-layer resource allocation scheme for multiple-input multiple-output orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing systems. Our cross-layer resource allocation scheme consists of three stages. Firstly, the condition of sharing the subchannel by more than one user is studied. Secondly, the subchannel allocation policy which depends on the data packets’ lengths and the admissible combination of users per subchannel is proposed. Finally, the bits and corresponding power are allocated to users based on a greedy algorithm and the data packets’ lengths. The analysis and simulation results demonstrate that our proposed scheme not only achieves significant improvement in system throughput and average packet delay compared with conventional schemes but also has low computational complexity.