Aspects of Assimilation in English

조형묵 한국언어연구학회 2012 언어학연구 Vol.17 No.1

The goal of this paper is to provide an account for the assimilation processes in English. To be specific, this paper attempts to explain the different application modes of assimilation in English within the framework of Optimality Theory and discusses the direction of assimilation. Assimilation in English can be divided into voicing assimilation and place assimilation. These two kinds of the assimilation processes show different applicability in level 1 and level 2. For instance, nasal place assimilation applies when level 1 affixes are attached to the stem. However, this rule does not apply when level 2 affixes are added. In the case of voicing assimilation, the sound in the stem changes in level 1, while the sound in the affix changes in level 2. This paper provides an account for the different application modes of assimilation in level 1 and level 2 with the slightly modified version of constraint IDWD proposed in Borowsky (2000). In addition, the explanation of the direction of assimilation is provided in terms of perception and psychological prominence

현대러시아어의 유성성 자질

최성호(Sung-ho Choi) 충북대학교 러시아 알타이지역 연구소 2012 러시아학 Vol.- No.8

This article first surveys the phenomena of voicing assimilation and devoicing in terms domain (morphological word and phonological word/phrase) and scope (within the scope of segment and in the segmental sequence), and then discusses the contrastive behavior between obstruents and non-obstruents with respect to voicing assimilation. Previous attempts at explaining the non-assimilative power of vowels and sonorants are critically examined. The non-obstruents have been suggested to have the voicing feature redundantly, so that their voicing feature do not trigger voicing assimilation during phonological processes. Instread this paper maintains that obstruents, rather than non-obstruents, are responsible for the lack of assimilation in the sequence of ‘obstruent+vowel/sonorant’, and argues that they have positional variants in terms of tensedness: Before obstruents, they are non-tensed, while before non-obstrents they are tensed. The paper concludes that voicing assimilation takes place because the target obstrents are non-tensed.

English Voicing Assimilation

박정희 대한영어영문학회 2009 영어영문학연구 Vol.35 No.4

This paper shows the explanation of English Voicing Assimilation by means of using the interaction with markedness constraints and faithfulness constraints within Optimality Theory. By using the binary obstruent voicing features, [+voice] and [-voice], as well as by changing the definition of AGREE into AGREE/σ we can explain the progressive and regressive assimilation. Also, we separate two levels of affixation: derivational affixes relating to regressive assimilation and inflectional affixes for progressive assimilation.

English Voicing Assimilation

( Park Jeong-hee ) 대한영어영문학회 2009 영어영문학연구 Vol.35 No.4

This paper shows the explanation of English Voicing Assimilation by means of using the interaction with markedness constraints and faithfulness constraints within Optimality Theory. By using the binary obstruent voicing features, [+voice] and [-voice], as well as by changing the definition of AGREE into AGREE/σ we can explain the progressive and regressive assimilation. Also, we separate two levels of affixation: derivational affixes relating to regressive assimilation and inflectional affixes for progressive assimilation. (Sogang University)

"조부 효과"와 동화의 유형적 차이 분석

김선회 한국언어학회 2008 언어 Vol.33 No.4

This paper analyzes the typology of assimilation (voicing assimilation and place assimilation), focusing on the 'grandfather effect' (McCarthy 2002, 2003a) observed in the case where the assimilation to marked structures is not allowed but the assimilation to unmarked structures is allowed. It recognizes that Hall (2007) accurately points out a flaw in McCarthy (2002, 2003a) where the typological difference in assimilation cannot be explained. This paper, however, shows that contrary to Hall's argument, the flaw has not been caused by the separation of markedness constraints, and proposes that IDENT(F) in McCarthy's analysis should be replaced with MAX(F) constraints. This proposal means that IDENT(voice) should be replaced with MAX(voice) in voicing assimilation and IDENT(place) should be replaced with the universally fixed constraint ranking MAX(dors), MAX(__cor) » MAX(lab) » MAX(cor), MAX(__lab|dors), which originates from Jun (1995), to retain the separation of markedness constraints. Further, this paper shows that the separation strategy of IDENT(F) also accounts for the grandfather effect cases in assimilation.

유성장애음소 설정을 통한 유성음 간 평장애음 유성음화 문제 해소

고영진 ( Ko Young-jin ) 한민족문화학회 2019 한민족문화연구 Vol.66 No.-

There is no acceptance on the existence of the voiced obstruent phonemes in Korean by almost all of the current and former studies. But voiced obstruents are uttered in the context of intervoiced in real Korean speeches. To explain the situation, scholars insist on the existence of the phonological phenomena that even though voiced obstruents are not existed as phonemes in Korean but uttered in the intervoicing context because of voicing assimilation. And the assertion is considered as a natural phonological process, since assimilating to adjacent sounds is normal and it becomes the evidence of the assertion. But in Korean, as there are some phonological phenomena not in line with or even reversal to the idea that intervoiced voiceless plain obstruents are voiced, the assertion has some problems. Even though ‘ㅅ’ is classified to voiceless plain obstruents in the system of Korean phoneme, it is not changed to a voiced sound in intervoiced context, the sounds neutralized to voiceless plain consonants at the end of a word are revived to their origin sounds of properties voiceless even though they are in the intervoiced context by adding vowel initial affixes and all of them prove ‘the intervoiced voiceless plain obstruents voicing rule’ in Korean has problem. And Korean speakers learning American English do not pronounce weak syllable intervoicing voiceless obstruents as voiced ones in their inter language of English and it is another one to contradict the rule. This study solves the problem by accepting Ko (2015) assertion that Korean has voiced obstruents as phoneme. So the voiced obstruents pronouncing in intervoced context are the sounds of origin without any change and the intervoiced context is not the trigger of any phonological changes in Korean. But we need one thing to explain the reason why voiced obstruents are pronounced as voiceless ones at the beginning and end of a word and the rule ‘voiced obstruents devoicing rule’ changing voiced obstruents to voiceless ones at the beginning and end of a word is the answer for that. And the rule is natural since voiced obstruents devoicing phenomena at the situations is normal in many languages and in phonetic idea of VOT and unexplosion of the obstruents at the end of a word stop moving airstream in the vocal track and not make possible to vibrate vocal folds.

The locus of exceptionality: morpheme-specific phonology as lexical specification

Jin-hyung Kim(김진형) 한국음운론학회 2006 음성·음운·형태론 연구 Vol.12 No.3

  This paper is to offer a more consistent analysis to the apparent asymmetry in directionality observed in the examples of English obstruent voicing assimilation: /leafz/ → lea[vz] vs. /belief-z/ → belie[fs]. Drawing on the question "why does the one and the same phonological process of voicing assimilation occur progressively in some cases and regressively in others?", this paper proposes that there is no difference in the direction of application of English obstruent voicing assimilation in sandhi environments: voicing assimilation occurs uniformly under the meta-ranking of FAITHSTEM ≫ FAITH-AFFIX. By exploiting the use of morpheme-specific lexical representations from the lexicon-oriented perspectives, both regular and exceptional assimilation patterns can be explained more consistently without resorting to any ad hoc stipulations of morpheme-specific constraints, morpheme-specific constraint rankings, or arbitrary input forms of the affix.

최적성이론에 의한 러시아어의 유무성동화 분석: 음운론과 형태론의 상관관계 측면에서의 고찰

구지현 ( Ку Жди Хён ) 한국외국어대학교 언어연구소 2003 언어와 언어학 Vol.0 No.31

в этой диссертации анализированы явления ассимилизации русского язлыка на основе теории оптимальности. Эта диссертация исследована на позиции Фонологии и МорФологии. В русском языке очень активно происходит явление ассимилизации. Вид ассимилизаций как следующее : 1) УниФикация звонких гласов или глухих гл асов, 2) УниФикация твёрдых согласных или мягких согласных, ``3) УниФикация СПОСОБа артикуляции или место артикуляции. В этой диссертации анализирована униФикация звонких гласов или глухих гласов. SPE линейная фонология ОБъясняет ассимилизацию нижеследующей юрмулой : [+vd] -> [-vd] / _ [-vd] или [-vd] -> [+vd] / _ [+vd]. Т акая ФОрмула не может ОБЪЯСНЯТЬ ассимилизации СПОСОБа артикуляции или место артикуляции. Потом начинался анализ автосегментной ФОнологией. В этой теории использовано знаковое дерево. На основе этого метода, мы MoJteM знать направление(правая или левая) и степень(полная или отдельная) ассимилизации. Но для цели этой диссертации(исследование на позиции ФОнологии и МОрФОлогии), автор ВЫБрал теорию оптимальности. Для анализла ассимилизации нужно несколько ограничений. Автор поставил самые основные ограничение ``AGREE(voice)`` и ограничение по верности ``ШЕNТ (voice)``. Кроме этого, для МОрФОлогических границ и Фразы с предлогами треБуЮТСЯ ограничение ``* ]voicing`` и ограничение ``р ARSE [М.С]`` , Ограничение ``AGREE (voice)`` значит ``в группе шумных согласных нужно соглашаться знак звонкость``. И ограничение ``ШЕNТ(vоiсе)`` значит ``сегменты ГЛУБИННОЙ ФОрмы и поверхностной ФОрмы должны иметь одинаковый знак звонкость``. Ограничение ``* ]voicing`` значит ``в границе MeJtny коренем и приставкой явления ассимилизации БЛокироваются``. Последнее ограничение ``PARSE[M.C], значит ``независимость МОрФОлогической категорией долJtна сохраняться во всяком случае``, В результате анализа, в ОБЫЧНОЙ группе шумных согласных иерархия ограничения так следующее : AGREE > > ШЕNТ(vоiсе). И в случае морОФОлогической границе иерархия ограничения определяются AGEE 》 ШЕNТ (voice) 》 *]voicing. В предложных Фразах иерархия ограничения так следующее AGEE > > illENT( voice) > > * ]voicing, Р ARSE[M.C]. в результате анализа мы Mo:teM знать, что самое сильное ограничение БЫЛО ``AGREE``. Ограничение ``AGREE`` имеет БОлее высокая иерархия, чем ограничение по верности и МОрФОлогические ограничения. Поэтому ФОнологическая ассимилизация происходит через границу МОрФОлогии. Эти результаты To:te показывают, что в ассимилизации русского языка ФОнологические элементы преОБладают над МОрФОлогическими элементами. И мы Mo:teM знать ещё, что самое явление ассимилизации происходит из-за того, что ограничение ``AGREE`` задер:tает другие ограничения.

영어의 유성성 동화현상 분석

이세창(Lee, Sechang) 한국언어학회 2013 언어 Vol.38 No.3

My purpose in writing this article is to bring to light certain insight into the natural directionality of voice assimilation in English. All available evidence seems to converge to show that different boundaries accompanied by affixes in different levels are responsible for determining the direction of voice assimilation. The idea is essentially due to Lexical Phonology in the sense of Kiparsky(1982, 1985). But I provide a deeper understanding of the nature of the phenomena. Linguistic systems strive toward a state of equilibrium. I assume that the presence of either primary or secondary affixes breaks a certain balanced state of the system and triggers the voice assimilation to reach the equilibrium again. Two different types of affixes trigger either regressive or progressive assimilation in voice. There are some apparent exceptions to this generalization. I claim that those apparent exceptions are attributed to the absence of the boundaries in question, which is intuitively convincing. The fundamental features of my analysis will be compared tableau by tableau with those of Kang(2002).

영어 유무성동화의 예외에 대한 비충실성 제약 기반 분석

김성아(Kim Sung-A) 한국영어학회 2006 영어학 Vol.6 No.2

The issue of how to deal with exceptions has long been the subject of phonological debates. One of well-known cases of exceptions can be found in English voicing assimilation. This paper aims to critically review the previous analyses of voicing assimilation in English (Lombardi 1999, Borowsky 2000, Lee & Lee 2001) and to provide a more general account for it based on the Anti-Faithfulness Constraint proposed by Alderete (2001). It is pointed out that previous analyses violate Richness of the Base in Optimality Theory and fail to explain exceptional forms. This paper argues that the use of Anti-Faithfulness-based account explains both regular and exceptional forms without resorting to additional stipulations such as conditions on the input base form and the morpheme-specific constraint re-ranking.