An Advanced Coding for Video Streaming System: Hardware and Software Video Coding

Tuan Thanh Le,류은석 한국인터넷정보학회 2020 인터넷정보학회논문지 Vol.21 No.4

Currently, High-efficient video coding (HEVC) has become the most promising video coding technology. However, the implementation of HEVC in video streaming systems is restricted by factors such as cost, design complexity, and compatibility with existing systems. While HEVC is considering deploying to various systems with different reached methods, H264/AVC can be one of the best choices for current video streaming systems. This paper presents an adaptive method for manipulating video streams using video coding on an integrated circuit (IC) designed with a private network processor. The proposed system allows to transfer multimedia data from cameras or other video sources to client. For this work, a series of video or audio packages from the video source are forwarded to the designed IC via HDMI cable, called Tx transmitter. The Tx processes input data into a real-time stream using its own protocol according to the Real-Time Transmission Protocol for both video and audio, then Tx transmits output packages to the video client though internet. The client includes hardware or software video/audio decoders to decode the received packages. Tx uses H264/AVC or HEVC video coding to encode video data, and its audio coding is PCM format. By handling the message exchanges between Tx and the client, the transmitted session can be set up quickly. Output results show that transmission's throughput can be achieved about 50 Mbps with approximately 80 msec latency.

인터넷 동영상 인게이지먼트가 인스트림 광고회피에 미치는 영향: 콘텐츠 유형에 따른 효과차이를 중심으로

정원식,윤성준,담약용 한국고객만족경영학회 2019 고객만족경영연구 Vol.21 No.4

The purpose of this study is to investigate Chinese Internet video users about their attitudes toward and their impact on in-stream advertising in Internet video. In addition, the effect difference between the Internet video interface and the in-stream advertising attitude and ad-hiding was identified depending on the type of content. According to the research, Hypothesis 1 defines how the degree of Internet video information in which users use Internet video affects the attitude of the in-stream advertisement in that Internet video. The analysis results showed that the p value was .133 and the variable was not significant at the significant level. Hypothesis 2's in-stream advertising attitude has a significant effect on an in-stream advertising hedge. The results showed that the in-stream advertising attitude has a significant negative (-) effect on the in-stream advertising hedging. In cases where users have a good attitude toward in-stream advertising from Internet video clips, less ad-hiding behavior has occurred for in-stream advertising has occurred. Therefore, Hypothesis 2 was adopted. Hypothesis 2a confirmed that the degree of in-stream advertising to skip from the in-stream advertising attitude to the extent of the in-stream ad-happiness is different from those to the extent of which the in-stream advertising And we found that in the case of in-stream ads that could skip over in-stream ads that could not be skipped, there were more actions of in-stream ad hedging. Thus, Hypothesis 2a was adopted. Whether the Internet video of Hypothesis 3 has a significant effect on an in-stream advertising hedge has been identified. The results showed that Internet video content has a significant positive effect on ad hedging. It is said that when the user has a higher level of interest in the Internet video, he or she is more likely to avoid the in-stream ads from the video. Therefore, Hypothesis 3 was adopted. Hypothesis 4 validated the medium effect of the in-stream advertising attitude in the relationship between the internet video audience and the in-stream advertising hedging. As a result of the Sobel test, the mediating effect of the in-stream advertising attitude in the relationship between the Internet video audience and the in-stream advertising hedge was 4.7473, which was greater than 1.96, showing statistically significant results under the significant level of 0.05 . Therefore, Hypothesis 4 was adopted. Hypothesis 5 identified how Internet video aggregations for seven types of movies, genre drawings, news, education, physical education, dramas, and other types of content affect the attitude of the in-stream advertising. As a result, there is only one significant variable in physical education and cannot be compared between variables. Internet video content for six types of content, including movies, genre drawings, news, education, drama, and other types of content, did not have a significant impact on the mainstream advertising attitude. Hypothesis 6 identified how Internet video aggregations for seven types of movies, genre drawings, news, education, physical education, dramas and other types of content affect in-stream ad-happiness The results showed that the variables for the final four types of content were not significant. And three variables - movie, physical education and drama - were found to have had a significant impact. Looking at the order of influence, it appeared in the order of physical education, drama, and film. In other words, it was confirmed that the impact of Internet video content on an in-stream ad hedging will vary depending on the type of content. And among the types of content, Internet video on physical education has a greater impact on the in-stream ad-happiness. Thus, Hypothesis 5 was adopted. 본 연구는 중국 인터넷 동영상 이용자들을 대상으로 인터넷 동영상에 선제적으로 등장하는 인스트림 광고에 대한 태도 및 인스트림 광고회피에 미치는 영향에 대해 조사할 목적을 가진다. 또한 콘텐츠 유형에 따른 인터넷 동영상 인게이지먼트와 인스트림 광고태도 및 광고회피의 관계에 있어서의 효과차이를 규명하였다. 연구결과에 따르면 인스트림 광고태도는 인스트림 광고회피에 유의한 부(-)의 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 또한 인스트림 광고태도는 건너뛸 수 없는 광고와 건너뛸 수 있는 광고는 인스트림 광고회피 정도에 있어서 차이가 있는 것을 확인하였다. 그리고 인터넷 동영상 인게이지먼트가 광고회피에 유의한 정(+)의 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 마지막으로 인터넷 동영상 인게이지먼트가 인스트림 광고회피에 미치는 영향은 콘텐츠 유형에 따라 달라진다는 것을 확인하였다.

인터넷 스트리밍 서비스를 위한 요청 기반 비디오 프록시 서버 관리 기법의 설계

이준표(Jun-Pyo Lee),조철영(Chul-Young Cho),이종순(Jong-Soon Lee),김태영(Tae-Yeong Kim),권철희(Cheol-Hee Kwon) 한국컴퓨터정보학회 2010 韓國컴퓨터情報學會論文誌 Vol.15 No.6

비디오 프록시 서버의 저장장치는 원격지의 주 서버의 저장 공간에 비해 비교적 제한된 비디오 저장 공간을 가진다. 따라서 오랜 시간동안 사용자에 의해 요청되지 않은 데이터를 저장장치로부터 제거하고 새롭게 요청된 비디오를 해당 공간에 저장하는 비디오 데이터 교환은 빈번하게 발생된다. 이를 위해 본 논문에서는 비디오 프록시 서버의 저장장치 저장 공간에서 요청될 가능성이 가장 낮은 비디오를 선정하고 제거하는 효율적인 데이터 교환 방법과 데이터교환 빈도수를 효과적으로 감소시키기 위한 요청 패턴 기반 비디오 프록시 서버 관리 기법을 제안한다. 제안하는 기법을 위해 비디오프록시 서버의 메모리가 활용된다. 기존의사용자에 의해 요청되어 메모리에 적재된 비디오의 세그먼트를 새로운 사용자가 요청하여 소비할 경우 해당 세그먼트는 메모리에 지속적으로 상주하게 된다. 메모리에 상주하는 비디오는 사용자들의 요청 패턴에 따라 비디오 프록시 서버의 저장 공간에 저장된다. 실험을 통해 제안하는 알고리즘이 기존의 알고리즘 보다 높은 패킷 적중률과 보다 적은 패킷 교환 횟수를 보인다는 것을 확인한다. Due to the limited storage space in video proxy server, it is often required to replace the old video data which is not serviced for long time with the newly requested video. This replacement causes the service delay and increase of network traffic. To circumvent this problem, we propose the an efficient replacement scheme in a video proxy server. In addition, we present a video data management technique for decreasing the number of replacement in video proxy server. For this purpose, we employ a memory in video proxy server. If the video segment which is loaded in memory is requested once again by a different user, this segment is resided in memory. The video in the memory is stored in the video proxy server depending on the consuming pattern by users. The simulation results show that the proposed algorithm performs better than other algorithms in terms of packet hit rate and number of packet replacement.

한정된 자원 환경에서의 주문형 비디오 스트리밍 서비스를 위한 효율적인 인센티브 메커니즘

신규용(Kyuyong Shin),이종덕(Jongdeog Lee),신진희(Jinhee Shin),박찬진(Chanjin Park) 한국컴퓨터정보학회 2013 韓國컴퓨터情報學會論文誌 Vol.18 No.4

과거에는 단순한 파일 공유 어플리케이션들이 인터넷 트래픽의 가장 큰 비중을 차지하고 있었지만 현재는 실시간 스트리밍을 포함한 비디오 어플리케이션들이 그 자리를 대체하고 있다. 이에 따라 협조적 분산 환경을 지원하는 피투피 (P2P) 어플리케이션들의 패러다임도 비디오 스트리밍을 지원하는 방향으로변화하고 있다. 현재 비디오 스트리밍을 지원하는 피투피 방식들은 대부분 구협이 쉽고 스트리밍 어플리케이션으로의 전환이 용이한 비토렌트 (BitTorrent)를 기반하고 있다. 하지만 비토렌트 기반의 비디오 스트리밍방식들은 무임승차에 취약한 비토렌트의 특성을 그대로 반영하기 때문에 무임승차에 의해 시스템 자원이 부족한 상황에서는 제대로 동작하지 않는 단점이 있다. 따라서 본 논문에서는 비토렌트 기반의 비디오 스트리밍 방식들의 무임승차에 대한 취약성을 분석하고, 기존 방식들에 대한 대안으로 (협조적 분산 환경 하에서 협동을 강제하기 위해 개발되었던) T-Chain의 적용 가능성에 대해 검토한다. 시뮬레이션 결과 T-Chain을 기반으로 한 비디오 스트리밍 방식인 S-TChain의 경우 부족한 자원환경에서 비토렌트 기반의 다른 방법들에 비해 평균 60% 이상의 향상된 성능을 보였다. Recently the ratio of the Internet traffic generated by video streaming applications including video-on-demand (VOD) is getting higher and higher, while P2P-based naive content distribution has been the main source of the Internet traffic in the past. As a result, the paradigm of cooperatively distributed systems (e.g., P2P) is changing to support streaming applications. Most P2P assisted approaches for video streaming today are based on Bit Torrent thanks to its simplicity of implementation and easy adaptability. They, however, have immanent vulnerability to free-riding inherited from Bit Torrent, which inevitably hurts their performance under limited system resources with free-riding. This paper studies the weakness to free-riding of existing Bit Torrent-based video streaming applications and investigates the adaptability of T-Chain (which was originally designed to prevent free-riding in cooperatively distributed systems) to video streaming applications. Our experiment results show that the video streaming approach based on T-Chain outperforms most existing Bit Torrent-based ones by 60% on average under limited system resources with free-riding.

효율적인 비디오 스트리밍을 위한 일시적인 확장성을 이용한 품질 적응 기법

이선헌(Sunhun Lee),정광수(Kwangsue Chung) 한국정보과학회 2007 정보과학회논문지 : 정보통신 Vol.34 No.3

인터넷을 통한 비디오 스트리밍 응용에서 TCP 친화적인 전송률 조절기법은 네트워크의 안정성을 향상시키고 프로토콜간의 형평성을 향상시킨다는 장점을 가진다. 하지만, 네트워크의 안정성 및 프로토콜간의 형평성 향상이 사용자에게 제공되는 스트리밍 서비스 품질의 향상을 의미하진 않는다. 비디오 스트리밍에서 네트워크의 안정성 향상과 동시에 사용자에게 제공되는 서비스 품질의 향상을 위해서는 네트워크 상태를 기반으로, 서비스되는 비디오 스트림의 품질을 적응적으로 변화시키는 기법이 적용되어야 한다. 본 논문에서는 현재 네트워크의 상태를 기반으로 서비스되는 비디오 스트림의 품질을 조절하는 새로운 품질 적응 기법을 제안하고자 한다. 제안하는 기법은 현재 네트워크 상태에 적합한 TCP 친화적인 전송률을 계산하고, 이를 기반으로 전송되는 비디오 스트림의 프레임율을 조절함으로써 네트워크 상태에 적응적으로 전송률 및 서비스 품질을 조절하게 된다. 실험 결과를 통해서 제안하는 기법이 네트워크의 안정성을 향상시킴과 동시에 네트워크 상태 적응적인 품질 변화를 통해 사용자에게 끊김없이 부드러운 스트리밍 서비스를 제공할 수 있음을 확인할 수 있었다. In video streaming applications over the Internet, TCP-friendly rate control schemes are useful for improving network stability and inter-protocol fairness. However it does not always guarantee a smooth quality for video streaming. To simultaneously satisfy both the network and application requirements, video streaming applications should be quality-adaptive. In this paper, we propose a new quality adaptation mechanism to adjust the quality of congestion controlled video stream by controlling the frame rate. Based on the current network condition, it controls the frame rate and sending rate of video stream. Through the simulation, we prove that our adaptation mechanism appropriately adjusts the quality of video stream while improving network stability.

Cost-Efficient Framework for Mobile Video Streaming using Multi-Path TCP

임연섭 한국인터넷정보학회 2022 KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Syst Vol.16 No.4

Video streaming has become one of the most popular applications for mobile devices. The network bandwidth required for video streaming continues to exponentially increase as video quality increases and the user base grows. Multi-Path TCP (MPTCP), which allows devices to communicate simultaneously through multiple network interfaces, is one of the solutions for providing robust and reliable streaming of such high-definition video. However, mobile video streaming over MPTCP raises new concerns, e.g., power consumption and cellular data usage, since mobile device resources are constrained, and users prefer to minimize such costs. In this work, we propose a mobile video streaming framework over MPTCP (mDASH) to reduce the costs of energy and cellular data usage while preserving feasible streaming quality. Our evaluation results show that by utilizing knowledge about video behavior, mDASH can reduce energy consumption by up to around 20%, and cellular usage by 15% points, with minimal quality degradation.

Resource-aware and quality-fair video-streaming using multiple adaptive TCP connections

Jung, Young H.,Choe, Yoonsik Elsevier 2010 Computers & electrical engineering Vol.36 No.4

<P><B>Abstract</B></P><P>In this paper, we present a resource-aware and quality-fair video content sharing system. When a video sharing server has insufficient uplink bandwidth and needs to serve multiple video content sharing services via streaming or downloading to other client peers using TCP transport, each service shares the limited uplink bandwidth equitably, due to the fair sharing characteristics inherent in TCP. However this bandwidth fair sharing cannot always guarantee quality fairness among the services, due to the specific requirements for video-streaming services, such as the playout rate and the size of the playout buffer. In our system, the server uses multiple TCP connections adaptively, depending on the anticipated status of each client playout buffer, to guarantee the bandwidth of each video-streaming session. By guaranteeing the quality of each video-streaming session, without the quality loss of other service sessions, the proposed system can successfully achieve service quality fairness. Simulation results show that our proposed algorithm can dramatically enhance the quality of each streaming session and thus provide service quality fairness among simultaneous multiple heterogeneous video-streaming services and content download services.</P>

Cross-layer Design of Rate and Quality Adaptation Schemes for Wireless Video Streaming

( Sunhun Lee ),( Kwangsue Chung ) 한국인터넷정보학회 2010 KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Syst Vol.4 No.3

Video streaming service over wireless networks is a challenging task because of the changes in the wireless channel conditions that can occur due to interference, fading, and station mobility. To provide an efficient wireless video streaming service, the rate adaptation scheme should improve wireless node performance and channel utilization. Moreover, the quality adaptation scheme should be considered at the streaming application. To meet these requirements, we propose a new cross-layer design for video streaming over wireless networks. This design includes the rate and quality adaptation schemes. The rate adaptation scheme selects the optimal transmission mode and resolves the performance anomaly problem. Based on performance improvement by the proposed rate adaptation scheme, our quality adaptation scheme improves the quality of video streaming. Through performance evaluations, we prove that our cross-layer design improves the wireless channel utilization and the quality of video streaming.

비디오 스트리밍 서비스를 위한 지연경향 기반의 전송률 조절 기법

박정현(Junghyun Park),정광수(Kwangsue Chung) 한국정보과학회 2012 정보과학회논문지 : 정보통신 Vol.39 No.6

통신 기술과 사용자 단말기의 발달로 비디오 스트리밍 서비스에 대한 사용자의 관심과 수요가 증가하고 있다. 이에 따라 비디오 스트리밍 서비스의 품질을 향상시키기 위한 전송률 조절 기법이 연구되고 있다. 그러나 기존의 전송률 조절 기법은 패킷 손실을 기반으로 네트워크 상태를 인지하고 전송률을 조절하기 때문에 패킷 손실에 의한 비디오 화질 열화를 발생시키는 문제점을 가지고 있다. 이를 해결하기위해 본 논문에서는 네트워크의 지연경향을 기반으로 비디오 스트리밍의 전송률을 조절하는 기법을 제안한다. 제안하는 기법은 패킷 손실이 발생하기 전에 네트워크의 지연경향을 기반으로 네트워크의 혼잡상태를 판단하고 비디오 스트리밍의 전송률을 조절함으로써 패킷 손실을 줄여 비디오 화질 열화를 예방한다. 실험을 통하여 제안하는 전송률 조절 기법이 적은 패킷 손실을 발생시켜 스트리밍 품질을 향상시키는 것 을 확인하였다. Due to the development of handheld devices and communication technology, interests and demands for various forms of video streaming services have been increasing. Thus, the rate control schemes are studied to improve the quality of video streaming service. However, previous rate control schemes aware network status based on packet losses. These packet losses degrade the quality of video streaming. In this paper, we propose a delay trend-based rate control scheme to improve the quality of streaming by reducing packet losses. The proposed scheme reduces the packet losses by adjusting the transmission rate based on the network delay trend before a packet loss occurs. Through the simulation results, we prove that our scheme improves the quality of video streaming by causing less packet losses.

Evaluation on Inner-priority and Cross-class Priority based Multiple Video Streaming under DiffServ Architecture

Zheng Wan 보안공학연구지원센터 2015 International Journal of Future Generation Communi Vol.8 No.4

Since both video compressing rate and network bandwidth keep increasing continuously, more and more video applications emerged. Although DiffServ (Differentiated services) is a simple and effective architecture to ensure quality of service for simultaneously transmitted video and data streams, it is not suitable for multiple video streaming. In this paper we evaluate the performance of multiple video streaming using standard DiffServ architecture and two priority based enhanced schemes (named IP based scheme and CCP based scheme). Simulation results show that (1) IP based scheme outperforms CCP based scheme and standard DiffServ. (2) WRR and WIRR scheduling modes are suggested to be adopted. The higher the data rate of a video is, the larger the weight of that video should be set to. (3) RED parameters for different queues should be carefully set according to the available bandwidth for video streams, and the data rates and coding structures of different videos.