고령자 교통범죄 예방을 위한 법제연구

선은애 한국토지공법학회 2024 土地公法硏究 Vol.107 No.-

국문초록 경찰청 통계에 따르면 고령자 교통범죄 중 교통사고 범죄는 2021년 31,841건이었으나 2022년에는 8.8%가 증가한 34,652건이었다. 교통사고 범죄로 인한 사망자는 2021년에는 사망자가 709명이었으며, 부상자는 44,713명이었으나 2022년에는 전년 대비 사망자가 3.7% 증가하여 735명이며 부상자는 10.2% 증가한 49,291명으로 나타났다.경찰청(https://www.police.go.kr/www/open/publice/publice2022_0401.jsp,“경찰접수 교통사고 현황”, 2023년 교통사고 통계, 108면. (최종검색일 :2024. 7. 31) 이는 교통사고 범죄 중 경찰접수 교통사고 현황 건수이며 2021년에 비해 사고 건수의 증가, 사망 및 부상자의 증가 추세로 나타났다. 교통범죄 중 경찰에 접수되지 않는 교통사고도 있다는 점에서 실제 현황은 더 많을 것으로 추정된다. 고령 인구의 증가에 따른 고령자의 교통범죄는 계속적으로 증가할 수 밖에 없는 상황이며 교통범죄의 예방을 위한 법률적 검토와 더불어 정책적 개선방안이 필요함에도 불구하고 그동안 고령자의 이동권 편익과 평등권의 측면에서 실효성 있는 정책을 모색하는데 한계가 있었다. 고령자의 교통범죄가 증가할 수 밖에 없는 상황에서 이에 대한 예방을 위해서는 첫째, 고령자 교통범죄에 대한 이론적 검토를 바탕으로 현재 자치법규로만 규정되어 있는 고령자 교통사고 예방을 위한 조례에 대한 근거법인 고령자의 교통범죄 예방을 위한 통합법 제정을 통해 교통범죄를 명확하게 명시하고 고령자의 교통범죄 예방에 대한 국가 및 지방자치단체의 책임을 규정하며 획일화된 법령에 따른 고령자의 교통사고 범죄를 미리 예방하고 지원하여 교통범죄에 대비할 수 있도록 하여야 한다. 고령자 교통범죄를 예방을 위해서 첫째, 자치법규로 규정이 되어 있는 고령자 교통사고 범죄 예방을 위한 통합 법령 제정을 통해 교통범죄를 명확히 하고 고령자의 교통범죄 예방에 대한 국가 및 지방자치단체의 책임을 규정하고 획일화된 법령에 의해 고령자의 교통범죄를 미리 예방하고 지원하며 교통사고 범죄 발생에 대한 대비할 수 있도록 하여야 한다. 둘째, 실질적으로 65세 이상-74세까지가 전체 고령자 교통사고 건수의 77% 이상을 차지하고 있는 바, 「도로교통법」 제73조 제5항의 개정을 통해 현재 운전면허의 갱신 전 의무교육의 대상자의 연령을 75세에서 65세로 하향함으로서 고령자 교통사고 범죄를 예방하고 교통사고 범죄의 사고 건수를 줄이는데 있어 실질적 효과를 거두어야 할 것이다. 셋째, 고령자 면허취득·갱신시 의료보고 의무화 제도 도입함으로서 고령자의 운전능력을 판단할 수 있는 의료 전문가의 소견이나 검진 결과의 필수적인 제출을 통해 고령자의 교통사고 범죄 예방을 위한 실질적인 방안을 마련하여야 한다. 넷째, 생체정보를 활용한 제어장치 개발에 따른 지원 및 운전자 특성에 맞는 위험성 인식 프로그램의 개발이 요구된다. 마지막으로 2020년부터 시행하고 있는 고령자 면허반납에 따른 지원을 법·제도적 측면에서 보완하여 실효성 있는 제도로 안착할 수 있도록 하여야 할 것이다. 이를 통해 고령자 교통사고 범죄 예방에 대한 실효성을 확보함으로서 교통사고 범죄가 일어나지 않도록 하여 안전한 사회에 도달하게 될 것이다. Abstract According to the National Police Agency statistics, the traffic accident crimes stood at 31,841 cases in 2021 among the elderly traffic crimes, but amounted to 34,652 cases up by 8.8% in 2022. The number of deaths caused by a car accident crime came to 709 fatalities in 2021. The injured reached 44,713 people. But in 2022, the dead increased by 3.7% year-on-year, thereby having been 735 people. And the wounded appeared to be 49,291 people up by 10.2%. This corresponds to the number of traffic accidents received by the police out of traffic accident crimes and was indicated to be a trend of an increase in number of accidents and in number of deaths and injuries compared to 2021. The actual situation is estimated to be more likely with regard to what there are also car accidents that are not reported to the police out of traffic crimes. The elderly traffic crime according to a rise in elderly population is in a situation that has no choice but to grow. In order to prevent a traffic crime, there is a need for the policy improvement measures along with a legal review. Nevertheless, there has been a limit to pursuing effective policies so far regarding the elderly's right-of-movement benefits and equal rights. To curb this in a situation that the elderly traffic crime cannot help mounting, first, there is a need to possibly get ready for a traffic crime by clearly specifying a traffic crime through enacting the Convergence Law for the prevention of traffic crimes among the elderly as the applicable Act pertinent to the municipal ordinance for the elderly traffic accident prevention, which is now stipulated only by local government regulations, based on a theoretical review of the elderly traffic crimes, by prescribing the responsibility of the State and local governments for the prevention of traffic crimes among elderly people, and by preventing and supporting the traffic accident crimes of the elderly beforehand in accordance with the standardized laws and ordinances. Second, the elderly aged over 65 to 74 years account for more than 77% of the total number of accidents. Thus, there will be a need to have a substantial effect on preventing the elderly traffic accident crimes and reducing the number of accidents in traffic accident crimes by lowering the age of those who are subject to compulsory education from 75 to 65 years old before the renewal of their current driver's license, through amending Article 73, Clause 5 of 「Road Traffic Act」. Third, by introducing a mandatory medical reporting system for acquiring and renewing a license for the elderly, practical measures should be prepared to prevent traffic accident crimes for the elderly by submitting medical expert findings or examination results that can determine the driving ability of the elderly. Fourth, it is required to support the development of a control device using biometric information and to develop a risk recognition program suitable for driver characteristics. Finally, there will be a need to establish an effective system by supplementing the legal and institutional aspects of a support for the return of the elderly’s license, which has been in effect since 2020. Through this, the security of effectiveness on the prevention of the elderly traffic accident crimes will lead to curbing the occurrence of traffic accident crimes, resulting in probably reaching a safe society.

교통범죄 비범죄화에 관한 소고

박성철,이존걸 사단법인 한국법이론실무학회 2025 법률실무연구 Vol.13 No.2

단순한 교통사고로 인해 전과자가 된다면 사회생활을 하는데 여러 가지 제약을 받을 뿐만 아니라 경제적으로나 가정적으로 불안하게 될 것이다. 또한 과실에 의한 수많은 교통사고의 범죄화는 형사사법기관의 과중한 업무로 인해 소송경제적 관점에서 많은 비용을 발생시키게 된다. 따라서 시민생활을 지속적으로 유지하게 하고, 생활의 편의를 도모하기 위하여 교통범죄를 비범죄화해야 할 필요성이 있다. 이에 따라 경미한 교통질서위반행위의 경우는 현행 범칙금 규정보다는 과태료 처분으로 처리하는 것이 바람직하다. 「교통사고처리특례법」 제3조제2항의 12개의 예외에 해당하는 아주 중대한 교통질서위반행위가 있는데, 이러한 위반행위는 교통사고에 이르지는 않았지만 교통사고를 발생시킬 가능성이 매우 높은 행위들이다. 특히 음주운전, 무면허운전, 어린이보호구역위반과 같은 행위는 교통사고로 이어질 가능성이 높을 뿐만 아니라 그 피해의 정도도 다양하고 중대할 수 있다. 따라서 교통사고가 발생하지 않은 중한 교통질서위반행위의 경우는 장래 교통사고 예방적 차원에서 행정처분을 하고 수강명령, 사회봉사명령 및 치료감호처분 등 보호관찰처분을 부과할 필요가 있다. 그리고 인명피해가 발생한 대인교통범죄는 인명피해의 정도에 따라 경상과 중상으로 나누어 경상의 경우는 합의나 보험에 가입하였다면 원칙적으로는 비범죄화를 우선하고, 중상이나 사망의 인명피해를 야기한 경우는 현행과 같이 형사처벌하는 것이 바람직하다. 물론 이들 역시 보호관찰처분은 필수적이다. Driving is essential in modern life. Most road traffic accidents do not violate social or ethical values. Traffic accidents are not intentional incidents that occur in our daily lives like ordinary crimes. Traffic accidents are simple violations of order or negligent acts due to carelessness. Decriminalizing traffic accidents can reduce various costs by reducing the workload of the judicial authorities. Therefore, traffic accidents should be decriminalized in order to maintain citizens’ lives and promote convenience, rather than making numerous people into criminals due to traffic accidents, causing various disruptions in social life, and causing economic and family instability, thereby impoverishing citizens’ lives. It is reasonable to regulate traffic violations as administrative violations of order, not crimes. Serious traffic violations should be subject to administrative measures, and orders to attend classes, community service, and treatment should be imposed. In addition, traffic crimes that cause casualties of minor magnitude are, in principle, decriminalized if an agreement or insurance is signed. It is also desirable to apply criminal sanctions as is currently the case for traffic crimes that cause casualties of serious injury or death.

특가법상 도주죄에 있어서의 구호의무

황일호(Il Ho Hwang) 중앙법학회 2009 中央法學 Vol.11 No.3

The crime of hit and run driving is a crime which is stipulated under heavy punishment against the hit and run driver in traffic accident in view of difficulty of investigation and high level of criticism on it. It is quite clear that pertinent driver is under obligation to render assistance to the victim in the Crime of Fleeing without Rendering Assistance on the The Road Traffic Act which is element of constituting crime of hit and run driving under The Extraordinary Criminal Act for Heavy Punishment on Some Crimes. However regarding other required actions it is stipulating comprehensively thus specific fact is entrusted to theory of interpretation. In the crime of hit and run driving under the Extraordinary Criminal Act for Heavy Punishment on Some Crimes it is stipulated as `when the pertinent driver fled without performing duty of rendering assistance provided in Clause 1, Art. 54 of the Road Traffic Act.` Thus over the concept of fleeing there is a room of controversy of interpretation on whether or not it is sufficient when simply duty for stopping the car and rendering assistance was carried out or it is necessary to carry out duty of identification by the pertinent driver as decided in the precedent of the Supreme Court. It seemed that Supreme Court`s decision not recognizing the crime of hit and run driving under the Extraordinary Criminal Act for Heavy Punishment on Some Crimes in case of light traffic accidents in no need of assistance by relenting strict law application in the earlier stage is reasonable. However Supreme Court`s including duty of identification in the contents of rendering assistance by the driver involved in the accident has not legal basis and it is contrary to interest protected by law and purpose enactment of Extraordinary Crime Act for Heavy Punishment on Some Crimes and also against principle in the Constitutional Law prohibiting of making disadvantageous statement against oneself and also against guaranteeing right to remain silent under Criminal Proceedings Act. Accordingly it is necessary to change Supreme Court`s precedent of punishing hit and run driver who failed to carry out duty of identification under the Extraordinary Criminal Act for Heavy Punishment on Some Crimes in a manner of focusing more on protecting life and body of the victim of traffic accident which is purpose aimed by the law on crime of hit and run driving under the Extraordinary Act on Heavy Punishment on Some Crimes as early as possible.

일본 위험운전치사상죄의 개정현황과 그 시사점

김연주 ( Kim Yeon-joo ) 단국대학교 법학연구소 2017 법학논총 Vol.41 No.3

The development of transportation, which served as a driving force for economic development along with the development of modern industrial technology, improved the convenience of our lives but exposed us to the danger of becoming victims or perpetrators in traffic accidents. Among the traffic crimes, the most prevalent is related to driving under the influence of alcohol or drugs. The influence of drinking and drugs lowers the cognitive ability, leading to more serious results in accidents. Accordingly, to strictly handle the accidents resulting from drunk driving, the Korean government established the crime of fatal driving style, Article 5 Section 11 of Additional Punishment Law on Specific Crimes in 2007. Prior to Korea, Japan had already established a provision for the crime of fatal driving in Article 208 Section 2 of the criminal code in 2001, and the Act on the Punishment of Fatal Driving was established in November 2013 and was enacted on May 20, 2014. With the influence of Japan’s crime of fatal driving, Korea uses the term ‘fatal driving’ as Japan but regulates only driving under the influence of alcohol and drugs. With the use of the term ‘fatal’, the Korean act is incomprehensive compared to Japanese law, which includes various types of crimes. Rather than taking the typical Japanese way of pursuing stability and being careful in making changes, the law was pushed forward hurriedly by public opinion so there is a concern that it may lead to frequent revisions due to maladjustment and side effects. Therefore, this would be something that should be considered in applying the Korean act on the crime of fatal driving style. In other words, it seems necessary to discuss the effectiveness and application of Korea’s crime of fatal driving style. Despite the word ‘fatal’, the crime of fatal driving style only includes the influence of alcohol and drugs. In addition, crimes related to traffic laws such as the crime of fatal driving style and drunken driving are different from each other but the newly made provisions are from the laws that are seen in Japan’s crime of fatal driving style. This can also serve as a factor to fade the meaning of the crime of fatal driving style and impair its effectiveness. Therefore, in order to effectively and rationally cope with accidents caused by risky driving, it would be appropriate to have a more fundamental and thorough examination and in-depth discussion of the crime of fatal driving style.

노인교통범죄 추이분석과 대책방안

박숙완 ( Park Suk-wan ) 경상대학교 법학연구소 2017 법학연구 Vol.25 No.4

In the case of the elderly traffic crime, from the violation of minor order to the serious infringement of life and body of others, the damage may occur not only to a specific individual but also to place, time, Traffic crime has reached a very serious level of damage. As a result, elderly traffic accidents have become serious social problems due to the elderly traffic accidents. However, elderly people live life with physical, psychological, social and economic characteristics different from young people. Whether the victim or the offender is different from the general average, the elderly should understand and proceed with the investigation or trial process. By doing so, proper judicial procedures can be carried out in terms of motive, process, outcome and future adverse effects or recovery, and protection and justice welfare of elderly traffic criminals can be implemented properly. The purpose of this study is to investigate the previous researches related to the elderly traffic crime and to investigate the effect of traffic crime on elderly traffic crime, In order to increase the effectiveness of the approach to the crime of elderly people, it is necessary to provide practical measures and measures to prevent the elderly traffic crime.

교통범죄의 현황과 처벌 규정에 관한 연구 - 음주운전, 무면허운전 및 뺑소니운전을 중심으로 -

이범오(Lee Beom-O),최순호(Choi Soon-Ho) 한국법이론실무학회 2021 법률실무연구 Vol.9 No.4

현재까지 우리나라의 자동차 관련 산업은 성장위주로 발전했다. 자동차의 증가로 교통환경은 많은 변화가 있었고, 이에 따른 교통범죄도 증가하였다. 그동안 우리나라 자동차 교통범죄에 대한 대응은 전통적으로 강력한 형사처벌과 행정처분을 부과하는 처벌위주의 정책을 집행하여 왔으나 쉽게 근절 되지 않고 있는 실정이다. 이에 따라 본 연구는 자동차와 관련된 교통범죄에 대해 과거부터 현재까지 근절되지 않고 사회적으로 많은 문제점을 야기하고 있는 음주운전, 무면허운전 및 뺑소니운전을 중심으로 다음과 같이 연구를 진행하였다. 첫째로, 교통범죄의 개념 및 현황을 살펴보고, 경찰청, 도로교통공단 등 공식적인 통계를 토대로 국민생활과 밀접하고, 사회적 파급력이 큰 음주운전, 무면허, 뺑소니운전과 관련된 대법원 판례 및 선행연구를 살펴보았다. 둘째로, 현재 우리나라의 교통범죄의 단속 및 처벌법규는 일반법으로는 형법, 특별법으로는 도로교통법, 교통사고처리특례법, 특정범죄가중처벌법 등 적용 법률이 산재되어 있어 이와 관련된 전반적인 문제점과 실태를 연구하였다. 셋째로 교통범죄의 효과적인 대응방법으로 경찰 등 사법기관, 지방자치단체, 유관기관 등과의 상호 협력방안을 도출하였다. 따라서, 본 연구의 목적은 복잡해지고, 다양화 되어 가는 교통범죄에 대하여 주요 교통범죄의 현황, 처벌규정 등을 고찰함으로써 효과적인 대응방안을 제시하였다. Until now, the automobile-related industry in Korea has developed mainly for growth. With the increase of automobiles, the traffic environment has changed a lot, and traffic crimes have also increased accordingly. Until now, Koreas response to automobile traffic crimes has traditionally been a punishment-oriented policy that imposes strong criminal and administrative penalties, but it is not easily eradicated. Accordingly, this study conducted the following research focusing on drunk driving, unlicensed driving, and hit-and-run driving, which have not been eradicated from the past to the present and cause many social problems. First, the concept and status of traffic crimes were examined, and based on official statistics such as the National Police Agency and the Road Traffic Authority, the Supreme Court precedents and precedent studies related to drunk driving, unlicensed driving, and hit and run driving, which are closely related to public life and have a large social impact, were reviewed. . Second, the current laws for the control and punishment of traffic crimes in Korea are scattered with applicable laws such as the Criminal Act as a general law, the Road Traffic Act as a special law, the Special Act on Traffic Accident Handling, and the Aggravated Punishment Act for Specific Crime. Third, as an effective way to respond to traffic crimes, a mutual cooperation plan with law enforcement agencies such as the police, local governments, and related organizations was derived. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to suggest effective countermeasures for traffic crimes that are becoming more complex and diversified by examining the current status of major traffic crimes and punishment regulations.

고령화 사회의 노인 교통범죄 추이에 관한 연구

김순석(Kim, Soon-Seok) 한국범죄심리학회 2008 한국범죄심리연구 Vol.4 No.1

이 연구에서는 인구 노령화를 염려하는 사회 각계의 우려와 때를 같이 하여 일각에서 제시하는 인구 노령화의 현황과 문제점을 짚어보고, 특히 신체적․정신적․경제적으로 특별한 계층을 형성하고 있는 노인의 범죄화, 그중에서도 특히 노인 교통범죄의 발생과 관련하여 기존의 인구통계학적 자료들과 범죄관련지표들을 수집․분석․재구성하는 과정을 통하여 접근하고자 하였다. 이러한 분석을 통하여 인구의 급격한 노령화 현상이 노인 범죄의 증가와 깊은 관련이 있으며, 특히 교통범죄의 증가에도 영향을 끼치고 있는 것으로 나타났다. 이렇듯 노인교통범죄의 증가 원인으로 신체적 나이는 과거보다 젊어졌음에도 사회적 나이로 인하여 퇴직을 경험하는 노령층이 재취업이나 사회보험 등의 혜택으로 경제적 지위가 향상됨에 따라 노령층에 의한 교통범죄가 증가하게 된다는 것을 알 수 있다. 따라서 이러한 현상은 인구 노령화가 지금보다 더욱 심각해질 것으로 예상되는 미래에 더욱 큰 사회문제로 자리 잡을것이라고 생각한다. 이러한 문제의 해결을 위해서는 노인문제에 관한 사회적 관심과 더불어 교통문제와 관련하여 노령층이 가지게 될 비중에 대해서도 다시 한 번 재검토되어야 할 것이며 이를 향후 교통관련 법령의 정비 및 교통 시스템의 재정비에도 이러한 점이 반영되어야 할 뿐만 아니라 사후적 단계에서 교통범죄로 인한 노인 범죄자의 보호와 구제에도 관심을 기울여야 할 것이다. Our aging population has been sharply increased in numerical aspect due to the extended life expectancy by the continuous decrease in death rate, and this situation is expected to be continued. Accordingly, problems of population aging are rising as significant issue from socioeconomical point of view. Based on this background, this study made an approach by examining the current condition and problem of population aging and specially, collecting, analyzing and reorganizing existing data in relation to crimes of the elderly who form a special class in physical, mental, and economic terms - in particular, traffic-related crimes of the elderly. As a result of this analysis, it is found that the sharp population aging is related with increase in elderly crimes as well as increase in traffic-related crimes of the elderly, and such increase in traffic-related crimes of the elderly causes more possession of cars as the elderly who retire from office due to sociological age have better economic status by the benefit of reemployment or social insurance, which results in traffic-related crimes. To solve out the said trouble, social interest in the problems of aging and the relation between aging and traffic-related crimes should be examined again, and this should be reflected upon arrangement of traffic-related laws and rearrangement of traffic system.

교통법규위반과 죄수(罪數)

정신교(Jeong, Shin-Kyo) 중앙대학교 법학연구원 2013 法學論文集 Vol.37 No.1

Counting for crime is a theoretical field of theory of crime dealing with an issue on criteria about counting on numbers of crime. Violations of traffic laws and regulations mostly consist of several overlaid violative actions in traffic accidents, resulting in uncertainty of the number of violations, or crimes. Therefore, administrative agencies consistently tend to deal with traffic violation cases through relatively light punishments to get rid of disputes related. That being said, it is very important to have an in-depth discussion over the matter in the sense that some clear criteria are necessarily clarified with regard to such cases as driving all the way to Busan from Seoul violating the bus-only lane regulation at the risk of penalties and fines, violating speed limits quite a few times while driving to Daejeon from Seoul and driving under the influence against safety. In that sense, this study aims at contributing to the development of traffic culture in Korea by theoretically establishing a standard for the number of violations, or crimes, against traffic laws and regulations which are closely related with our daily lives.

노인교통범죄에 관한 연구

오정용 원광대학교 법학연구소 2024 원광법학 Vol.40 No.4

In 2025, South Korea is expected to enter an ultra-aging society, and elderly traffic crimes have become a significant social issue. While overall traffic crimes have been declining recently, elderly traffic crimes are occurring at a relatively higher rate compared to other crimes. This phenomenon can be seen as an inevitable consequence of the changing demographics in our society. Academic interest in aging has primarily been focused on fields like sociology and gerontology. However, it is now necessary to deeply reflect on this issue within the field of criminology, particularly from the perspective of traffic crimes. Elderly drivers cannot deny the decline in physical abilities related to driving skills compared to other age groups. Regarding such countermeasures, examples of proposed systems include the ‘Voluntary Driver's License Surrender System’ and the ‘Conditional License System’. However, many issues have been raised regarding the effectiveness of these systems. It is a critical time for fundamental reflection on whether the regulations ensure the practical function of tests that assess driving ability, whether the occupational and regional characteristics of the elderly are properly taken into account, and whether the protection of the elderly's right to mobility is appropriately balanced. There is undoubtedly an effect of accident prevention through control and regulation. However, before proposing such countermeasures, emphasizing efficiency without ensuring at least the basic rights to mobility and freedom, and forcing the elderly to endure daily inconveniences due to their age, is not the direction our society should pursue. Everyone inevitably experiences a decline in physical abilities as they age. There is no doubt about the importance of preventive measures related to these human characteristics. However, in the case of elderly drivers, it is necessary to approach the issue from a different perspective than that of general adult traffic crime, and there needs to be an inspection to ensure that the system not only serves a formal purpose but also functions properly in assessing the driving ability of elderly drivers. It is not desirable to impose uniform restrictions on the right to mobility solely based on the characteristics of elderly drivers. Instead of proposing new systems, the focus should be on the effectiveness of operating the current system to actually assess driving ability.

해상교통사고 과실범과 공동정범에 관한 고찰

박상식,김두상 한국해양경찰학회 2014 한국해양경찰학회보 Vol.4 No.2

현재 해상교통에 관한 관계법규나 논의는 부족한 측면이 적지 않다. 해상교통사고 는 육상교통사고와 다르게 신뢰의 원칙이 배제될 뿐만 아니라 교통사고처리특례법과 같은 특례법이 입법화되어 있지 않기 때문에 해상교통사고 관여자에 대한 처벌이 육 상교통사고 관여자 보다 처벌이 가혹하다. 특히 과실에 의한 사고인 경우에도 큰 처 벌을 받는 것은 개선의 여지가 있다고 할 것이다. 이처럼 육상인가 해상인가에 따라 그 처벌이 달라져 해상근무자를 범법자로 취급 하는 것은 사회적 통합차원에서도 바람직하지 않으므로 형법의 보충성의 원칙에 따라 과실에 의한 교통범죄에 대한 형사처벌은 가급적 자제되어야 할 것이다. 즉 형사처벌 은 질서유지를 위한 우리 사회의 최후수단이 되어야 할 것이다. 그리고 과실범의 공동정범에 대하여 대부분의 학자들은 죄형법정주의를 원칙으로 하고 있는 법치국가에서 자신의 행위가 아닌 공동행위자의 행위로 인한 결과까지 책 임을 져야 한다는 것을 부당하다는 이유로 부정하고 있다. 즉 “2인 이상이 공동하여 죄를 범한 때”를 “2인 이상이 공동의 주의의무를 위반으로 죄를 범한 때”로 확대해석하여 처벌하는 현재의 관행은 상당한 문제를 안고 있다. 법관은 법률의 명확성의 원칙을 고려하여 입법자가 선택한 법개념을 가능한 한 좁게 해석하여 가벌성이 확대되지 않도록 유의해야 한다. 그럼에도 불구하고 판례가 공동정범을 넓게 인정하는 것은 입증의 편의를 도모하 여 법원의 사건처리 부담을 덜고 이론보다는 양형에 의해 구체적 타당성 있는 해결을 하면 족하다는 사고에 기초한 것이라고 할 수 있다. 그러나 이와 같이 이론적 통일성 을 포기하는 것은 그 자체가 문제일 뿐만 아니라 피고인에게 지나치게 불리한 해석을 초래한다는 문제점이 있다. 따라서 법률에 명확한 근거 없이 과실범의 공동정범을 처벌하는 관행은 조속히 중단되어야 할 것이다. Currently, there are shortages of discussion and rule that are ralated to marine traffic. Because marine traffic accident, unlike overland traffic accident, is excluded from principle of trust and laws covering special cases like “Act on Special Cases concerning the Settlement of Traffic Accidents” are not enacted, punishment of a participant in marine traffic accident is more severe than punishment of a participant in overland traffic accident. Especially it has room for improvement of that a participant in marine traffic accident caused by negligence is severely punished. Like this, because the punishments depend on whether accident is marine traffic accident or overland traffic accident, in aspect of social integration, it is not desirable that a participant in marine traffic accident is treated as offender. So, according to principle of subsidiarity of criminal law, criminal punishments of a participant in marine traffic accident caused by negligence have to be refrained as much as possible. Namely criminal punishment has to be done as a last measure for maintenance of order. And most of scholars deny co-principals of crimes of negligence by reason that taking responsibility for result that is caused by behavior of joint doer is unjust in a law-abiding country that is based upon principle of legality. Namely, there are considerable problems with current practice that judge expand meaning of when two or more people commit crime jointly into when two or more people violate duty of care and punish. Judge has to be careful not to expand possibility of punishment, regarding principle of clarity in law and interpreting narrowly the legal concept that legislator select. Nevertheless, that precedent admit co-principal is based on thinking of “If, considering convenience of proving, load of handling of events of court is lightened and court make resolution that contain specific validity by using determination of punishment rather than theory, it will be enough.” But, like this, abandonment of unity of theory is a problem in itself and, in addition, it can cause interpretation that is excessively unfavorable to defendant. Therefore, practice that co-principals of crimes of negligence are punished without clear basis of law has to be stopped as soon as possible.