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Tone Deafness and Implications for Music Therapy Strategies for Treatment
Chong, Hyun Ju Korea Music Therapy Education Association 2005 인간행동과 음악연구 Vol.2 No.2
This study was purported to examine the definition of tone deafness, various factors for the cause based on literature review of research findings, and to examine therapeutic application of music for treatment of tone deafness. With research, it was found that there can be three different kinds of tone deafness; amusia, agnosia, and asonia. Literature review showed that tone deafness has been frequently dealt in many research in order to verify the causal factors, such as gender, age, and environments. With time, the research trend on tone deafness has shifted towards neurological approach closely examining brain activity, presenting the statement that the brain's capacity to perceive modest pitch changes may be congenitally impaired. Also physiological factors contribute to tone deafness called diplacusis, which is a phenomenon wherein a given tone is heard as different pitches by the two ears, resulting in conflicting bilateral perception of pitch. Music can be used for treatment of various factors causing tone deafness. The most efficient intervention was singing program. Pitch-matching training can be effective training using operant conditioning procedure. Successive approximation or reinforcement of correct response alone was more efficient procedure in helping uncertain singers to sing on pitch. Also progressive breathing exercises helped the training the pitch-matching where one had to coordinate hearing and voice.
김청수 대한후두음성언어의학회 2023 대한후두음성언어의학회지 Vol.34 No.3
To become skilled in singing, one needs the ability to accurately perceive music and the capacity to vocalize it. Recognition of music can be distinguished by the perception of pitch and rhythm. Pitch perception is often determined by genetics and neurological differences, whereas rhythm perception is influenced more by environmental factors than genetics. Tone deafness, or amusia, can stem from difficulties in perceiving pitch or from an inability to sing despite accurate pitch perception, known specifically as “purely vocal tone deafness.” This condition involves a disconnect between perception and the act of singing. And this can also arise from problems in the memory of perceived musical notes. Tone deafness not only affects musical abilities but also impacts language processing and communication.