교정용 브라켓에 가해지는 힘의 방향에 따른 결합강도의 비교

이현정,이형순,전영미,김정기 대한치과교정학회 2003 대한치과교정학회지 Vol.33 No.5

본 연구는 교정용 금속 브라켓에 다양한 방향에서의 복합적인 응력을 가하여 힘의 방향과 적용점에 따른 교정용 브라켓의 결합강도를 비교하고, 브라켓의 유지력을 평가하는데 기준이 되는 최소결합강도의 특성에 대해 알아보고자 시행되었다. 일정한 표면특성을 갖는 금속봉에 Micro-Loc base, Chessboard base, Non-etched Foil-Mesh base 등 서로다른 기저면 형태를 가지는 3가지 종류의 금속 브라켓을 부착시키고, 0˚, 15˚, 30˚, 45˚, 60˚, 75˚, 90˚의 peel 결합강도(_(0)PBS, _(15)PBS, _(30)PBS, _(45)PBS, _(60)PBS, _(75)PBS, _(90)PBS 및 전단결합강도(SBS)와 인장결합강도(TBS)에 대한 브라켓의 결합강도를 측정하고, 각 브라켓의 기저면 면적을 고려하여 단위면적당 결합강도를 산출하여 비교한 결과 다음과 같은 결론을 얻었다. 1. Micro-Loc base와 Chessboard base 및 Non-etched Foil-Mesh base 브라켓 모두에서 전단결합강도(SBS)가 가장 컸다(p<0.01). 2. Peel 응력의 방향 변화에 따른 peel 결합강도(PBS)의 변화양상은 Micro-Loc base와 Chessboard base, Non-etched Foil-Mesh base 브라켓 모두에서 유사하였으며(p>0.05), peel 응력의 적용 각이 증가할수록 peel 결합강도(PBS)는 감소하였고 60˚에서 최저값을 보였다(p<0.05). 3. Micro-Loc base에서 최저 peel 결합강도(_(60)PBS)는 전단결합강도(SBS)의 29% 수준이었으며, 인장결합강도(TBS)에 대해서는 52% 수준이었고, Chessboard base에서 최저 peel bond strength(_(60)PBS)는 전단결합강도(SBS)의 34% 수준이었으며, 인장결합강도(TBS)에 대해서는 61% 수준이었으며, Non-etched Foil-Mesh base에서 최저 peel 결합강도(_(60)PBS)는 전단결합강도(SBS)의 34% 수준이었으며, 인장결합강도(TBS)에 대해서는 55% 수준이었다. 4. 단위면적당 결합강도에 있어서 전단결합강도(SBS)와 인장결합강도(TBS) 및 75˚와 90˚ peel 결합강도는 Micro-Loc base와 Chessboard base에서 차이가 없었으며 Non-etched Foil-Mesh base에서 가장 작았고(p<0.05), 0˚, 15˚, 30˚, 60˚ peel 응력을 적용한 결과 Chessboard base에서 가장 큰 peel 결합강도를, Non-etched Foil-Mesh base에서 가장 작은 결합강도를 보였다(p<0.05). The purpose of this study was to evaluate the bond strength of orthodontic brackets bonded to metal bar with chemically cured adhesive (Ortho-one, Bisco Co, USA) in various types and directions of force application. Three types of metal bracket with different bracket base configurations; Micro-Loc base(Tomy Co, Japan), Chessboard base(Daesung Co, Korea), Non-etched Foil-Mesh base(Dentaurum, Germany); were used in this study. Peel, shear, tensile bond strengths were measured by universal testing machine and compared each other. The peel force directions applied were 0˚, 15˚, 30˚, 45˚, 60˚, 75˚, 90˚. And then, in consideration of the different surface area of the bracket bases, the bond strength per unit area were calculated and compared. The results obtained were summarized as follows : 1. The bond strengths according to the types and the directions of the forces were greatest at the shear forces in all three bracket base configuration groups(p<0.01). 2. As the peel force direction grew higher in degree, peel bond strength decreased. The patterns of peel bond strength change according to force direction was similar in all three bracket base configurations. The minimum bond strength was 60 degree-peel bond strengths in all three bracket base configurations. 3. In Micro-Loc base group, minimum peel bond strength(_(60)PBS) was in 29% level of shear bond strength and 52% level of tensile bond strength. In Chessboard base group, _(60)PBS was in 34% level of shear bond strength and 61% level of tensile bond strength. In Non-etched Foil-Mesh base group, _(60)PBS was in 34% level of shear bond strength and 55% level of tensile bond strength. 4. The bond strengths per unit area were lowest in Non-etched Foil-Mesh base group and highest in Chessboard base group(p<0.05). However, there were no differences in shear bond strength, tensile bond strength, _(75)PBS and _(90)PBS per unit area between Micro-Loc and Chessboard base groups.

Experimental Study on the Property and Mechanism of the Bonding Between Rubberized Concrete and Normal Concrete

Ling-Yun Feng,Ai-Jiu Chen,Han Dong Liu 한국콘크리트학회 2022 International Journal of Concrete Structures and M Vol.16 No.4

Scholars have studied the impact of rubber particles (RPs) on the performance of the concrete and the research topics have covered all the mechanical properties and durability of normal concrete (NC). Recently, scholars have turned their research interest to the structural properties of concrete. However, there are few experimental studies on the bonding properties of RC to NC. The RPs have both positive and negative impacts on the bond performance. On one hand, RPs can reduce the shrinkage of concrete, resulting in reduced shear stress and tensile stress near the bonding boundary. On the other hand, RPs cause a reduction in the overall strength of concrete, resulting in the poor mechanical performance of the interface transition layer between the two concrete. The test results of this study show that the bonding splitting tensile strength between freshly mixed RC to aged NC first increases and then decreases with the rise of the RPs content in the RC, and the bonding splitting tensile strength reaches the peak when the RPs content is 10%. The bonding splitting tensile strength between the NC and the RC mixed with 3–5 mm RP is higher than that between the NC and the RC mixed with 1–3 mm RPs. When mixed with modified RPs, the bonding splitting tensile strength between the RC and the NC is improved. Applying an interfacial agent (a cement slurry or an epoxy) on the old concrete bonding surface can significantly improve the bonding splitting tensile strength. The results of non-repeated two-way ANOVA show that the content of the RPs and the type of the interfacial agent have significant effects on the bond splitting tensile strength, while the size and modification of the RPs have no significant effects on the bond splitting tensile strength.

Comparison the tensile bond strength and surface morphology of phosphoric acid-etched and dentin adhesive-treated enamel

Kwon, Yong Hoon,Kim, Kyo-Han,Kim, Hyung-Il 大韓齒科器材學會 2003 대한치과재료학회지 Vol.30 No.1

The purpose of this study was to compare the bracket tensile bond strength and surface morphology of dentin adhesive-treated enamels with those of the phosphoric acid-etched enamels. Two dentin adhesives, AQ Bond (Sunmedical Co.) and One-Up Bond F (Tokuyama Corp.), were chosen and treated on the polished enamel surface. Self-curing adhesive was chosen for bonding agent. 37% phosphoric acid was taken in order to compare with these two dentin adhesives. As results, the tensile bond strength of One-Up Bond F treated specimens (10.17 ± 2.27 ㎫) was slightly lower than that of the phosphoric acid-etched specimens (11.93 ± 1.78 ㎫) but their difference had no statistical significance (p>0.05). Two dentin adhesives, however, showed different tensile bond strength each other. The dentin adhesive-treated surface showed insignificant micropattern of etching compared with that of the phosphoric acid-etched surface. The thickness of the hybrid layer was not uniform. However, the thickness did not affect the tensile bond strength. From the results it may possible to recommend One-Up Bond F as a substitution of conventional phosphoric acid for enamel surface treatment and bonding because it yields high tensile bond strength with minor surface morphology modification.

글라스 아이오노머 시멘트의 인장접착강도

변승민,권오원 대한치과교정학회 1996 대한치과교정학회지 Vol.26 No.3

브라켓 접착제로서 현재까지 널리 사용되어 온 복합레진의 단점들을 보완하기 위해 최근 교정영역에서도 글라스 아이오노머 시멘트의 사용에 관심이 집중되고 있다. 이에 본 연구는 글라스 아이오노머 시멘트를 교정용 브라켓 접착제로 사용시 그 접착강도를 측정해 봄으로써 그라스 아이오노머 시멘트의 임상적 효용성을 알아보기 위하여 시행하였다. 교정 치료를 위해 발거한 소구치에 자가중합형 글라스 아이오노머 시멘트인 Shofu GlasIonomer CEment(Shofu Co., U.A.A.)와 GC Fuji I(GC Co., Japan), KETAC-CEM(ESPE Co., West Germany)을 분말-액 비율을 달리하여 소구치용 표준형 에지와이즈 브라켓을 접착한 후 15분간 실온에 방치하였다가 증류수에 침적하여 37℃ 항온조에 보관하였다. 보관한 후 24시간 및 3개월 후에 만능시험기로 인장접착강도를 측정하고 브라켓의 탈락 양상을 관찰하여 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 1. 분말-액 비율로 1로하고 24시간 침적한 경우를 제외하고는 KETAC-CEM이 가장 높은 인장접착강도를 나타내어(p<0.05) 브라켓 접착시 임상적 유용성이 있으리라 생각되며, Shofu GlasIonomer Cement와 GC Fuji I은 접착강도가 매우 낮았다. 2. 분말-액 비율을 증가시킬 때 인장접착가도는 대체로 증가되는 경향을 보였다. 3. 침적시간이 경과할수록 인장접착강도는 대체로 증가되는 경향을 보였다. 4. 브라켓의 탈락 양상은 법랑질과 접착제의 경계부에서 탈락하여 치질에 잔존하는 접착제가 거의 없는 경우가 가장 높은 비율(54.2%)을 차지하였고, 그 다음은 브라켓과 법랑질에 부분적으로 붙어서 탈락한 경우(36.7%)였으며, 접착제와 브라켓 경계부에서 탈락한 것(9.1%)이 가장 적었다. This study was conducted to evaluate the tensile bond strength of three commercially available glass ionomer cements orthodontic bracket adhesives. 120 premolars extracted for orthodontic treatment were prepared for bonding and standard edgewise brackets were bonded with Shofu GlasIonomer Cement (Shofu Co., J.S.A.), GC Fuji I(GC Co., Japan), KETAC-CEM(ESPE Co., West Germany) with different P/L ratio. The tensile bond strength was tested by Instron testing device after 24hours and 3months from bonding. After debracketing, bracket bases were examined to determine the failure sites. The results of this study were as follows: 1. KETAC-CEM showed the highest bond strength other than measurement after 24 hours and at its original P/L ratio, and seemed to have clinically a proper bond strength. It seemed, however, that both Shofu GlasIonomer Cement and GC Fuji I had an inappropriate bond strength. 2. The incorporation of additional powder into the mixture improved the tensile bond strength. 3. Prolonged storage time improved the tensile bond strength. 4. Of the failure, failure occured at the tooth-adhesive interface(54.2%) was the most common type. The second type of failure(36.7%) was combination type, where part of the adhesive remained on the tooth and part on the bracket. And the last type of failure(9.1%) occured at the adhesive-bracket interface.

IN VITRO STUDY OF THE TENSILE BOND STRENGTH OF CEMENT-RETAINED SINGLE IMPLANT PROSTHESIS BY THE VARIOUS PROVISIONAL LUTING CEMENTS AND THE SURFACE TREATMENT OF ABUTMENTS

Lee, Hwa-Yeon,Lee, Ho-Sang The Korean Academy of Prosthodonitics 2002 대한치과보철학회지 Vol.40 No.3

The main disadvantage of cement-retained implant restorations is their difficulty in retrievability. Advocates of cemented implant restorations frequently state that retrievability of the restoration can be maintained if a provisional cement is used. The purpose of this study was to find the optimal properties of provisional luting cements and the surface treatment of abutments in single implant abutment system. 30 prefabricated implant abutments, height 8mm, diameter 6mm, 3-degree taper per side, with light chamfer margins were obtained. Three commercially available provisional luting agents which were all zinc oxide eugenol type ; Cavitec, TempBond and TempBond NE were evaluated. No cement served as the control. TempBond along with vaseline, a kind of petrolatum (2:1 ratio) was also evaluated. Ten out of thirty abutments were randomly selected and abutment surfaces were sandblasted with $50{\mu}m$ aluminum oxide. Another ten abutments were sandblasted with $250{\mu}m$ aluminum oxide. A vertical groove, 1 mm deep and 5mm long was cut in each twenty abutments. Ten of them were sandblasted with $50{\mu}m$ aluminum oxide. The full coverage casting crowns were cemented to the abutments with the designated provisional luting agent. Specimens were stored in distilled water at $37^{\circ}C$ for 24 hours. Each specimen was attached to a universal testing machine. A crosshead speed of 0.5mm/min was used to apply a tensile force to each specimen. Within the limitations of this in vitro study, the following conclusions were drawn: 1. Tensile bond strength of provisional luting cements in no surface treatment decreased with the sequence of TempBond NE, TempBond, Cavitec, TempBond with vaseline, no cement. 2. Tensile bond strength more increased by surface treatment. Sandblasting with $250{\mu}m$ aluminum oxide exhibited the highest tensile bond strength in the abutment cemented with TempBond NE and sandblasting with $50{\mu}m$ aluminum oxide exhibited the highest tensile bond strength in cemented with TempBond. 3. In the aspect of a groove formation, tensile bond strength significantly increased in TempBond with vaseline only and the others had no significant effect on tensile bond strength.

수종의 영구 탄성 이장재와 의치상용 레진간의 인장 결합 강도

김래규,정문규,임순호,Kim, Lae-Gyu,Chung, Moon-Kyu,Yim, Soon-Ho 대한치과보철학회 1999 대한치과보철학회지 Vol.37 No.2

For many years permanent soft denture liners has been widely used in dental practice directly or indirectly because of its function in absorbing and distributing the impact force. However, it reveals problems such as lack of permanency and decreased bond strength in long term use. The purpose of this study is to measure the bond strength and failure between denture base resin and several permanent liners. Lucitone 199 was used as denture base resin with soft acrylic liners (Triad, Tokuso Rebase) and silicone elastomers (Tokuyama, Ufi Gel C) bonded to measure the tensile strength before and after thermocycling. The thermocycling was done in 2000 cycles at $5^{\circ}C,\;26^{\circ}C\;and\;55^{\circ}C$ and the measured tensile strength values before and after thermocycling were compared. The mode of failure was investigated in the separated specimens. The results are as follows. 1. As to tensile strength, the strongest material is Tokuso Rebase followed by Triad, Tokuyama, Ufi Gel C in before thermocycling and the order of Triad, Tokuso Rebase, Tokuyama, Ufi Gel C in after thermocycling state. There was significant difference between the values of Triad, Tokuso Rebase and Tokuyama, Ufi Gel C(p<0.05). 2. As to degree of displacement, Ufi Gel C showed most displacement with or without thermo-cycling treatment and also the difference was significant with the other materials(p<0.05). 3. As to comparisons before and after thermocycling, Tokuso Rebase and Tokuyama showed significant difference in bond strength, whereas Triad and Tokuso Rebase showed significant difference in the degree of displacement(p<0.05). 4. In debonded specimens, Triad and Ufi Gel C showed adhesion failure and Tokuyama showed cohesion failure. Both failures were observed in Tokuso Rebase with adhesion failure up to 70%. The results of this study showed that degree of bond strength between permanent soft denture liner and denture base resin were variable. There was a significant difference between soft acrylics and silicone elastomers with regard to bond strength. Further research in improving bond strength of widely used silicone elastomers and in developing the method of measuring bond strength between denture base resin and the lining materials is needed.

Drying time of tray adhesive for adequate tensile bond strength between polyvinylsiloxane impression and tray resin material

Yi, Myong-Hee,Shim, Joon-Sung,Lee, Keun-Woo,Chung, Moon-Kyu 대한치과보철학회 2009 The Journal of Advanced Prosthodontics Vol.1 No.2

STATEMENT OF PROBLEM. Use of custom tray and tray adhesive is clinically recommended for elastomeric impression material. However there is not clear mention of drying time of tray adhesive in achieving appropriate bonding strength of tray material and impression material. PURPOSE. This study is to investigate an appropriate drying time of tray adhesives by evaluating tensile bonding strength between two types of polyvinylsiloxane impression materials and resin tray, according to various drying time intervals of tray adhesives, and with different manufacturing company combination of impression material and tray adhesive. MATERIAL AND METHODS. Adhesives used in this study were Silfix (Dentsply Caulk, Milford, Del, USA) and VPS Tray Adhesive (3M ESPE, Seefeld, Germany) and impression materials were Aquasil Ultra (monophase regular set, Dentsply Caulk, Milford, Del, USA) and Imprint Ⅱ Gai-ant (regular body, 3M ESPE, Seefeld, Germany). They were used combinations from the same manufacture and exchanged combinations of the two. The drying time was designed to air dry, 5 minutes, 10 minutes, 15 minutes, 20 minutes, and 25 minutes. Total 240 of test specimens were prepared by auto-polymerizing tray material(Instant Tray Mix, Lang, Wheeling, Ⅱ, USA) with 10 specimens in each group. The specimens were placed in the Universal Testing machine(Instron, model 3366, Instron Corp, University avenue, Nowood, MA, USA) to perform the tensile test (cross head speed 5 mm/min). The statistically efficient drying time was evaluated through ANOVA and Scheffe test. All the tests were performed at 95% confidence level. RESULTS. The results revealed that at least 10 minutes is needed for Silfix-Aquasil, and 15 minutes for VPS Tray Adhesive-lmprint Ⅱ, to attain an appropriate tensile bonding strength. VPS Tray Adhesive-lmprint II had a superior tensile bonding strength when compared to Silfix-Aquasil over 15 minutes. Silfix-Aquasil had a superior bonding strength to VPS Tray Adhesive-Aquasil, and VPS Tray Adhesive-lmprint Ⅱ had a superior tensile bonding strength to Silfix-lmprint Ⅱ at all drying periods. CONCLUSION. Significant increase in tensile bonding strength with Silfix-Aquasil and VPS Tray adhesive-Imprint Ⅱ combination until 10 and 15 minutes respectively. Tray adhesive-impression material combination from the same company presented higher tensile bonding strength at all drying time intervals than when using tray adhesive-impression material of different manufactures.

치과용 글라스 아이오노머 시멘트의 압축, 간접인장 및 전단 결합강도에 관한 연구

김철위,이용근,임범순 서울대학교 치과대학 치과생체재료학교실 1994 치과생체재료학 논문집 Vol.2 No.1

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the compressive strength, diametral tensile strength and shear bond strength of the glass ionomer cements and to compare strengths of the glass ionomer cements independent of their type. The present study utilized one brand of dental zinc phosphate cement and twelve brand of dental glass inomer cements. The load at failure was measured using a Instron universal testing machine (Instron Model 1122), with crosshead speed of 0.05㎝/min. for compressive and diametral tensile test, 0.02 ㎝/min. for shear bond test. From the load at failure, the strength of the specimen could be calculated. Testing of compressive strength, diametral tensile strength, and shear bond strength were carried out at 24 hours and specimens were maintained in distilled water at 37°±2℃ just prior to testing. From the experiments, the following results were obtained; 1.The glass ionomer cements presented a wide variance of compressive strengths. The light-cured glass ionomer cements showed higher compressive strength than self-cured glass ionomer cements. 2. No significant difference (P<0.05) in the diametral tensile strength was observed among self-cured glass ionomer cements. On the contrary, the light-cured glass ionomer cements showed 3∼4 times higher dimetral tensile strength than the self-cured cements. 3. The glass ionomer cements showed a good shear bond strength to dentin.

Bond behaviour at concrete-concrete interface with quantitative roughness tooth

Ayinde, Olawale O.,Wu, Erjun,Zhou, Guangdong Techno-Press 2022 Advances in concrete construction Vol.13 No.3

The roughness of substrate concrete interfaces before new concrete placement has a major effect on the interface bond behaviour. However, there are challenges associated with the consistency of the final roughness interface prepared using conventional roughness preparation methods which influences the interface bond performance. In this study, five quantitative interface roughness textures with different roughness tooth angles, depths, and tooth distribution were created to ensure consistency of interface roughness and to evaluate the bond behaviour at a precast and new concrete interface using the splitting tensile test, slant shear test, and double-shear test. In addition, smooth interface specimens and two separate the pitting interface roughness were also utilized. Obtained results indicate that the quantitative roughness has a very limited effect on the interface tensile bond strength if no extra micro-roughness or bonding agent is added at the interface. The roughness method however causes enhanced shear bond strength at the interface. Increased tooth depth improved both the tensile and shear bond strength of the interfaces, while the tooth distribution mainly influenced the shear bond strength. Major failure modes of the test specimens include interface failure, splitting cracks, and sliding failure, and are influenced by the tooth depth and tooth distribution. Furthermore, the interface properties were obtained and presented while a comparison between the different testing methods, in terms of bond strength, was performed.

도재의 표면처리가 인장접착강도에 미치는 영향

김신근,성재현 대한치과교정학회 1996 대한치과교정학회지 Vol.26 No.3

본 연구의 목적은 도재의 표면처리가 인장접착강도에 어떠한 영향을 미치는가를 알아보는 것이었다. 120개의 도재시편을 각 군당 10개씩 12군으로 나눈 후, 1군은 표면처리를 하지않았고, 2군에서 5군까지는 단독표면처리를 6군에서 12군까지는 복합으로 표면처리를 시행하였으며 그후 교정용 레진으로 통상적인 방법에 따라 브라켓을 접착하고나서 각 군의 인장접착강도를 측정하여 다음과 같은 결론을 얻었다. 1. 모든 단독표면처리군(G2,G3,G4,G5)은 표면처리를 하지않은 군(G1)보다 인장접착강도가 통계적으로 유의성 있는 증가(p<0.05)를 나타내었으며, 단독표면처리군 중 샌드블라트팅군(G5)의 인장접착강도가 10.34±2.50MPa로 가장 높았다. 2. 복합표면처리군(G6,G7,G8,G9,,G10,G11,G12)에서 9-11,5MPa의 인장접착강도를 나타내었고 이들 상호간에는 통계적으로 유의차가 없었다. 3. 단독표면처리군 중 샌드블라스팅군(G5)은 복합표면처리군(G6-G12)과 통계적으로 유의차가 없었다. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of surface treatment of porcelain on tensile bond strength. To accomplish this purpose, this study was carried out with 120 samples which were divided into 12 groups with each 10 samples, and the first group was not surface treated, groups 2 through 5 underwent single surface treatment and groups 6 through 12 underwent compound surface treatment. The results were as follows: 1. In statistic, all the single surface-treated groups showed higher tensile bond strength than the non surface-treated group and the sandblasted group showed the highest tensile bond strength as 10.34±2.50MPa. 2. All the compound surface-treated groups showed no noticeable difference in the tensile bond strength(9-11.5MPa). 3. In statistic, no significant difference was found between the sandblasted group and the compound surface-treated groups. 4. There was no fracture of porcelain while testing in this study. Above study demonstrated that compound surface treatment or sandblasing, if used single surface treatment, should be employed to guarantee successful clinical application.