사료 종류별 사육수온이 전복 치패의 성장에 미치는 영향

조성환,조영진 한국패류학회 2009 The Korean Journal of Malacology Vol.25 No.2

This study was performed to determine the effect of temperature condition on growth of juvenile abalone Haliotis discus hannai with the different feeds. A 2 (feed type; the dry sea tangle and experimental diet) × 2 (water temperature; 20 and 23℃, and 23 and 26℃ in the 1st, and 2nd feeding trials, respectively) factorial design was applied. Forty-five juvenile abalone averaging 10.1 g in the 1st feeding trial and 11.5 g in the 2nd feeding trial were randomly stocked into 6 of 50 L plastic rectangular containers each. Fishmeal, soybean meal and shrimp head meal was used as the primary protein source in the experimental diet. And dextrin and wheat flour, and soybean oil were used as the primary carbohydrate and lipid sources in the experimental diet, respectively. The dry sea tangle and experimental diet were fed to abalone once a day at the ratio of 1.5-2.0% total biomass of abalone with a little leftover in each experimental condition. Weight gain of abalone was significantly affected by feed type, but not by water temperature in the 1st feeding trial. Regardless of water temperature, weight gain of abalone fed the experimental diet was significantly higher than that of abalone fed the dry sea tangle. However, weight gain of abalone was significantly affected by water temperature, but not by feed type in the 2nd feeding trial. Weight gain was highest in abalone fed the experimental diet at 23℃, followed by abalone fed the dry sea tangle at 23℃, abalone fed the experimental diet and dry sea tangle at 26℃, which was lowest. Moisture and crude protein content of the edible portion of abalone was significantly affected by feed type, but not by water temperature in the 2nd feeding trial. However, ash content of the edible portion of abalone was significantly affected by water temperature, but not by feed type. In considering these results, it can be concluded that the well formulated feed was superior to the dry sea tangle for growth of juvenile abalone, and water temperature conditions of 20 and 23℃ seemed to be better than 26℃ to improve weight gain of abalone. This study was performed to determine the effect of temperature condition on growth of juvenile abalone Haliotis discus hannai with the different feeds. A 2 (feed type; the dry sea tangle and experimental diet) × 2 (water temperature; 20 and 23℃, and 23 and 26℃ in the 1st, and 2nd feeding trials, respectively) factorial design was applied. Forty-five juvenile abalone averaging 10.1 g in the 1st feeding trial and 11.5 g in the 2nd feeding trial were randomly stocked into 6 of 50 L plastic rectangular containers each. Fishmeal, soybean meal and shrimp head meal was used as the primary protein source in the experimental diet. And dextrin and wheat flour, and soybean oil were used as the primary carbohydrate and lipid sources in the experimental diet, respectively. The dry sea tangle and experimental diet were fed to abalone once a day at the ratio of 1.5-2.0% total biomass of abalone with a little leftover in each experimental condition. Weight gain of abalone was significantly affected by feed type, but not by water temperature in the 1st feeding trial. Regardless of water temperature, weight gain of abalone fed the experimental diet was significantly higher than that of abalone fed the dry sea tangle. However, weight gain of abalone was significantly affected by water temperature, but not by feed type in the 2nd feeding trial. Weight gain was highest in abalone fed the experimental diet at 23℃, followed by abalone fed the dry sea tangle at 23℃, abalone fed the experimental diet and dry sea tangle at 26℃, which was lowest. Moisture and crude protein content of the edible portion of abalone was significantly affected by feed type, but not by water temperature in the 2nd feeding trial. However, ash content of the edible portion of abalone was significantly affected by water temperature, but not by feed type. In considering these results, it can be concluded that the well formulated feed was superior to the dry sea tangle for growth of juvenile abalone, and water temperature conditions of 20 and 23℃ seemed to be better than 26℃ to improve weight gain of abalone.

Nonlinear boundary parameter identification of bridges based on temperature-induced strains

Zuo-Cai Wang,Guo-Peng Zha,Wei-Xin Ren,Ke Hu,Hao Yang 국제구조공학회 2018 Structural Engineering and Mechanics, An Int'l Jou Vol.68 No.5

Temperature-induced responses, such as strains and displacements, are related to the boundary conditions. Therefore, it is required to determine the boundary conditions to establish a reliable bridge model for temperature-induced responses analysis. Particularly, bridge bearings usually present nonlinear behavior with an increase in load, and the nonlinear boundary conditions cause significant effect on temperature-induced responses. In this paper, the bridge nonlinear boundary conditions were simulated as bilinear translational or rotational springs, and the boundary parameters of the bilinear springs were identified based on the measured temperature-induced responses. First of all, the temperature-induced responses of a simply support beam with nonlinear translational and rotational springs subjected to various temperature loads were analyzed. The simulated temperature-induced strains and displacements were assumed as measured data. To identify the nonlinear translational and rotational boundary parameters of the bridge, the objective function based on the temperature-induced responses is then created, and the nonlinear boundary parameters were further identified by using the nonlinear least squares optimization algorithm. Then, a beam structure with nonlinear translational and rotational springs was simulated as a numerical example, and the nonlinear boundary parameters were identified based on the proposed method. The numerical results show that the proposed method can effectively identify the parameters of the nonlinear boundary conditions. Finally, the boundary parameters of a real arch bridge were identified based on the measured strain data and the proposed method. Since the bearings of the real bridge do not perform nonlinear behavior, only the linear boundary parameters of the bridge model were identified. Based on the bridge model and the identified boundary conditions, the temperature-induced strains were recalculated to compare with the measured strain data. The recalculated temperature-induced strains are in a good agreement with the real measured data.

자연실온 및 변온환경에서 15종류의 켄터키 블루그래스 신품종의 발아특성 및 일일발아패턴 비교

김경남 ( Kyoung Nam Kim ) 한국환경복원기술학회 2014 한국환경복원기술학회지 Vol.17 No.5

Research was initiated to investigate early establishment characteristics and germination pattern of Kentucky bluegrass (KB, Poa pratensis L.) under natural room temperature and to analyze differences between alternative and natural conditions for a practical application. Fifteen cultivars of KB were evaluated in the study. Daily and cumulative germination pattern were measured and analyzed on a daily basis. Differences were observed in germination percentage, germination pattern, days to the first germination and days to 75% germination. Germination percentage was variable with cultivars at the end of study. It was 75.75 to 90.25% under natural condition. There were considerable variations in early germination characteristics and germination pattern among KB cultivars according to germination conditions. The first germination in all entries tested was initiated between 6 and 9 DAS (days after seeding) under ISTA (International Seed Testing Association) condition. But it was observed between 9 and 12 DAS under natural condition, being 3 to 5 days later as compared with ISTA condition. On the first date of a germinating process, the germination rate was 0.25% to 25.00% under ISTA condition, while 0.50% to 13.25% under natural condition. Days to the 75% germination were 15.08 to 28.80 DAS under ISTA condition and 17.78 to 28.75 DAS under natural condition. Midnight II, Excursion and Midnight were the fastest cultivars under ISTA condition, while Odyssey the fastest one under natural condition. Regardless of germination condition, the slowest cultivar was Voyager II, being over 4 weeks to 75% germination percentage. For the most cultivars, days to 75% germination under natural room temperature condition were 1 to 8 days slower than under ISTA condition. From this study information on differences in germination characteristics and pattern among cultivars would be usefully applied for KB establishment such as golf course construction. Prior to on-site seeding, a comprehensive germination test is practically recommended due to a possible decline in germination capability during domestic distribution and storage after import.

저온 저산소 조건하에서 발아중인 벼의 α 와 β - 아밀라제 유전자의 발현 양식

윤병성(Byeong Sung Yoon),김남수(Nam Soo Kim),(Shiegemi Akita) 한국유전학회 2001 Genes & Genomics Vol.23 No.4

This study was conducted to determine α-amylase gene expression during the rice seedling emergence in submerged(paddy field) condition and low temperature, which is practically important condition for farmers in temperate regions. Grown in aerobic condition at 30℃, seedling elongation rate of Suwon 287 and Janghyangdo were faster than Norin 6. The rate of elongation in aerobic condition at 30℃ was the same in both Suwon 287 and Janghyangdo. However, germination was delayed and seedling growth rates are lower in submerged soil(hypoxia) at 18℃. Especially, Suwon 287 can not germinate under the submerged soil at 18℃. β-amylase activity of Janghyangdo as well as Suwon 287 was detected in the second day at aerobic condition at 30℃. β-amylase activity of Janghyangdo is detected in the third day, and strong expression was detected in their cultivar in submerged soil(hypoxia) at 18℃. However β-amylase activity of Suwon 287 was not detected in that condition. In case of cv. Janghyangdo, Ramy1A was expressed in scutellar epithelium(5 day imbibition and 3 day treatment at submerged soil at 18℃) and then it was observed in the aleurone layer(5 day imbibition and 5 day treatment at submerged soil at 18℃). In case of cv. Suwon 287, although Ramy1A was expressed in scutellar epithelium(5 day imbibition and 3 day treatment), but not in aleurone layer. These results suggest why Janghyangdo can emergenate under the low temperature and hypoxia condition but Suwon 287 can not emergenate under the low temperature and hypoxia condition.

Response of Canopy Temperature with a Change of Soil Moisture Content and Climatic Condition

( Minyoung Kim ),( Yonghun Choi ),( Jonggil Jeon ),( Youngjin Kim ) 한국농업기계학회 2018 한국농업기계학회 학술발표논문집 Vol.23 No.1

Plant water use information (e.g., soil water content and crop evapotranspiration) is an essential key to help conserve agricultural water resources and save irrigation cost in coping with climate change. This can be used by growers and their advisers to understand the pattern of daily water use by plants for scheduling irrigations, which determines the time and amount of water to apply to replenish soil water depletion depending upon plant growth phase and environmental changes. This study focuses on canopy temperature, as an index of water stress. The variation of canopy temperature was investigated in the three irrigation regime treatments (25, 30, and 34% of soil moisture contents) and six up-down vertical position measurements (30, 50, 90, 120, 150, 180 cm) across the tree canopy viewed by thermal images taken from a distance of 6.0 m and a height of 1.3 m perpendicular to the soil surface area. In addition to a thermal camera, portable FDR soil sensor (soil depths of 30, 50 cm), and weather sensors (air temperature, relative humidity, wind speed, and solar radiation) were used for collecting field data targeting for seven-year-old peach trees between 11am and 4pm on the cloudless and cloudy days. The relationship between canopy temperature and different irrigation treatments (and climatic condition) were defined, which indicates that canopy temperature had positive correlation with air temperature, relative humidity and solar radiation, but negative correlation with relative humidity, wind speed, and irrigation treatments. Additional relationship between canopy temperature and soil temperature was investigated. This study revealed that the effect of different irrigation treatments was not significant because the range of irrigation level was not large enough to observe its influence on change of canopy temperature. The most vertical variation in canopy surface temperature was observed from the upper part of tree, but it was not consistent with any of three irrigation treatments due to the effects of time of measurement and weather condition.

Boiling heat transfer-based temperature rise characteristics of automotive permanent magnet synchronous motors at peak operating conditions

He Liange,Chen Hongling,Shi Wenjun 대한기계학회 2022 JOURNAL OF MECHANICAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY Vol.36 No.7

Using two-phase flow boiling heat transfer theory, the RPI subcooling boiling heat transfer model was established to study the temperature rise characteristics of the permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) of electric vehicles under peak operating conditions, and the effects of coolant inlet temperature, altitude and inlet flow rate on the motor temperature rise were analyzed. The results showed that: the temperature rise characteristics of the motor are closer to the test results when boiling heat transfer is considered after the motor is warmed up, so the effect of boiling heat transfer of the cooling system should be considered when studying the temperature rise characteristics of the motor; The temperature rise characteristic of the motor increases with the increase of coolant inlet temperature at peak working condition. The short time required for the motor winding to reach 150 °C indicates that the motor temperature rises quickly. In the plateau environment, the temperature growth rate of the motor at peak working conditions increases with the increase of cooling water inlet temperature, while the motor temperature decreases with the decrease of atmospheric pressure. Thus, due to the boiling heat transfer phenomenon of cooling water two-phase flow, the temperature rise characteristic of the motor at high altitude is better than that in plain area.

Temperature Drift Compensation Using Multiple Linear Regression for a <tex> $W$</tex>-Band Total Power Radiometer

Nam-Won Moon,Yong-Hoon Kim IEEE 2015 IEEE Sensors Journal Vol. No.

<P>Calibration of radiometer systems using physical temperature monitoring have been developed to compensate the temperature drift. Because calibration standards are not necessary to obtain the system response characteristic, it is good candidate for applications of the limited weight and power. Besides, the estimation of the calibration accuracy could be improved by stable condition based on multiple temperature sensors. In this paper, we analyzed the estimated calibration accuracy under indoor environmental conditions using multiple temperature sensors for a W-band direct detection radiometer system. The method was implemented to obtain the radiometer calibration coefficient based on the relationship between the temperature sensors at multiple positions and the gain variation. The estimated accuracy of the brightness temperature was determined by the temperature sensor response with respect to the receiver gain variation under environmental conditions. The distributed temperature sensors were considered for optimum regression of the radiometer gain variation in a heated environment.</P>

Temperature distribution of ceramic panels of a V94.2 gas turbine combustor under realistic operation conditions

Namayandeh, Mohammad Javad,Mohammadimehr, Mehdi,Mehrabi, Mojtaba Techno-Press 2019 Advances in materials research Vol.8 No.2

The lifetime of a gas turbine combustor is typically limited by the durability of its liner, the structure that encloses the high-temperature combustion products. The primary objective of the combustor thermal design process is to ensure that the liner temperatures do not exceed a maximum value set by material limits. Liner temperatures exceeding these limits hasten the onset of cracking which increase the frequency of unscheduled engine removals and cause the maintenance and repair costs of the engine to increase. Hot gas temperature prediction can be considered a preliminary step for combustor liner temperature prediction which can make a suitable view of combustion chamber conditions. In this study, the temperature distribution of ceramic panels for a V94.2 gas turbine combustor subjected to realistic operation conditions is presented using three-dimensional finite difference method. A simplified model of alumina ceramic is used to obtain the temperature distribution. The external thermal loads consist of convection and radiation heat transfers are considered that these loads are applied to flat segmented panel on hot side and forced convection cooling on the other side. First the temperatures of hot and cold sides of ceramic are calculated. Then, the thermal boundary conditions of all other ceramic sides are estimated by the field observations. Finally, the temperature distributions of ceramic panels for a V94.2 gas turbine combustor are computed by MATLAB software. The results show that the gas emissivity for diffusion mode is more than premix therefore the radiation heat flux and temperature will be more. The results of this work are validated by ANSYS and ABAQUS softwares. It is showed that there is a good agreement between all results.

현미 온도 조질 후 정백 특성

한충수,김유호,강태환,조성찬 한국산업식품공학회 2003 산업 식품공학 Vol.7 No.1

This study was to find out the relationships between whiteness, hardness, crack ratio, broken rice ratio, increased grain temperature, moisture content, electric energy consumption, and optimum conditioning of grain temperature for the milled rice efficiency and quality maintenance during the milling process of brown rice at low temperature. There was no significant difference between the whiteness variations of white rice after milling process when the conditioning grain temperatures ranging from 0 to 20oC was used. The crack and broken rice ratios of white rice and the hardness of brown rice decreased with an increased in the conditioning grain temperature. Conditioning grain temperatures of 12, 20oC are applicable to appropriated standard of temperature (15oC) after milling process. In the case of low temperature of grain, there was steadily increase the rate of changing moisture contents because of dew condensation. There was 2.62~14.28% decline of electricity energy for milling process when the temperature of grain was higher than 0oC. Therefore, it needs to control temperature over 10oC for appropriate milling in winter season.

Prediction models and control algorithms for predictive applications of setback temperature in cooling systems

Moon, Jin Woo,Yoon, Younju,Jeon, Young-Hoon,Kim, Sooyoung Elsevier 2017 Applied thermal engineering Vol.113 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>In this study, a temperature control algorithm was developed to apply a setback temperature predictively for the cooling system of a residential building during occupied periods by residents. An artificial neural network (ANN) model was developed to determine the required time for increasing the current indoor temperature to the setback temperature. This study involved three phases: development of the initial ANN-based prediction model, optimization and testing of the initial model, and development and testing of three control algorithms.</P> <P>The development and performance testing of the model and algorithm were conducted using TRNSYS and MATLAB. Through the development and optimization process, the final ANN model employed indoor temperature and the temperature difference between the current and target setback temperature as two input neurons. The optimal number of hidden layers, number of neurons, learning rate, and moment were determined to be 4, 9, 0.6, and 0.9, respectively. The tangent–sigmoid and pure-linear transfer function was used in the hidden and output neurons, respectively. The ANN model used 100 training data sets with sliding-window method for data management. Levenberg-Marquart training method was employed for model training. The optimized model had a prediction accuracy of 0.9097 root mean square errors when compared with the simulated results.</P> <P>Employing the ANN model, ANN-based algorithms maintained indoor temperatures better within target ranges. Compared to the conventional algorithm, the ANN-based algorithms reduced the duration of time, in which the indoor temperature was out of the targeted temperature range, as much as 56 and 75min, respectively. In addition, two ANN-based algorithms removed less heat from indoor space as much as 1.06% and 1.26%. Thus, the applicability of the ANN model and the algorithm presented their potential to be applied for more effective thermal conditioning with reduced energy consumption.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> Initial ANN model was developed for predicting the time to the setback temperature. </LI> <LI> Initial model was optimized for producing accurate output. </LI> <LI> Optimized model proved its prediction accuracy. </LI> <LI> ANN-based algorithms were developed and tested their performance. </LI> <LI> ANN-based algorithms presented superior thermal comfort or energy efficiency. </LI> </UL> </P>