고양이 악하선의 경부교감신경의 전기자극빈도에 따른 타액 분비 및 혈류반응에 관한 연구

장철호,최태욱,김진옥,이진수,최창익,김영호 대한이비인후과학회 1999 대한이비인후과학회지 두경부외과학 Vol.42 No.11

안정시, 운동중 및 회복기의 단련자와 비단련자의 자율신경 활동 비교

공미애,김종식,강희성 한국운동생리학 2004 운동과학 Vol.13 No.4

본 연구의 목적은 안정시, 운동중 및 그리고 회복기간 동안의 자율신경 활동를 직접 측정하고 이를 단련자와 비단련자 사이에 비교하는 데 있다. 피검자는 대학 여자 육상경기 중.장거리 선수 5명과 일반 여자대학생 5명이다. 자율신경계 활성도 측정을 위하여 Nerve Express 2.2.(HEART RHYTHM INSTRUMENTS, INC. USA)를 사용하여 Nerve-Monitor Test를 실시하였다. ECG의 192 R-R intervals로부터 파워스펙트럼 분석(power spectral analysis)하여, 자율신경계 활성도를 측정하였다. 그리고 720kpm(2kp×6m×60rpm)의 자전거 erogmeter 운동중 1단계에서 5단계까지, 회복기 1단계에서 6단계까지 자율신경계 활성도를 측정하였다. ECG의 192 R-R intervals 측정에 걸리는 시간은 사람에 따라 다르며, 2-4분에 이루어 졌다. 얻어진 결과는 1. 안정시 교감신경계 활성도는 NA 집단이 1.0±0.60, A 집단이 -0.4±1.20으로 NA 집단이 높게 나타났으며, 부교감신경계의 활성도는 반대로 A 집단이 1.6±1.50, NA 집단이 0.4±1.20으로 A 집단이 높게 나타났다. 2. 운동을 시작하면 1단계부터 교감신경은 두 집단 모두 +4까지지 높아지고, 그 경향이 운동 종료시까지 지속되었다. 부교감신경계는 NA 집단은 운동 1단계에서 큰 변화가 없었지만(0.4±1.2→0.4±1.30), A 집단에서는 빠르게 감소되었(1.6±1.50→0.6±1.02). 그 이후에는 두집단 모두 -4를 유지하였다. 3. 운동이 끝나면 A 집단은 교감신경의 활성도가 빠르게 낮아져 회복기 3단계에서는 0.64±0.43으로 안정시와 차이가 없다. 이에 대하여 NA 집단은 회복속도가 느리고 높게 유지되었다(1.8 이상). 부교감신경은 반대로 A 집단에서는 회복기 1단계에서 이미 빠르게 회복된 반면, NA 집단에서는 회복기간 내내 회복되지 못하고 낮은 수준을 유지하였다(-2.0). 결론적으로 단련자는 안정시 부교감신경의 활성도가 우위를 차지하고 운동중 및 회복기에 회복이 비단련자에 비하여 빠르다. 이것이 단련자의 안정시 서맥 및 운동중 심박수 감소 및 회복기에 빠른 회복을 설명할 수 있다. The purpose of this study was to investigate the comparison of autonomic nerve activity between trained and untrained at rest, during exercise, and recovery period. Five middle and long distance runners and five general female students were selected as subjects. Autonomic nerve activities were measured with ECG 192 R-R intervals by using "NERVE EXPRESS 2.2.)Heart Rhythm Instruments, Inc. USA)" at rest, during exercise, and recovery period. Results obtained were as follows: 1. At rest, the level of parasymapthetic nerve activity of trained were higher than that of untrained. But sympathetic nerve activity level were higher in untrained. 2. During exercise, the level of sympathetic nerve activity increased highly in both groups. On the contrary parasympathetic nerve activity indicated rapid withdrawal. The speed of parasympathetic withdrawal was more faster in trained. 3. During recovery period, the recovery speed of parasympathetic nerve activity was more higher in trained. But the recovery speed of sympathetic nerve activity was more slower in untrained. It is concluded that trained indicated dominant parasympathetic nerve activity at rest and more faster withdrawal during exercise and more rapid recovery after cessation of exercise. This mechanism can explain the bradycardia in trained at rest, during exercise. and during recover period.

Human nasociliary nerve with special reference to its unique parasympathetic cutaneous innervation

Fumio Hosaka,Masahito Yamamoto,Kwang Ho Cho,Hyung Suk Jang,Gen Murakami,Shin-ichi Abe 대한해부학회 2016 Anatomy & Cell Biology Vol.49 No.2

The frontal nerve is characterized by its great content of sympathetic nerve fibers in contrast to cutaneous branches of the maxillary and mandibular nerves. However, we needed to add information about composite fibers of cutaneous branches of the nasociliary nerve. Using cadaveric specimens from 20 donated cadavers (mean age, 85), we performed immunohistochemistry of tyrosine hydroxylase (TH), neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS), and vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP). The nasocilliary nerve contained abundant nNOS-positive fibers in contrast to few TH- and VIP-positive fibers. The short ciliary nerves also contained nNOS-positive fibers, but TH-positive fibers were more numerous than nNOSpositive ones. Parasympathetic innervation to the sweat gland is well known, but the original nerve course seemed not to be demonstrated yet. The present study may be the first report on a skin nerve containing abundant nNOS-positive fibers. The unique parasympathetic contents in the nasocilliary nerve seemed to supply the forehead sweat glands as well as glands in the eyelid and nasal epithelium.

요천수에 투사하는 연수 신경세포들의 분포

조성도,고광호,오우택,Cho, Sung-Do,Ko, Kwang-Ho,Oh, Uh-Taek 대한약학회 1991 약학회지 Vol.35 No.6

Spinal parasympathetic outflows originate in the sacral parasympathetic nuclei. The sacral parasympathetic nuclei receive inputs from the brainstem. Many areas in the medulla appear to influence sympathetic outflow of the spinal cord. Whether neurons in these areas of the medulla may project to the lumbosacral cord to affect the parasympathetic outflow has not been studied clearly. Thus, this study was intended to investigate origins of cells projecting from the medulla to the sacral parasympathetic nuclei of the spinal cord. In 3 cats, horseradish peroxidase (HRP) was injected into the lower lumbar spinal cord. HRP labeled neurons were found mainly in the following areas: nucleus retroambiguus, nucleus tractus solitarius, raphe complex and ventrolateral area of the rostral medulla. Most of these areas are known to be involved in regulation of sympathetic activity, and, thus, these results indicate that these areas are likely to affect the sacral parasympathetic outflow as they do for the sympathetic nerves.

아유르베딕 식이요법이 자율신경과 pH에 미치는 영향

정미숙(Cheong, Mee Sook),연주현(Yeon, Joo Hyun) 한국요가학회 2018 요가학연구 Vol.- No.19

본 연구는 아유르베딕 식이요법이 자율신경에 미치는 영향이 어떠한지 알아보고 체질별 식단을 통한 건강예방과 치유를 위한 목적이다. 본연구를 위한 참여자들은 스스로 참여 의지를 보여 주었고 연구동의서에 동의하고 연구의 규칙을 지키겠다고 서약한 15명 중 끝까지 연구에 참여한 13명을 선정하였다. 참여자들의 체질은 바따 4명, 삣따 3명, 까파 6 명이다. 본 연구는 자연치유의 한 방법인 아유르베딕 식이요법을 활용 하여 연구 참여자의 체질에 알맞은 음식을 섭취하도록 하고 사전, 사후 검사를 통하여 알아보았다. 본 연구는 2017년 9월 14일부터 12월 14일까지 주 1회 총 13회기를 체질에 알맞은 식사를 제공하고 집에서도 식단표 대로 식사를 하게끔 식단표를 나누어 주었다. 매주 식후에 HRV와 ORP 를 측정하였다. 연구를 위한 측정도구는 HRV (심박동 변이) 와 ORP (산화환원 전위차) 를 사용하였다. HRV 측정 (10점 기준) 결과, 바따형 4명의 교감활성은 사전 측정시 7.03이었으나 사후 6.49로 3명은 하락, 1명은 증가 결과를 보였고 부교감활성은 사전 5.72에서 사후 6.27로 3명 증가, 1명은 종전과 비슷한 수준의 유지상태 결과를 보였다. 삣따형 3명의 교감활성은 사전 6.58에서 사후 6.28로 2명 하락, 1명 증가하였고 부교감활성은 사전 5.80에서 사후 6.45로 3명 모두 증가한 결과를 나타냈다. 까파형 6명의 교감활성은 사전 6.78에서 사후 6.32로 4명 하락, 2명 증가하였고 부교감 활성은 사전 5.69에서 6.11로 6명은 증가하였다. 또한 ORP 측정결과, 바따형 4명은 사전 검사시 246mV이었으나 사후 39mV로 낮아졌고, 삣따형 3명은 사전 234mV에서 사후 ­17mV, 까파형 6명 또한 사전 230mV에서 49mV로 참여자 모두 약알칼리로 낮아져 가는 추세를 보였고 참여자중 2명은 마이너스를 보일 정도로 신체가 중성에 근접해 갔다. 결론적으로 본 연구결과를 살펴볼 때 아유르베딕 식이요법이 교감과 부교감신경에 긍정적인 영향을 미친다는 것을 알 수 있었다. 그러므로 체질별 식단이 필요하다는 것을 알 수 있었으며 앞으로 이러한 체계의 프로그램 개발과 연구가 더욱 필요하다고 생각한다. This study aimed to investigate the effects of Ayurvedic dietary therapy on autonomic nervous. There were the 15 participants for this study at first, but the only 13 participants joined until the end of the study. Lastly, only they were selected as the participants for this study. They showed their will to join in the study, signing a consent form for the study, and vowing to obey the rules of this study. By the physical constitution, the participants consisted of four members of Vāta, three members of Pitta, and six members of Kapha. This study used the Ayurvedic dietary therapy, one of the natural healing methods, to ingest appropriate food according to the physical constitution of the study participants and conducted the pre - and post - test. This study was conducted from September 14, 2017 to December 14, 2017, with a total of 13 sessions, once a week, which provided meals suitable for the physical constitution and distributed a menu to eat meals at home too. and After weekly meals, HRV and ORP were measured. HRV and ORP were used for the study. The result of HRV measurements (10 points) showed that the sympathetic activity of the four Vāta types was 7.03 in the pre-test but the result of the post-test was 6.49. Namely, two persons were reduced and the other two were increased. And it also showed that their parasympathetic activity was 5.72 in the pre-test but the result of the post-test was 6.27. Namely, one person was reduced. And it showed that the sympathetic activity of the three Pitta types was 6.58 in the pre-test, but the result of the post-test was 6.28. Namely, two persons were reduced and the other one was increased. And it also showed that their parasympathetic activity was 5.80 in the pretest but the result of the post-test was 6.45. Namely, two persons were increased and the other one person was reduced. In addition, it showed that the sympathetic activity of the six Kapha types was 6.78 in the pretest but the result of the post-test was 6.32. Namely, three persons were increased and the other three were reduced. And it also showed that their parasympathetic activity was 5.69 in the pre-test but the result of the post-test was 6.11. Namely, five persons were increased and the other one person was reduced. Also as a result of ORP measurement, 4 Vāta types were 246mV in the pre-test but decreased to 39mV in the post-test. 3 Pitta types were 234mV in the pre-test but decreased -17mV in the post-test. And 6 Kapha types were also 230mV in the pre-test but decreased 49mV in the post-test. Namely, all of the participants showed a tendency to become weak alkaline, and 2 of the participants came close to neutrality so as to show a minus result. In conclusion, this study showed that the Ayurvedic dietary therapy has a positive effect on the sympathetic and parasympathetic nerves. Therefore, we could know that a diet suitable for the physical constitution was necessary, and we also thought that the program development and studies of this system are needed more for the public health in the future.

Neuroimmune interactions and kidney disease

Sho Hasegawa,Tsuyoshi Inoue,Reiko Inagi 대한신장학회 2019 Kidney Research and Clinical Practice Vol.38 No.3

The autonomic nervous system plays critical roles in maintaining homeostasis in humans, directly regulating inflammation by altering the activity of the immune system. The cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway is a wellstudied neuroimmune interaction involving the vagus nerve. CD4-positive T cells expressing β2 adrenergic receptors and macrophages expressing the alpha 7 subunit of the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor in the spleen receive neurotransmitters such as norepinephrine and acetylcholine and are key mediators of the cholinergic antiinflammatory pathway. Recent studies have demonstrated that vagus nerve stimulation, ultrasound, and restraint stress elicit protective effects against renal ischemia-reperfusion injury. These protective effects are induced primarily via activation of the cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway. In addition to these immunological roles, nervous systems are directly related to homeostasis of renal physiology. Whole-kidney three-dimensional visualization using the tissue clearing technique CUBIC (clear, unobstructed brain/body imaging cocktails and computational analysis) has illustrated that renal sympathetic nerves are primarily distributed around arteries in the kidneys and denervated after ischemia-reperfusion injury. In contrast, artificial renal sympathetic denervation has a protective effect against kidney disease progression in murine models. Further studies are needed to elucidate how neural networks are involved in progression of kidney disease.

스와라 호흡(svara pranayama)과 스트레스의 상관성에 대한 연구

김재민 ( Kim Jae-min ),김동환 ( Kim Dong-hwan ) 인도철학회 2017 印度哲學 Vol.0 No.50

Stress is often called the source of all kind of diseases. Yoga has many therapeutic techniques. Today, first of all, asanas are most popular yogic therapeutic skills and, secondly, meditations are second popular ones. With meditations, attention of yogic breathing techniques have been also increased gradually. In this study, through svara pranayama(one nostril breathing), we make effort to be in search of possibilities of improving stages of stress. In the post-classical yoga traditions, theory of subtle body has been exquisitely developed. The same are Hatha yoga and Svara yoga. In this paper, we focus on the theory which was appeared in the the Siva-Svarodaya and Svara Chintamani . Ida nadi and pingala nadi, one of the core idea of this theory, are connected to the streams of left nostril breathing and right nostril breathing. And both nadis are frequently considered as corresponding to sympathetic and parasympathetic nerves of the autonomic nervous system in modern medical theory of body. Stress has a direct and great influence on the autonomous nervous system which does detailed inner control function necessary for maintaining proper inner circumstance of body. It is known to researchers that measuring the effects of stress by HRV is very efficient and objective. First of all, in this research, autonomous nervous system is effected by svara pranayama based on correlations of nadis and symatheticㆍparasympathetic nerves. And then changes of stress stages are measured. 48 Pharmaceutical salesmen as subjects of the experiment are practiced svara pranayama. HRV measurement results of before and after the breathing show us conclusions which the breathing technique has clearly influence on autonomous nervous system and decreasing stress stages partly.

Sympathetic Nerve Reconstruction for Compensatory Hyperhidrosis after Sympathetic Surgery for Primary Hyperhidrosis

함석진,박승용,백효채,이두연 대한의학회 2010 Journal of Korean medical science Vol.25 No.4

We performed sympathetic nerve reconstruction using intercostal nerve in patients with severe compensatory hyperhidrosis after sympathetic surgery for primary hyperhidrosis, and analyzed the surgical results. From February 2004 to August 2007, sympathetic nerve reconstruction using intercostal nerve was performed in 19 patients. The subjected patients presented severe compensatory hyperhidrosis after thoracoscopic sympathetic surgery for primary hyperhidrosis. Reconstruction of sympathetic nerve was performed by thoracoscopic surgery except in 1 patient with severe pleural adhesion. The median interval between the initial sympathetic surgery and sympathetic nerve reconstruction was 47.2 (range: 3.5-110.7) months. Compensatory sweating after the reconstruction surgery improved in 9 patients,and 3 out of them had markedly improved symptoms. Sympathetic nerve reconstruction using intercostal nerve may be one of the useful surgical options for severe compensatory hyperhidrosis following sympathetic surgery for primary hyperhidrosis.

노인복지관 물리치료실의 물리적 요법이 고혈압 관련 교감신경활성에 미치는 영향

김정현(Jung Hyun Kim),김중환(Jung Hwan Kim) 한국노년학회 2010 한국노년학 Vol.30 No.2

More than 40 percent of Korean older adults have suffered from hypertension, which is one of the great influential factors causing physical disability and death related to cerebrovascular disesase and cardiovascular disease. Development of hypertension has been known to be strongly related to stress by activating sympathetic nerve system, while its possibilities could be decreased through non-pharmacological therapy by alleviating activation of sympathetic nerve system. Since the subjects of most previous research investigating the relationship between non-pharmacological therapy and activation of sympathetic nerve system have been limited to young adults, this study investigated the effects of physical therapy on activation of sympathetic nerve system among 20 older adults participating to the welfare centers for the elderly. This study suggested two research questions: 1) How activation of sympathetic nerve system affects development of high blood pressure?; 2) Whether physical therapy affects activation of sympathetic nerve system? The major findings of this study included the following: 1) Activation of sympathetic nerve system significantly increases the level of blood pressure by causing contraction of blood vessel in animal experiments; 2) In human testing, physical therapy alleviate activation of sympathetic nerve system among older adults. The results of this study stress the need for development of social services in which health and welfare approaches are integrated. 우리나라 노인에게 흔한 만성질환 중 고혈압은 그 이환율이 40% 이상을 차지할 정도로 흔한 질병으로써 뇌혈관질환을 일으켜 신체장애를 일으키기도 하며 고령자 사망의 주요원인인 뇌혈관질환과 심장질환을 일으키기도 한다. 고혈압 이환은 환경적 스트레스에 의한 교감신경활성과 깊은 관계가 있으며 비약물치료가 교감신경활성을 완화시킴으로써 고혈압 이환의 가능성을 저하시킬 수 있으나, 이전의 연구들은 주로 동물 또는 젊은 성인을 대상으로 하여 그 결과를 노인에게 적용하기에는 무리가 있었다. 본 연구는 노인복지관 이용 노인 20명을 대상으로 물리치료실에서 제공하는 물리적 자극치료가 교감신경활성을 저하시켜서 고혈압 이환 가능성을 저하시킬 수 있는지를 조사하였다. 이를 위해 본 연구에서는 1) 동물실험을 통해 교감신경활성이 고혈압 이환에 어떻게 영향을 미칠 수 있는지 작용기전을 조사하고, 2) 노인복지관 이용 노인 중 물리적 자극치료에 참여한 노인과 참여하지 않은 노인의 24시간 뇨-노르에피네프린 수치를 비교함으로써 물리적 자극치료가 교감신경활성 저하에 미치는 영향을 조사하였다. 동물실험 결과, 교감신경활성이 혈관수축을 유발하여 고혈압 이환 가능성을 높인다는 것을 확인하였다. 또한 노인을 대상으로 한 인체실험 결과, 물리적 자극치료가 교감신경활성을 완화시킴을 확인하였다. 본 연구 결과는 노인건강증진을 위해 보건과 복지가 연계된 프로그램 개발의 중요성을 제시한다.

아리랑노래 부르기가 자율신경 균형에 미치는 효과

유명옥 ( Myung Ok You ),배명진 ( Myun Jin Bae ) 한국자연치유학회 2015 Journal of Naturopathy Vol.4 No.1

Several Arirang songs were sung so the researcher analyzed 19 kinds such as stress index and change of an autonomic nerve to study the effect of Arirang music on spirit and physical physiology, and the researcher measured and analyzed stress index, pulse diversity, vitality of sympathetic nerve and parasympathetic nerve, balance of an autonomic nerve, standard deviation of pulse, the normal pulse, and the normal deviation before and after singing Arirang. Also, the researcher analyzed curing effect before and after singing Arirang and did statistical analysis. In singing Arirang training songs such as original Arirang, Jeongseon Arirang, long Arirang, a popular song, and Kwansan swift horse song, it is meaningful that stress index decreased, health index increased, and these songs raise stress resistance and normal heartbeat. TP, LF (Activity of sympathetic nerve), HF (Activity of parasympathetic nerve), suggested number of deep breath, pulse standard deviation (SDNN), normal deviation (RMSSD), cardiac change (HRV), physical stress balance, and spiritual stress balance were meaningful. Autonomic nerve balance (VLF), pNN50, and relative rate between sympathetic nerve (SNS) and parasympathetic nerve (PNS) were not meaningful, but in clinical analysis, there was the effect in normal range.