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6세기 말 7세기 초 고구려와 말갈의 관계-『수서』「말갈전」을 중심으로-
박노석 만주학회 2013 만주연구 Vol.- No.15
『수서』「말갈전」에는 말갈이 속말부, 백산부 등 7개의 부로 나뉘어 있다고 기록하고 있다. 같은 내용이 『북사』나 『구당서』, 『신당서』 등에도 있다. 말갈의 거주 지역을 기존에는 백산부의 백산이 백두산이라고 하면서 다른 부의 상대적 위치를 설명하였다. 그렇다면 말갈은 고구려의 영역내에 거주하고 있는 것이 되므로 여러 가지 면에서 재검토가 필요하다. 고구려와 속말부의 경계선인 도태산(태백산)과 백산부의 거주지인 백산은 대독정자산이다. 그리고 속말부는 지금의 농안 서북쪽에 있었다. 이를 바탕으로 하여 다른 5부의 위치도 재검토 하여야 한다. 중국 정사에 기록되어 있는 말갈인들은 고구려의 북쪽에 거주하고 있던 숙신계 주민이다. 고구려와 숙신족(말갈)은 태조왕대부터 접촉을 하였으며, 서천왕대에는 이들 중 일부를 복속시켰다. 6세기 말에 이르러서도 고구려에는 북쪽에 거주하고 있던 말갈인들 중 일부를 복속시키고 군사의 일부로 활용하였다. It was written in “Malgaljeon” in Shishu including Buksa, Jiu Tang shu, and Xin Tangshu that Malgal was classified into 7 tribes: Sokmalbu, Baeksanbu, and so on. Until now, historians have considered Baeksan, one of the residence of Malgal, as Baekdusan, and explained locations of other tribes through it as the standard. If so, it needs to reconsider this, because this means that Malgal lived in the territory of Gogureo. Dotaesan(Taebaeksan), the border between Gogureo and Sokmalbu, and Baeksan were the Daedokjungjasan. And Sokmalbu was located in the northwest of contemporary Nongan. So we should reconsider locations of others on the basis of this. Malgal written in Chinese Authentic Historic Records consisted of the Sukshin lineage that resided in the north of Gogureo. In the King Taejo of Gogureo, Gogureo and Malgal came into first contact, and the King Seochun conquered some parts of them. In late 6C Gogureo kept conquering them and used some of them as soldiers.
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호서사학회 2012 역사와 담론 Vol.0 No.61
<P> In the history, the appearance of the society of the early Gojoseon which corresponds to Bronze Age mostly remains as archaeology material and some of historical fact are recorded in the literature of PreChin era.</P><P> Among PreChin literatures, the books in which the contents related to Gojoseon are recorded are 『Gwanja』, 『Sanhaekyung』, 『Jeongukchaek』 (The Warring States Book), 『Chunchu』 and 『Sangseo』.</P><P> Through the record of 『Gwanja』, we can know that the early Gojoseon was located in Liaodong or in the area adjacent to Liaodong and did not exist in Liaosi area.</P><P> Furthermore, it is highly likely that Gojoseon existed in the area adjacent to Liaodong.</P><P> And Gojoseon was famous for regional product tiger leather which has pattern and in Chunchu period the Ji(齊) country discussed trade</P><P>with Gojoseon.</P><P> It can be confirmed that according to the record in 『Jeongukchaek』(The Warring States Book), at that time the Gojoseon was located in the area not distant from the frontier of Yan(燕) and was an influence group which they should pay attention to when discussing situation or foreign relation of Yan country.</P><P> Accordingly it can be known that at the latest in the middle of the 4thcentury B.C. the true substance of Gojoseon was distinctly recognized by the people in northern China.</P><P> In 『Sanhaekyoung』’s 「Hanaebukkyung」 the gojoseon was located in the north of the sea and the south of the mountain, and because the area of the present Liaodong and west North Korea area is located with their back toward Jangbaek and Nangrim mountain range and facing the sea with the front it corresponds to the record in 『Sanhaekyoung』.</P><P> In addition, in 『Haenaekyoung』 it is written that Gojoseon is located in the inside of seashore of the East Sea and the corner of the north sea. This means that roughly saying the Gojoseon is within the bounds of the East Sea.</P><P> Finally the article in 『Sanhaekyoung』 only explains the rough situation about the location of Gojoseon and it is inadequate as a material</P><P>which discusses the original location of Gojoseon.</P><P> Some disputants strongly raise the contention that the influence expressed as ‘Sukshin’ or ‘Doyee’, ‘Dongyee’(eastern barbarian) in the literature in ancient China can be seen as the real substance like ‘Joseon’.</P><P> However, because these tribes appear in the same record with ‘Joseon’ it is reasonable that they are seen as tribe groups different from ‘Joseon’.</P><P> In the above the conclusion obtained while reviewing the PreChin literature is the fact that Gojoseon was powerful influence group located in the east of Yan and maintained confrontation situation against Yan in the 4thcentury B.C.</P><P> Only, about the fact that when and where in 7th century B.C. the true substance ‘Joseon’ appeared in the history, there is limitation in approaching to it with literature anymore.</P><P> For clearer interpretation, we have no choice but to assume the area related to the early Gojoseon and judge through remains and relics excavated from there.</P>
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