우리나라 통계의 과제와 풀뿌리 지역통계의정착 방안

양영철 한국지방자치학회 2015 韓國地方自治學會報 Vol.27 No.4

Statistics is the practice of collecting and analyzing numerical data of social issues and phenomena. Statistical accuracy affords the reliable information on the successive history of the past, today, and the future. Local statistics, a subdiscipline of statistics, lay the foundation for a wide range of affairs, ranging from social policy decision making of local governments to that of local residents and enterprises. Also, it is the main factor of the quality and the quantity of national statistics data, thus functioning as its ground work. This influential discipline has, however, not yet been able to play its role in Korea due to absolute insufficiency in infrastructure and the satellization of national statistics causing the absence of statistical autonomy. Grassroots local statistics, defining the concepts of EupㆍMyeonㆍ Dong grassroots governance, has shown little or no performance so far. Considering the fact that local statistics cannot exist without grassroots statistics and may exacerbate the current national statistics’ situation, this study aims to examine the activation plan for grassroots local statistics, which is the most important foundation of statistics in the era of Big Data. 통계는 사회적 현상을 수량으로 표현한 것이다. 정확한 통계는 사회현상을 역사와, 현재, 미래까지말을 해 준다. 통계 중에 하나인 지역통계는 지방자치단체의 정책결정에서부터 시작하여 지역의 기업과 지역주민들의 의사결정에 기초를 제공한다. 뿐만 아니라 지역통계는 국가통계의 기초이기 때문에국가통계의 질과 양은 지역통계에 의하여 결정된다. 이렇게 중요한 의미를 지닌 지역통계가 우리나라에서는 인프라의 절대부족, 국가통계로 종속화로 인한 통계자치권의 부재 등 때문에 제 역할을 하지 못하고 있다. 본 연구에서 개념정의하고 있는 읍면동을 포함하는 풀뿌리 지역통계는 미미하여 제 역할을 하지 못하고 있다. 풀뿌리 통계 없이는 지역통계가 존재하지 않고, 따라서 국가통계 기반자체도 허약할 수밖에 없기 때문에 빅 데이터 시대에 가장 기초적인 통계 분야인 풀뿌리 지역통계 활성화 방안이 본 연구의 연구 목적이다.

미래통계청: 국가통계거버넌스의 독립적 위상과 ‘통계기반정책분석’ 기관으로의 재창조

강창익,심광호,이철주 통계청 2022 통계연구 Vol.27 No.1

This study empirically recognizes that the current national statistical governance system in Korea has not prepared to effectively lead evidence-based policies through national statistics as well as administrative data and other information. The implementation of “Statistics-based policy” is proposed as a conceptual model of the Future Statistics Korea for the purpose and management of statistically-based policy outcomes and to respond to the demands of various statistics required by the era of the 4th industrial revolution. Evidence of statistics should be induced by judging and analyzing how various statistical information affects the policy performance of government and public agency. In addition, ‘National Statistics Governance’ needs to be discussed anew in order to improve the performance of the public policy in South Korean government. It is suggested that the “Ministry of National Statistics” and “National Statistics Performance Committee” be established as the National Statistics Authority in the National Statistics Governance of South Korea. For this purpose, we propose the establishment of a “Statistics-Based Policy Performance Analysis Institution”, Statistics-based Performance Management Officer”, and “Statistical Performance Analysis Platform” as various institutional elements. 본 연구는 현재 한국의 국가통계거버넌스 체계가 국가통계는 물론 행정자료 및 데이터 등을 통해 증거기반정책을 효과적으로 이끌도록 마련되어 있지 못하다는 경험적 인식하에 4차 산업혁명 시대가 요구하는 다양한 통계의 수요에 대응하고, 통계를 기반으로 한 정책성과의 지향 및 관리를 위한 미래통계청의 개념적 모델로 “통계기반정책”의 구현을 제안하였다. 또한, 다양한 통계적 정보가 정부 및 공공기관의 정책적 성과에 어떠한 영향을 미치는지를 판단하고 분석하여, 통계의 증거화를 유도하고, 이를 통해 해당 정책 등의 성과를 개선하도록 ‘국가통계거버넌스(National Statistics Governance)’를 새롭게 논의할 필요가 있으며, 국가통계거버넌스의 국가통계당국(National Statistics Authority)으로서 “(가칭)국가통계부” 및 “(가칭)국가통계성과위원회”의 설치를 건의하며, 이를 위한 제반 제도적 요소로 “통계기반정책성과분석기구”, “통계성과담당관”, “통계성과분석플랫폼”의 구축을 제안한다.

사법통계의 현황과 개선방안

김두얼 ( Kim Duol ) 사법정책연구원 2023 연구보고서 Vol.2023 No.8

Collecting and analyzing appropriate statistics is necessary for the courts to understand their current situations and further improve them by dealing with the problems at issue. For such analysis, it is especially important to analyze raw data concerning individual cases, not the aggregate statistics on the courts’ activities as a whole. Like many other countries having modern judicial systems, the Korean courts have also collected various statistics either from the information gathered in the process of case filing and adjudication, or from the decisions rendered by the judges. Those statistics are disclosed to the public (including the relevant researchers) mainly in the form of the ‘Yearbook of Judicature’, which contains comprehensive statistics of courts’ case-dealings. Compared with the counterparts in other countries, the level of statistics included here are hardly said to fall behind, in terms of quantity and quality as well. However, statistics in the form of printed documents or PDF files, as the Yearbooks of Judicature have conventionally been published, cause considerable difficulty to the researchers in using them. This obstacle can be removed substantially by establishing a website (normally called the ‘statistics data portal’) dedicated to the presentation of various statistics according to the individual needs and selection, which the Korean courts are also planning to embrace it in its ‘next-generation electronic litigation system’ currently under implementation for the full introduction in the near future. But the Korean court statistics contained in the Yearbook of Judicature (hereinafter ‘the Yearbook Statistics’) have other problems, in terms of contents as well as of format. For example, the first part of the Yearbook Statistics, namely the ‘Overview’ section, basically consists of nationwide statistics, nevertheless concurrently mingling with description and evaluation based on such statistics, which leads the purpose of this section ambiguous. Also, incoherent descriptions and tables between each of the three parts of the Yearbook Statistics, i.e. the ‘Overview’, ‘Time Series’ and ‘Individual Tables’, can be frequently found. In addition, the Yearbook Statistics on the whole contains some inadequate information, and lack of basic consistency is to be found even on the level of individual tables and charts. A fundamental solution to such problems is to offer statistics via website, not in the form of printed documents as the Yearbook Statistics. However, publishing just the existing tables and charts in the Yearbook Statistics in the form of web document is not enough. It is necessary to design the website with the help of experts in statistics in such a manner, in which a user can freely choose detailed statistics or time series over several years, according to his or her needs. And the remaining Yearbook of Judicature, excluding the Yearbook Statistics, can be used for comprehensive diagnosis of the court performances. The more essential problem, however, of the court statistics goes beyond the technical shortcomings of Yearbook Statistics; it lies in such a fact that the Korean courts are extremely reluctant to offer raw data on individual cases. Analysis of the aggregate statistics selectively chosen by the courts themselves is not sufficient to diagnose the problems encompassing the courts and find out causes thereof. In order to encourage researches based on judicial statistics and also establish a positive feedback in which more useful statistics can be gathered by those researches, it is essential to expand related researchers groups, while providing them with more raw data for that purpose. Even considering the personal data protection and other limitations under the existing legal system, it is necessary for the courts to develop various levels and methods of offering raw data according to the nature of data and purpose of its use, such as sample extraction or establishing special places for browsing classified data. Furthermore, together with the improvements of the judicial statistics, the courts can also contribute to the research of policy on the long term basis by collecting, organizing and presenting past data and statistics that are yet to be digitalized in the form of historical statistics. Lastly, in order for the courts to embark on the various measures of improving judicial statistics mentioned above, it needs to recognize the importance of the analysis and application. To this end, it is desirable for the JPRI, the institution endowed relatively with a freedom of research within the courts, to invite experts to engage in researches on statistical analysis. If researchers in the JPRI, in cooperation with the court data center in charge of collection and maintenance of judicial statistics, would be able to accumulate and spread their meaningful studies inside and outside the courts, it could also offer a significant momentum for the courts to recognize the importance of statistics.

토지통계 운용의 실태분석 연구

이성화(Lee, Seong Hwa),김봉준(Kim, Bong Joon) 한국지적학회 2011 한국지적학회지 Vol.27 No.2

본 연구의 목적은 토지통계 운용의 실태를 분석하고, 그 결과를 토대로 발전방향을 제시하는 것이다. 이러한 연구목적을 효과적으로 달성하기 위해 다양한 공공기관에서 생산하고 있는 토지통계들 중 국가가 승인한 토지통계 7종을 연구대상으로 한정하고, 연구범위는 토지통계를 생산ㆍ관리하고 주요업무 및 정책영역에 적극 활용하고 있는 국토해양부 주택토지실내 토지정책관과 국토정보정책관 소속 부서들로 설정하였다. 분석결과, 첫째, 토지통계가 토지정책관과 국토정보정책관의 주요업무 및 정책에서 활용되지 못하는 통계공백 현상을 확인하였고, 둘째, 7종의 토지통계의 세부항목들 가운데 상호 중복되거나 유사한 항목들이 다수 발견되었다. 이러한 분석의 결과를 토대로 발전방향을 제시하면, 첫째, 토지통계의 신규항목 개발을 위한 정기적 수요조사를 실시할 것과, 둘째, 기존의 토지통계간 상호 중복되거나 유사한 항목을 통합하여 현재 7종의 토지통계를 4종으로 변경할 것을 제시하였다. The purpose of this study is to analyze the status of land statistics management and suggest directions for land statistics development based on such analysis. In order to effectively achieve such study goals, 7 types of national certified statistics among the land statistics produced by various public institutions were selected as study subjects and the study scope was set to Ministry of Land Housing Land Department Land Policy Administrator and Land Information Administrator subdivisions which producesㆍmanages land statistics and actively applies them in major tasks and policy areas. Analysis results show; first, land statistics confirmed the lack of statistics that are not utilizes in major tasks and policies of the Land administrator and Land Information Administrator, and second, among the sub-items in 7 types of land statistics there are overlapping or similar items. Based on such analysis results, the following development directions are suggested; first, it was suggested that a regular demand study for land statistics' new item development be carried out and second, items that overlap or are similar in the existing land statistics be integrated to make 7 types of land statistics into 4 types.

조선총독부의 통계행정기구 변화와 통계자료 생산

송규진 ( Kue Jin Song ) 수선사학회 2015 史林 Vol.0 No.54

Right after its occupation of the Korean Peninsula, Japan abolished the Statistics Division which had been set up during the Korean Empire, but reestablished it in 1918. However, it abolished the division again in 1922, thus keeping an exclusive statistical authority only for a certain period of time. Japan frequently changed administrative structures in charge of statistics, as they revised the Administrative Regulation of “the Government-General of Korea” and the Regulation of Administrative Responsibilities of “the Government-General of Korea”. This meant instability in the colonial statistics administration system. Nonetheless, “the Government-General of Korea” placed the head of statistics not only in the central division, but even in terminal organizations of local departments in 1911 to ensure an unproblematic statistical report. Saito Makoto, who had been appointed as governor-general after the March 1 Independent Movement, addressed the importance of statistical work. Thereafter, the Governor-General not only held the statistics head meetings but also statistics exhibitions, and even implemented a reward system to encourage officials in charge of statistics to process them quickly and accurately. The Case Report is a report that evaluated the operating plan and legislation of “the Government-General of Korea” and guidelines for various work tasks in Colonial Korea. The Case Report was divided into a technical report and a statistical report but, as the statistical report comprised most of the report, the Case Report can be considered as the primary data source for producing statistics. Since the implementation of the Case Report System in 1911, the contents of the reports had changed according to the reorganization of “the Government-General of Korea” and statistical authorities. Based on the Case Report System, “the Government-General of Korea” published various research reports, either annual or monthly, on statistics for each department. Out of these numerous sources of the Governor-General’s data, the Statistical Yearbook of “the Government-General of Korea” has been most extensively used by researchers. Each department in the Japanese administrative structure produced statistical data and, in the case of 1944, the Governor-General’s Secretariat had produced the most statistical data out of all central departments of “the Government-General of Korea”. In the Governor-General’s Secretariat, the investigation division, which was the competent authority for statistics, produced 90% of its statistics. Out of the statistical data, the publication rate was about 55.9%, and 44.1% of the data was confidential. Therefore, those containing general information, including the Statistical Yearbook of “the Government-General of Korea”, were officially published by each department. However, what the people of Chosun need not or should not know classified confidential and used internally. Its high ratio, however, is considered as one of the distinct features.

서비스무역 통계의 정보가치 제고방안

박문서(Moon-Suh Park) 한국관세학회 2006 관세학회지 Vol.7 No.4

Even if the quality of services statistics has increased in Korea over the last decade, users feel lots of inconvenience in creating trade policy or enterprise strategy. This phenomenon is mainly due to the lack of indicators of services statistics and Korea's institutional inertia for statistics system of trade in services. The purpose of this paper is to analyse the inherent problems relating to the process and system of services statistics and to prepare some countermeasures for enhancing the information value of service trade statistics. Nonetheless the statistics paradigm shifts, Korea doesn't prepare the effective statistics processing system for trade in services because the services governance is dispersed and decentralized. This paper suggests that services statistics system should be improved at all points of statistics process, that is, measuring, data processing, verifying, announcing, etc., that the understanding and usage of which the 'services' are not offered free but paid the price should have in mind, and that services statistics categories and indicators should be diversified. It also suggests that improving the quality of services statistics, applying the s-SCM strategy, and preparing the governing rule of services statistics and standard indices for services statistics should be taken for enhancing the information value of service trade statistics.

지역통계의 현황 분석 -지역전략산업을 중심으로-

한수철,전수영,진서훈 한국자료분석학회 2009 Journal of the Korean Data Analysis Society Vol.11 No.2

Since Korea National Statistical Office has a main roll of statistical system in Korea, the central government has good quality of production in statistics. However, self- government dose not have capacity for producing various types of regional statistics. In accordance with the requirements for regional statistics, we have studied the problems of regional statistics. We have also analyzed the relevance of regional statistics with regional strategic industries. Only 49.6 workers, in average, are related to production of statistics in city or province. There are not enough regional statistics for regional strategic industries. In order to improve the level of the regional statistics human resource has to be reinforced for producing regional statistics. Also, statistics related workers have to improve their capability and Korea National Statistical Office should support the production of regional statistics. Government, university, and institute can work together for producing practically useful regional statistics. 우리나라의 통계제도는 통계청을 중심으로 집중화되어 있어 중앙정부의 통계생산체계와 질은 상당한 수준에 올라올 수 있었지만, 지방자치단체의 경우는 지역발전에 필요한 다양한 통계생산은 물론 기본적인 자료의 축적마저도 미비한 것이 현실이다. 본 연구에서는 지역통계의 통계작성활동 현황, 지방자치단체의 통계조직과 인력구성 등의 현황을 분석하고 지역통계의 문제점을 살펴보았다. 또한 지역별 전략산업과 관련한 통계생산을 분석하고 지역특성통계의 현황을 파악하였다. 2008년 9월 기준으로 광역시․도의 본청 내 통계를 담당하고 있는 직원 수는 총 794명으로 평균 49.6명으로 광역시․도의 규모를 고려할 때 매우 적은 수이며 지역전략산업과 연관된 통계의 생산수준이 미흡한 것으로 파악되었다. 효과적인 지역경제사회의 개발정책수립을 뒷받침하고 지역통계자료를 체계적으로 생산, 공급할 수 있도록 지역통계를 발전시키기 위해서는 통계담당인력을 확충하고 통계담당인력의 전문성을 제고하며 통계청의 지역통계개발에의 적극적인 지원이 필요하다. 또한 관․학․연간 협력을 통해 보다 실제적으로 필요한 통계를 생산해 내야 할 것이다.

무역통계 및 실적 차이에 관한 諸문제

박광서(Kwang-So PARK),박연우(Youn-Woo PARK) 한국무역상무학회 2015 貿易商務硏究 Vol.67 No.-

The accurate national trade statistics can show the real nation's trade situation, and contribute to setting up the national's trade plans and corporate's strategies. This study researches the differences between trade statistics and actual trade record among the national and international statistics and suggests improvement plans to solve the problems. There are 4 types' differences among the trade statistics as follows; First, a statistical differences between Korea Customs Service and Bank of Korea by yearly US$9.6billions because of standard and boundary of trade statistics. Second, a statistical differences between Ministry of Trade, Industry and Energy and Korea Customs Service because of the time and purpose of trade statistics release. Third, a statistical differences between Korea and counterpart countries because of standard of trade statistics, intermediate countries and rules of origin. Lastly, a statistical differences between nation's statistics and corporate record because of typing errors and indirect export record. The fundamental improvement plans are Korea statistics rules like Korea Foreign Trade Rules and Korea Custom Rules, need to coincide with the international rules like IMTS, MSITS, BPM6 etc. Especially the rules of statistics related to intermediary trade, processing trade and transit trade have to revise with new BPM6 rules. In addition, a reasonable care of trade statistics from accumulation to utilization of trade information is more important than statistical regulation or system, so all persons concerned including exporters, importers, government official pay attention the statistics and cooperate together.

지적통계의 이용실태 및 한계진단 연구

이성화(Lee, Seong Hwa) 한국지적정보학회 2011 한국지적정보학회지 Vol.13 No.2

본 연구의 목적은 지적 및 부동산분야 전문가를 대상으로 설문조사를 실시하여 지적통계의 이용실태 및 한계를 진단하고, 지적통계의 개선방향을 제시하는 것이다. 이러한 연구목적을 효과적으로 달성하기 위해 연구대상은 지적통계연보로 한정하고, 연구의 범위는 지적통계의 한계진단을 위한 의식조사로 설정하였다. 연구목적과 연구범위를 충실히 수행하기 위해 조사방법은 문헌조사와 설문조사를 병행하였으며, 분석방법은 SPSS 12.0을 활용하여 빈도분석, 교차분석을 실시하였다. 분석결과, 첫째, 지적통계의 이용 및 활용실태 조사에서는 지적통계의 이용용도, 활용정도, 통계획득의 경로 등에서 응답자별 상이한 결과를 보였다. 둘째, 이용만족도 및 한계진단 조사에서는 응답자의 대부분이 보통이하의 만족도를 보이는 것으로 나타났다. 셋째, 지적통계의 개선방향으로 이용실태측면에서는 지적통계의 수요 및 품질진단 시스템을 구축, 통계데이터가 첨부된 디스크 파일의 제공, 통계포털의 인터페이스 전환을 제시하였으며, 한계 및 관리측면에서는 통계의 가독성 향상을 위한 통계그래프의 다양화와 통계지리정보의 제공을 제시하였다. ?;?;The purpose of this research is to carry out a survey for cadastral and real estate professional to diagnose Use States and limitations of cadastral statistics, and to suggest the ways to improve cadastral statistics. In order to effectively achieve such research purpose, the research subjects were limited to cadastral statistics chronology and the research scope was set as the opinion survey for diagnosing the limitations of cadastral statistics. Research method for faithful fulfillment of research purpose and research scope was literature review and survey. while analysis method was SPSS 12.0, using frequency analysis and cross tabulation.<br/> ?;?;Analysis results show; first, the cadastral statistics utilization and application status research shows different reactions per participant in utilization frequency of cadastral statistics, its usage, statistics acquisition route. Second, utilization satisfaction and limitation diagnosis research shows that most of the respondents showed less than average level of satisfaction. Lastly, for the ways to improve cadastral statistics, in terms of the current usage status, establishment of diagnosis system for cadastral statistics demands and quality, and provision of disk files including statistics data were suggested, and in terms of the limitation and management, diversification of statistics graphs for improving the readability of statistics, and provision of statistical geographic information were suggested.

정책적 증거로서 통계의 함의 구현: ‘통계기반정책분석’ 기능의 사례 분석과 제도화에 대한 연구

심광호,이철주,주기완 통계청 2023 통계연구 Vol.28 No.1

This study recognizes that the Statistics Korea as a supporter of government policy making and performance management has not institutionally established the formal function to professionally analyze what role the statistics produced, distributed, and shared by itself play in the policy process of the government and how the statistics affect policy performance. Hence, the study was intended to propose a model and policy tasks to institutionalize the role of guiding the judgment and improvement of policy performance based on statistics as ‘policy evidence.’ For this, the study explored the normative implications of the importance of evidence in the policy process, analyzed the UK Statistics Authority’s system and function of statistics-based policy analysis and provided empirical examples of statistical-based policy analysis contents leading to change and improvement in the related policy making and policy outcomes, and built up a module for developing statistical indicators and analyzing policy performance based on statistics and then empirically tried to diagnose existing statistical indicators and simultaneously suggest new statistical indicators by applying the module to specific programs run by specific Korean ministry. Based on all these study results, we proposed the institutionalization of the ‘statistics-based policy analysis’ function to the Statistics Korea as the national statistics authority of South Korea. 본 연구는 국가통계당국으로서 정책결정 및 성과관리의 지원자 위치에 있는 한국통계청이 생산, 분배 및 공유하는 통계가 정부의 정책과정에서 어떠한 역할을 하고 있고 정책성과에 어떠한 영향을 미치는지에 대한 전문적 분석기능이 제도적으로 구축되어 있지 않은 현실에 주목한다. 특히, ‘정책적 증거’로서 통계를 기반으로 한 정책성과의 판단과 제고를 유도하는 역할을 제도화하는 모델과 정책적 과제들을 제안하고자 하였다. 이를 위해 정책과정에서의 증거의 중요성에 대한 규범적 의미를 파악하였고, 영국통계당국의 통계기반정책분석 체계 및 기능을 분석하여 통계기반의 정책분석 내용들이 관련 정책결정 및 정책성과의 변화와 개선을 이끄는 경험적 사례를 제공하였다. 또한 통계지표 개발 및 통계분석의 모듈을 구상하여 이를 한국 특정 부처의 특정 사업들에 적용함으로써 기존 통계지표의 진단과 새로운 통계지표의 제안을 경험적으로 시도하였다. 이러한 모든 과정을 바탕으로 한국통계청에 ‘통계기반정책분석(statistics-based policy analysis)’ 기능의 제도화를 제안하였다.