한의학 연구에 활용된 통계분석 방법에 대한 고찰

장선일,윤용갑,최경호,Jang, Seon-Il,Yun, Young-Gab,Choi, Kyoung-Ho 대한한의학방제학회 2009 大韓韓醫學方劑學會誌 Vol.17 No.1

Objective : The purpose of this study is to indicate of problems in statistical analysis method of "The Korean Journal of oriental Medical Prescription" and we will be proposed the useful application of the statistical analysis method. Methods : In this paper, we were analysed statistical analysis methodology from published journal articles "The Korean Journal of Oriental Medical Prescription" December, year 2000 to December, year 2008. We were investigated of problems in application of structured analysis methods those journal articles that including statistical analysis techniques and analysis methods. Results : 1. A random allocation of the experimental group and control groups are important factors in the planning process of statistical analysis. However, there are less explanation those journal articles. 2. There are no consideration in specimen size that there will be considerate by the level of significance and statistical test. 3. Many article authors were confused between parametric methods and non-parametric methods that they were applied parametric statistical analysis methods although inapplicable sample size. 4. There were applied the parametric methods consists of t-test instead non-parametric methods in the comparison of average intergroup relations. 5. There were less understanding posterior analysis and were confused with t-test. Conclusion : Our goal was to outline the key methods with a brief discussion of problems(statistical analysis methods), avenues for solutions. we recommend authors to use an appropriate statistical analysis methods for obtaining a more cautions results.

체육학에서의 통계적 연구: 회귀분석을 중심으로

정연택,최연재 인문사회 21 2022 인문사회 21 Vol.13 No.3

체육학에서의 통계적 연구: 회귀분석을 중심으로정 연 택*ㆍ최 연 재** 요약: 통계적 연구 방법이 발전하면서 회귀분석을 체육학에서 사용하는 빈도가 높아지고 있다. 회귀분석은 상관분석에 비해 세밀한 연구 문제를 탐색할 수 있는 장점이 있다. 그리고 타당한 결론을 얻기 위해 회귀분석은 변수 선정이 무엇보다 중요하다. 회귀분석의 오류와 주의할 점을 고려하여 1장에서는 회귀분석의 역사와 개념에 관해서 서술하였으며, 2장은 회귀분석의 기본 가정 중, 상관관계와 다중공선성에 관한 기술이 이루어졌다. 3장에서는 다중회귀분석의 추정 방식을 분석하였으며, 4장에서는 최소자승법, 표준화 회귀계수, 비표준화 회귀계수의 중요도를 설명하였다. 5장에서는 단순회귀모형과 중다회귀모형에 대하여 서술하였으며, 6장은 앞서 기술한 회귀분석을 바탕으로 논의가 이루어졌다. 그리고 7장에서는 회귀분석의 활성화를 위한 방안을 제시하였다. 핵심어: 체육학, 통계적 연구, 회귀분석, 다중공선성, 상관분석 □ 접수일: 2022년 5월 11일, 수정일: 2022년 6월 6일, 게재확정일: 2022년 6월 20일* 주저자, 영남대학교 사범대학 특수체육교육과 교수. (First Author, Professor, Yeungnam Univ., Email: jyt7872@yu.ac.kr)** 교신저자, 영남대학교 사범대학 특수체육교육과 강사. (Corresponding Author, Lecturer, Yeungnam Univ., Email: 20802191@yu.ac.kr) Statistical Research Methods in Physical Education:Focusing on Regression AnalysisYeontaek Jeong & Yeonjae Choi Abstract: Development of statistical research methods, the frequency of using regression analysis in physical education is increasing. Regression analysis has the advantage of being able to explore detailed research problems compared to correlation analysis. And to obtain valid conclusions, the selection of variables in regression analysis is of paramount importance. In consideration of errors and cautions in regression analysis, Chapter 1 describes the history and concept of regression analysis, and Chapter 2 describes correlation and multicollinearity among the basic assumptions of regression analysis. Chapter 3 analyzed the estimation method of multiple regression analysis, and Chapter 4 explained the importance of least squares method, standardized beta coefficient, and non-standardized regression coefficient. Chapter 5 described the simple regression model and multiple regression model, and Chapter 5 discussed the regression analysis described above. And in Chapter 6 presented a way to activate regression analysis. Key Words: Physical Education, Statistical Research Methods, Regression Analysis, Multicollinearity, Correlation Analysis

시어의 언어적 분석의 효용성에 관하여

신희삼 한국어의미학회 2010 한국어 의미학 Vol.32 No.-

Literature is the art of language. Here’s a stylistic analysis of linguistic approaches to the efficiency with which that was studied. In chapter 2, statistical analysis and nonstatistical analysis were discussed. In statistical analysis, quantitative analysis of phonological and lexical dealt. Items syllable, coda consonants, ivowel, bisexual bar. Nasal, liquid, etc coda plosive. Analyzed and compared with the traditional style. In analyzing patterns of individual word nonstatistical two items dealt with the honorific. In chapter 3, the limits of linguistic analysis has been developed with the profession to discuss. Linguistic analysis, statistical analysis of the benefits of giving unity to the whole works, and works will benefit analysis. Nonstatistical analysis of the benefits of the writers and the overall image of the work and aesthetic interpretation is that a key role. Linguistic approach to the city, despite the many advantages, has some weaknesses and limitations. Stylistic analysis of the target audience without exception, only in the eyes of writers and analysts is overlooking. The stylistic analysis of the future response of the readers of scientific, objective and based on this new style of data analysis techniques in the direction of the development will have to.

Inappropriate Survey Design Analysis of the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey May Produce Biased Results

김양호,박선민,김남수,이병국 대한예방의학회 2013 예방의학회지 Vol.46 No.2

Objectives: The inherent nature of the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES) design requires special analysis by incorporating sample weights, stratification, and clustering not used in ordinary statistical procedures. Methods: This study investigated the proportion of research papers that have used an appropriate statistical methodology out of the research papers analyzing the KNHANES cited in the PubMed online system from 2007 to 2012. We also compared differences in mean and regression estimates between the ordinary statistical data analyses without sampling weight and design-based data analyses using the KNHANES 2008 to 2010. Results: Of the 247 research articles cited in PubMed, only 19.8% of all articles used survey design analysis, compared with 80.2% of articles that used ordinary statistical analysis, treating KNHANES data as if it were collected using a simple random sampling method. Means and standard errors differed between the ordinary statistical data analyses and design-based analyses, and the standard errors in the design-based analyses tended to be larger than those in the ordinary statistical data analyses. Conclusions: Ignoring complex survey design can result in biased estimates and overstated significance levels. Sample weights, stratification, and clustering of the design must be incorporated into analyses to ensure the development of appropriate estimates and standard errors of these estimates.

Inappropriate Survey Design Analysis of the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey May Produce Biased Results

Kim, Yangho,Park, Sunmin,Kim, Nam-Soo,Lee, Byung-Kook The Korean Society for Preventive Medicine 2013 예방의학회지 Vol.46 No.2

Objectives: The inherent nature of the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES) design requires special analysis by incorporating sample weights, stratification, and clustering not used in ordinary statistical procedures. Methods: This study investigated the proportion of research papers that have used an appropriate statistical methodology out of the research papers analyzing the KNHANES cited in the PubMed online system from 2007 to 2012. We also compared differences in mean and regression estimates between the ordinary statistical data analyses without sampling weight and design-based data analyses using the KNHANES 2008 to 2010. Results: Of the 247 research articles cited in PubMed, only 19.8% of all articles used survey design analysis, compared with 80.2% of articles that used ordinary statistical analysis, treating KNHANES data as if it were collected using a simple random sampling method. Means and standard errors differed between the ordinary statistical data analyses and design-based analyses, and the standard errors in the design-based analyses tended to be larger than those in the ordinary statistical data analyses. Conclusions: Ignoring complex survey design can result in biased estimates and overstated significance levels. Sample weights, stratification, and clustering of the design must be incorporated into analyses to ensure the development of appropriate estimates and standard errors of these estimates.

무료 통계소프트웨어와 상업 통계소프트웨어의 비교: AMOS와 jamovi 비교를 중심으로

주지혁 한국융합과학회 2023 한국융합과학회지 Vol.12 No.12

연구목적 교육과 연구 과정에서 통계소프트웨어에 대한 접근 비용과 학습의 난이도는 중요한 문제이다. 통계소프트웨어에 대한 접근에서 비용 측면의 저렴함과 학습과 교육 측면의 용이성이 교육과 연구 현장에서 요구되고 있다. 이에 본 연구는 유료 통계 패키지 AMOS와 무료 통계 패키지 jamovi SEM을 이용하여 구조방정식모형 분석을 실시하여 두 가지 소프트웨어의 결과를 비교하였다. 이를통해 교육과 연구에서 무료소프트웨어의 유용성과 활용 가능성을 평가해보는 데 목적이 있다. 연구방법 본 연구의 자료는 구조방정식모형분석에서 자주 언급되는 Bollen(1989) 의 ‘정치적 민주주의(political democracy)’ 자료를 AMOS 18과 jamovi 2.3.18를 활용하여 확인적 요인분석과 구조방정식모형분석을 실시하여 결과를 도출하고, 두 통계 패키지에서 산출된 결과를 비교하였다. 결과 연구결과를 요약하면 두 통계 패키지의 확인적 요인분석 결과에서 비표준화 요인적재치와 표준화 요인적재치가 같았고, 각종 모형적합도 지수에서 미세한 차이를 보였다. 구조방정식모형 분석에서도 확인적 요인분석과 유사한 결과를 보였다. 하지만 AMOS의 경우 타당성분석을 위해 집중타당성과 판별타당성을 확인하기 위해 복잡한 계산이 필요하지만 jamovi의 경우 집중당성 평가를 위한 ω값들과 최근판별타당성 평가를 위해 권장되는 HTMT 상관계수를 출력해주어 편리하다. 결론 분석결과를 통해jamovi는 비용과 이용자의 학습과 교육 측면에서 유료 통계패키지와 비교할 때 활용용이성과 유용성이 있는 것으로 확인하였다. Purpose The cost of access to statistical software and the difficulty of learning it are important issues in education and research. Low cost of access to statistical software and ease of learning and teaching are required in the field of education and research. Therefore, this study conducted a structural equation modelling analysis using AMOS, a paid statistical package, and jamovi SEM, a free statistical package, to compare the results of the two software. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the usefulness and applicability of free software in education and research. Methods In this study, the data of 'political democracy' of Bollen (1989), which is often referred to in structural equation modeling, were subjected to confirmatory factor analysis and structural equation modeling using AMOS 18 and jamovi 2.3.18, and the results were compared with the results produced by the two statistical packages Result To summarize the results, the confirmatory factor analysis results of both statistical packages showed the same unstandardized and standardized factor loadings, with minor differences in various model fit indices. The results of the structural equation modeling analysis were similar to the confirmatory factor analysis. However, in the case of AMOS, complex calculations are required to check convergent and discriminant validity for feasibility analysis, but jamovi is convenient because it outputs ω values for convergent validity evaluation and the recently recommended HTMT correlation coefficients for discriminant validity evaluation. Conclusion The analysis confirmed that jamovi is easier to use and more useful than paid statistical packages in terms of cost and user learning and education.

개별대상연구 자료의 통계 분석에 관한 연구

양명희 ( Myoung Hee Yang ) 한국정서·행동장애아교육학회(구 한국정서학습장애아교육학회) 2015 정서ㆍ행동장애연구 Vol.31 No.1

개별대상연구는 대부분 시각적 분석을 적용해왔다. 하지만 시각적 분석에 대한 비판과 통계적 분석의 장점에 대한 주장이 커지면서 개별대상연구의 자료에 대한 통계적 분석이 요구되고 있다. 그런데 개별대상연구 자료의 자기상관 관계라는 특성상 전형적인 통계적 분석 방법을 적용할 수 없기 때문에 개별대상연구를 위한 별도의 통계적 분석 방법이 요구된다. 이 연구에서는 개별대상연구 자료의 통계적 분석의 필요성과 문제점, 그리고 그 구체적 방법들을 제시했다. Data of single subject research(SSR) have been visually analyzed. But statistical analysis is demanded nowadays because of the criticism of visual analysis and the advantage of statistical analysis. However typical methods of statistical analysis are not appropriate for SSR because of autocorrelation of SSR data. Therefore methods of statistical analysis for SSR data are needed. This study discussed the need of statistical anaysis of SSR data and the problem of typical statistical analysis for SSR. Also this study presented various methods of statistical analysis for SSR data.

A Review of the Statistical Analysis used in Clinical Articles Published on Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society

Kang, Wee-Chang The Korean Neurosurgical Society 2006 Journal of Korean neurosurgical society Vol.40 No.4

Statistical analyses used in clinical articles published on the Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society were identified and appropriateness of statistical aspects in reporting results was assessed. Forty seven clinical articles were selected in this study, which were published from February, 2005 to February, 2006 on the journal. The frequency of statistical analysis was as follows : descriptive statistics only 24 [51.1%]. one type of statistical method 10 [21.3%], two or more methods 13 [27.6%]. An assessment of statistical aspects was performed in 24 clinical articles reporting inferential statistics. Ten articles [41.7%] did not adequately describe or reference all statistical methods used. There were six articles [25.0%] not reporting the confidence level used as the critical criteria of the statistical significance. In thirteen articles [54.2%] it seems more appropriate to implement multivariate analyses in addition to univariate analyses. We recommend that the journal readers should concentrate on improving their knowledge of basic statistics and statistical review for manuscripts submitted should be sought from professionals in the fields of biostatistics and epidemiology.

체육학에서 요인분석의 통계적 타당화: 탐색적, 확인적 요인분석을 중심으로

정연택,최연재 한국코칭능력개발원 2023 코칭능력개발지 Vol.25 No.5

요인분석은 체육학에서 널리 이용되는 통계기법이며 사용 빈도가 높다. 요인분석은 변수를 축소하거나 제거하여 측정하는 항목의 타당성을 검증한다. 특히, 요인분석은 측정된 자료를 이용하여 변수 생성 등의 목적을 가진다. 따라서 이 연구는 체육학에서 널리 사용하고 있는 분석의 개념과 탐색적, 확인적 요인분석에 대하여 이해하고자 하였다. 1장에서는 요인분석의 특성과 중요성에 관하여 서술하였으며, 2장은 요인분석의 개념과 기본과정에 관한 서술이 이루어졌다. 3장에서는 분석 절차 중 탐색적, 확인적 요인분석의 중요도를 설명하였다. 4장에서는 앞서 설명된 요인분석을 바탕으로 논의를 하였으며, 5장은 통계분석의 합리적 방안을 제시하였다. Factor analysis is a statistical technique widely used in physical education and is frequently used. Factor analysis verifies the validity of items to be measured by reducing or removing variables. In particular, factor analysis has the purpose of creating variables using measured data. Therefore, this study tried to understand the concept of factor analysis widely used in physical education and exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis. Chapter 1. describes the characteristics and importance of factor analysis, and Chapter 2. describes the concept and basic process of factor analysis. Chapter 3. explained the importance of exploratory factor analysis and confirmatory factor analysis among the procedures of factor analysis. In Chapter 4. discussions were made based on the factor analysis described above, and in Chapter 5. rational methods for statistical analysis were presented.

대한치주과학회지에 게재된 학술논문의 통계분석에 대한 평가

남민숙,전창길,한경윤,김병옥,신광용,Nam, Min-Sook,Jeon, Chang-Kil,Han, Kyung-Yoon,Kim, Byung-Ock,Shin, Kwang-Yong 대한치주과학회 2000 Journal of Periodontal & Implant Science Vol.30 No.3

The purpose of this study was to analyze the statistical errors of articles in the Journal of Korean Academy of Periodontology from 1973 to 1999. Of the 662 articles examined, 263 were included which analyzed the data. They were classified into 2 groups with time lapse; group 1: 1973∼1989, group 2: 1990∼1999. Authors made checklists for analyzing the data and detecting the errors and analyzed them with professional statistician. The results were as follows: 1. Of 263 atricles which applied statistical method, 40(19.3%) was in group 1, 223(49.0%) in group2. 2. In the number of statistical method applied, 170(64.6%) were analyzed with 1 statistical method, 73(27.8%) with 2 methods, 18(6.8%) with 3 methods, and 2(0.8%) with 4 methods 3. The number of statistical methods applied was 14, and they were applied in order of 119 of ANOVA, 72 of Student t-test, 63 of Paired t-test, 36 of CORRELATION, and 21 of Mann- Whitney U test. 4. In 87(33.1%) of 263 articles and in 18 error items, statistical errors were found out. In group I, 9 items (55%) of error were found out, and were in order of 5 of Student t-test instead of Paired t-test, and 4 of unnecessary statistical analysis. In group II, 16 items (29.1%) of error were found out, and were in order of 22 of Student t-test instead of Paired t-test, 7 of no multiple comparison test after ANOVA, 6 of Student t-test instead of ANOVA, 6 of unnecessary statistical analysis, and 5 of ANOVA instead of Paired t-test. In conclusion, the results noted that statistical analyses were increased, but statistical errors were decreased with time. But authors suggest that researchers should refer to standard statistical texts and seek advice from professional statisticians to avoid the statistical errors.