서울시 문화기반시설 공간분포특성 분석

이지윤(Lee, Ji-Yoon),최승담(Choi, Seung-Dam) 한양대학교 관광연구소 2018 觀光硏究論叢 Vol.30 No.4

본 연구는 여가시설 관점에서 서울시 문화기반시설의 공간분포를 인구와 이용밀도 분포를 중심으로 분석하고, 연구결과와 관련된 정책적 시사점을 제시하는데 그 목적이 있다. 문화기반시설은 지역민의 최소한의 여가문화선용을 보장하기 위해 조성되는 문화시설로, 지역단위에서 누구에게나 공정한 이용기회가 제공되어야 하는 공공시설로 정의되며, 최근 문화예술 관람 및 활동을 통해 여가활동의 장소로서 기능이 확대되고 있다. 여가시설 관점에서 문화기반시설 중 도서관, 박물관, 미술관, 문예회관, 지방문화원, 문화의 집을 대상으로 군집성 분석, 표준편차타원체 분석 등 공간분포 분석을 실시하였다. 그 결과 전체시설, 도서관, 박물관에 군집성이 나타나, 수요와 이용밀도 분포와 비교하여 공간분포 특성을 도출하였다. 전체시설의 공간분포는 인구분포 및 이용밀도 분포와 상이하여 동북권, 서북권, 서남권에 여가시설로서 문화기반시설의 공급이 우선적으로 집행되어야 함을 시사하였고, 박물관은 이용밀도 분포와 비교해서 동북권, 서북권, 남서권 시설밀도가 이용밀도보다 높게 나타나 이용활성화를 위한 프로그램 개발 및 시설 운영에 대한 지원정책이 검토 필요성을 제기하였다. 그리고 미술관은 인구분포와 비교하여 도심권을 중심으로 동북권 및 동남권 방향으로 군집되어 있으나, 전반적으로 시설밀도와 이용밀도가 비교적 유사하게 나타나 공간분포가 균형을 이룬다고 판단하였다. 본 연구는 여가시설 관점에서 서울시 문화기반시설의 공간분포를 거주인구 및 이용밀도 분포 중심으로 분석하여, 군집성이 나타난 시설에 대해 공급 및 이용 활성화 관점에서 정책적 시사점을 제시했다는데 의의를 가진다. The purpose of this research was to analyze the spatial distribution of cultural infrastructure in Seoul Special City. During this process, emphasis was placed on population and density of use, and policy implications were suggested. Cultural infrastructure is defined as facilities created to guarantee a minimum amount of leisure for local residents that provide fair access among users at the local level. Recently, cultural infrastructure is being increasingly used as places for watching and participating in arts and cultural activities. This study conducted spatial distribution characteristics analysis such as cluster analysis and standard deviational ellipse analysis of leisure facilities including libraries, museums, art galleries, cultural halls, regional cultural halls, and cultural centers. The results found that cluster characteristics appeared in all facilities. Spatial distribution characteristics were drawn by comparing demand and usage density distribution. Differences between the spatial distribution of all cultural infrastructure in Seoul and the population distribution and density of use distribution suggest that the supply of cultural infrastructure should be prioritized in the city’s northeastern, northwestern, and southwestern areas. For museums, facility density appeared high in Seoul’s northeastern, northwestern, and southwestern areas when compared to density of use distribution, underlining the need to support program development and facility operation for more active utilization. Art galleries are clustered in the northeastern and southeastern areas around the city center when compared to population distribution, but spatial distribution appears in balance, as facility density and density of use are relatively similar overall. Based on this analysis, this research presents policy implications from the perspective of supply and promotion of utilization where facilities are clustered.

세력권 방식의 공간적 연관성을 이용한 인구분포 변화 분석

김호용 국토연구원 2012 국토연구 Vol.73 No.-

Recently, there has been a wide range of research in space by introducing the concept of spatial relationship such as spatial autocorrelation. It is very important to set a spatial-weighted value according to the analysis target since spatial effects differ due to a variable affecting space in the study of applying spatial relationship. It is, however, as a matter of fact that researches with regard to setting methods and usefulness of spatial-weighted values fit for the analytic purpose lack. Accordingly, this study presented an appropriate model for analyzing the population distribution change and spatial-weighted value setting by applying the concept of spatial relationship. The results from the analysis using the population data collected every 5 years for 50 years since 1970 interpreted the population distribution change as well as exploring urban planning backgrounds including a large scale development affecting chronological population change. In order to interpret population change and spatial relationship, Anselin’s local Moran’s I model useful for spatial cluster and outlier analysis and spatial-weighted value methods for the sphere of influence type regarding the spatial distribution characteristics of accumulation unit and applying the reaching distance of influence from each respective unit were well-suited. 최근 공간적 자기상관과 같은 공간적 연관성의 개념을 도입하여 공간에 대한 다양한 연구가 수행되고 있다. 공간적 연관성을 적용한 연구에서 공간에 영향을 주는 변수의 특성별로 공간적 영향력이 다르므로 분석 대상에 따라 공간가중치의 설정은 매우 중요하다. 하지만 분석 목적에 맞는 가중치의 설정방안과 유용성에 관한 연구는 부족한 실정이다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 공간적 연관성 개념을 적용하여 인구분포 변화를 분석하는 과정에 적합한 모델과 공간가중치 설정방안을 제시하였다. 1970년부터 5년 단위로 50년간 인구 데이터를 이용한 분석의 결과는, 각 시기별 인구 변화에 영향을 준 대규모 개발행위를 포함하는 도시 계획적 배경을 함께 살펴봄으로써 인구분포 변화를 해석하였다. 인구의 변화 및 공간적 관련성의 해석을 위해서는 공간적 군집성(cluster)과 이례치(outlier) 분석에 유용한 Anselin의 국지적 Moran’s I 모델과 집계단위의 공간적 분포특성을 고려하고 각 개체로부터 영향력이 미치는 거리를 적용한 세력권 방식의 공간적 가중치방법이 적합하였다.

Effect of rainfall spatial distribution and duration on minimum spatial resolution of rainfall data for accurate surface runoff prediction

Kim, Changhwan,Kim, Dae-Hong Elsevier 2018 JOURNAL OF HYDRO-ENVIRONMENT RESEARCH Vol.20 No.-

<P>The effect of rainfall spatial distribution and duration on determining rainfall spatial resolution for runoff discharge prediction and equilibrium time estimation was studied. We simulated hydrographs and equilibrium times of storms which have the same spatial averaged rainfall intensity with wide range of spatial distributions and durations under stationary storm conditions on an idealized plane. The equilibrium times under various rainfall conditions were estimated with an approximate solution based on the kinematic wave assumption. The runoff hydrographs were simulated using a-kinematic wave runoff model. The approximate and computed results were used to investigate the relationship between the spatial-temporal rainfall characteristics and rainfall spatial resolution. From the simulated results, it was found that (i) A required rainfall spatial resolution to achieve threshold accuracy depended on rainfall spatial distribution. For the simulated cases, the critical rainfall spatial resolution was higher as the slope of rainfall spatial distribution was steeper. (ii) The rainfall duration, as well as rainfall spatial distribution, was an important factor for determining a required rainfall spatial resolution for accurate flood prediction. The required rainfall spatial resolution to achieve threshold prediction accuracy was higher as the rainfall duration was shorter. (iii) The rainfall spatial distribution and duration which were traditionally neglected need to be considered in lumped runoff modelling or measurement as an important factor. Although limited to the ideal test cases, the maximum errors due to the low rainfall spatial resolution for the equilibrium time and peak discharge were about 25% and 35%, respectively.</P>

공간통계기법을 이용한 도시공원 분포의 공간적 패턴탐색 연구-서울시를 사례로-

김진원,윤병국,윤성식 한국관광학회 2014 관광학연구 Vol.38 No.6

도시공원은 공공위락시설로서, 도시민들에게 다양한 위락적, 환경적, 교육적, 사회적, 경제적 가치들을 제공한다. 따라서 도시공원 분포의 공간적 패턴들을 탐색하는 것은 보다 효과적인 위락 계획 및 정책수립을 위한 핵심과정이다. 본 연구의 목적은 서울시 도시공원들의 공간적 패턴들을 탐색하는 것으로서, 도시공원의 공간적 분포특징들과 전역적, 국지적 차원에서의 도시공원에 대한 지역별 접근성의 공간적 패턴들을 탐색하기 위하여 점 패턴 분석이나 탐색적 공간 자료 분석과 같은 다양한 공간통계기법들이 사용되었다. 분석결과 서울시의 도시공원의 분포는 공간적으로 균등하지 않은 것으로 나타났다. 세부적으로 도시공원의 접근성에 대한 많은 핫스팟 지역들은 주로 남쪽지역(송파구, 서초구, 강남구, 노원구(예외), 양천구)에서 관측된 데 비해, 콜드스팟 지역들은 주로 북쪽지역(종로구,성북구, 은평구)에서 관측되었다. 이와 같은 결과들은 도시공원에 관한 보다 효과적인 여가계획 및 정책수립을 위한 유용한 자료로 활용될 수 있을 것이다. Urban parks have been recognized as one of the important recreational facilities with recreational, environmental, educational, social, and economic significances. Exploring the spatial patterns of urban park distribution is an essential responsibility of public leisure providers for establishing better recreation policy and planning. The purpose of this study is to explore the spatial patterns of the urban park distribution in Seoul Metropolitan City, South Korea. Several spatial statistical techniques based on point pattern analyses and exploratory spatial data analysis was employed to explore the spatial patterns of urban parks distribution and relevant area park accessibility at global and local scales. The results indicated that urban parks in Seoul were unevenly distributed. Specifically, a number of hot spots were located within Southern areas (Songpa-gu, Seocho-gu, Gangnam-gu, Nowon-gu, Yangcheon-gu), while the distribution of cold spots were observed within Northern areas (Jongno-gu, Seongbuk-gu, Eunpyeong-gu. These findings are useful in helping policy makers establish more effective recreation policy and planning through providing overall identification on distribution of urban parks.

Assessing the Appropriateness of the Spatial Distribution of Standard Lots Using the L-index

Lee, Sang-Kyeong,Lee, Byoungkil Korean Society of Surveying 2013 한국측량학회지 Vol.31 No.6

Standard lots, which are used to assess values of individual lots in Korea, have been criticized for their improper distribution. However, there has been very little evaluation for the spatial distribution of standard lots, and an evaluation method has never been developed. In order to overcome this situation, we attempt to assess the appropriateness of the spatial distribution of standard lots using the L-index and Monte Carlo simulation. The L-index is a well-known indicator of the complete spatial randomness (CSR) of points in spatial statistics. If the L-index of standard lots is similar to that of individual lots, the former is considered to be randomly distributed according to the latter. By analyzing L-indices of two study areas, Gangnam and Seongdong, we find a statistically significant difference in Gangnam area and a relatively small difference in Seongdong area. We confirm that the spatial distribution of standard lots is not CSR and that the L-index is useful as an evaluation method. These results suggest that the standard lot selection and management guidelines need to be modified to apply the spatial distribution of individual lots to the standard lot selection process.

Assessing the Appropriateness of the Spatial Distribution of Standard Lots Using the L-index

이상경,이병길 한국측량학회 2013 한국측량학회지 Vol.31 No.6

Standard lots, which are used to assess values of individual lots in Korea, have been criticized for theirimproper distribution. However, there has been very little evaluation for the spatial distribution of standard lots,and an evaluation method has never been developed. In order to overcome this situation, we attempt to assessthe appropriateness of the spatial distribution of standard lots using the L-index and Monte Carlo simulation. The L-index is a well-known indicator of the complete spatial randomness (CSR) of points in spatial statistics. If the L-index of standard lots is similar to that of individual lots, the former is considered to be randomlydistributed according to the latter. By analyzing L-indices of two study areas, Gangnam and Seongdong, we finda statistically significant difference in Gangnam area and a relatively small difference in Seongdong area. Weconfirm that the spatial distribution of standard lots is not CSR and that the L-index is useful as an evaluationmethod. These results suggest that the standard lot selection and management guidelines need to be modified toapply the spatial distribution of individual lots to the standard lot selection process.

수도권 청년층과 고령층 일자리 분포의 특성과 변화 예측

박소현(So Hyun Park),김경민(Kyung-min Kim),이금숙(Keumsook Lee) 대한지리학회 2018 대한지리학회지 Vol.53 No.1

청년실업과 고령취업의 증가, 베이비부머의 고령층 진입 본격화 등으로 연령세대별 일자리 분포에 상당한 변화가 나타나고 있다. 이에 본 연구는 수도권 청년층과 고령층 취업자를 대상으로 주요 산업별, 직업별 일자리 분포의 공간적 특성과 집중지역의 변화를 살펴보고, 이들 연령세대별 일자리 분포와 학력수준과의 연관성을 파악하였다. 또한 주요 일자리 분포 변화의 공간 마르코프 전이확률을 산출하여 향후 지역별 연령세대별 일자리 분포의 변동성을 예측하였다. 분석결과, 대졸 이상의 고학력 청년층과 고령층은 지식기반서비스업, 전문직과 강한 상관관계를 보이며 서울 디지털산업단지와 강남지역, 이와 인접한 경기남부일대를 중심으로 집중 분포하는 패턴이 관측되고, 향후 고령취업자 중 전문직 종사자의 분포확률은 소폭 증가할 것으로 예측된다. 반면, 고졸 학력의 청년층과 고령층 중 대졸 이상의 학력자에서 저숙련 일자리인 단순노무직과 연관성을 갖으며 분포하는 것으로 관측되고, 단순노무직에 종사하는 청년층과 고령층 취업자의 상위분포지역을 중심으로 향후 분포율이 증가할 것으로 추정된다. 학력수준과 일자리 숙련의 불일치를 감소하기 위해 연령세대별 맞춤식 일자리 제공이 필요할 것으로 보이며, 특히 인천지역과 서울서남부지역 산업단지의 생산관련 일자리 분포에서 고령취업자의 공간적 집중이 관측되므로 이들 지역은 청년층의 취업유도를 위한 제조업의 고도화 및 고졸인력 활용 정책 수립이 이뤄져야 할 것이다. There has been a considerable alteration in the job distribution among age groups in Korea according to the increase in the youth unemployment and the elderly employment in the recent years. The purpose of this study is to investigate the spatial characteristics of job distributions for these two age groups(the youth and the elderly) and predict their spatial distribution. For the purpose, we analyze the spatial correlation between jobs and educational levels in the occupational employment of major industries for these two age groups in the Seoul metropolitan area. We also estimate the spatial Markov transition probability of each job and predict the spatial distribution of jobs by age group. As the result, we found that highly educated persons in both age groups reveal strong correlation with knowledge-based service industries and professional jobs, while their spatial patterns show strong concentration at some specific regions. The probability of professional job distribution is predicted to increase slightly for both age groups. However, low-skilled simple job distribution of the youth is predicted to increase in some specific regions. Regional employment plan should be prepared by region to be customized jobs for each age group as well as to reduce the mismatch problem between the level of education and job skill.

국토 불균형 수준 측정을 위한 지표 구축에 관한 연구

권일(Kweon, Ihl),이경주(Lee, Gyoung-Ju) 대한국토·도시계획학회 2011 國土計劃 Vol.46 No.5

For the last decades, regional and national policy in Korea has focused on economic growth, successfully realizing industrialization as a result Nevertheless, it has been continually criticized that this has formed unbalanced regional spatial structure. Population and the infrastructure of industry, education, culture, politics, etc have excessively concentrated in Seoul Metropolitan Areas (SMAs), creating negative externalities such as high cost with low efficiency in sustaining urban functions due to overcrowdings. Furthermore, regional competitiveness in non SMA regions is seriously weakened due to the skewed spatial structure. In this regard, the planning paradigm in pursuit of realizing balanced regional development has been substantially emphasized. In the process of seeking for balanced regional developments, it is critical to systematically diagnose the overall spatial structure where populations are disproportionately distributed. To this end, some quantitative indices such as Gini index, segregation index, etc. has been used to measure the inequality level of population distribution. However, it has been pointed out those indices cannot distinguish the diverse spatial patterns possibly derived by rearranging regional units over geographic space. Illustratively, spatial clustering of subregions with high population density may exacerbate the disproportionate spatial structure than when the same regional units are distributed randomly over geographic space. This, so-called checkerboard problem has been regarded as a fundamental methodological drawback in many inequality studies. This study aims at devising a spatial imbalance index that can explicitly account for the effect due to the spatial arrangement of unit subregions in estimating the degree of disproportionality in population distribution. The spatial index is defined as the sum of the ratio differences weighted by spatial contiguity and is decomposed into local quantities. The spatial index makes it possible both to observe the overall pattern change of unbalanced population distribution and to portray local image of disparity on a map. The index is empirically applied to examining the spatial structure of population distribution in Korea, followed by some discussions on the useful applicability as a decision support tool in the planning process of realizing balanced regional developments.

자료생성방법을 사용한 강우의 공간분포가 첨두유량의 변동성에 미치는 영향에 대한 실험적 연구

김남원,신문주 한국수자원학회 2017 한국수자원학회논문집 Vol.50 No.6

본 연구에서는 안동댐유역을 대상으로 분포형 모형과 미계측유역 자료생성방법인 공간확장자료 생성방법을 사용하여 47개 미계측유역에 대해 홍수유출 시계열자료를 생성하고 3개 관측유역을 포함한 총 50개 유역에 대해 첨두유량을 추출하여 분석함으로써 강우의 공간분포가 유출에 미 치는 영향을 실제유역과 실제사상에 대해 자세히 분석하였다. 20개 사상에 대해 GRM 모형의 매개변수 보정 및 검증결과 적절한 모형효율 통계결 과를 얻었다. 이 추정된 매개변수와 실제강우(강우의 공간분포를 고려한 강우) 및 공간평균강우(실제강우를 공간적으로 평균한 강우)를 사용하여 50개 유역의 홍수유출 시계열자료를 생성하였으며 이 시계열 자료 중 첨두유량을 추출하여 분석한 결과 공간평균강우에 의한 첨두유량의 분포는 실제강우에 의한 첨두유량의 분포와 차이가 있었다. 강우의 분포가 유역전반에 비슷한 경우에는 실제강우와 공간평균강우에 의한 첨두유량의 분 포가 비슷하거나 약간의 차이가 있었다. 하지만 호우가 상류 또는 하류방향으로 이동하거나 강우가 무작위로 분포되는 경우에는 공간평균강우에 의한 첨두유량의 분포가 실제강우에 의한 첨두유량의 분포보다 크게 좁아지는 것을 보였다. 이러한 사상의 비율을 조사한 결과 강우의 공간적 변동 성을 고려하지 않고 홍수유출을 모의한다면 약 35%의 사상에 대해서는 적절하지 않은 첨두유량 모의결과를 얻을 수 있는 것으로 조사되었다. 따 라서 홍수량 산정 또는 수자원 설계 시 강우의 시간분포 뿐만 아니라 공간분포 또한 고려해야 한다. 계측유역과 미계측유역의 첨두유량의 관계를 조사한 결과 낙동강 지류들에 위치한 미계측유역들의 첨두유량들은 그 크기가 넓게 분포됨에 따라 계측유역의 첨두유량을 사용하여 생성한 power law 관계를 이 미계측유역들의 첨두유량 추정 시 사용할 수 없었다. 또한 계측유역들의 첨두유량 또는 미계측유역 중 상하류로 연결된 비독립적인 소유역들의 첨두유량간에는 power law 가 존재하였으나 낙동강 지류들에 위치한 독립된 소유역들의 첨두유량들 간에는 상관관계가 없었다. This study generated flood time series of ungauged catchments in the Andongdam catchment using a distributed rainfall-runoff model and data generation method, and extracted the peak flows of 50 catchments to investigate the effect of rainfall spatial variability on peak flow simulation. The model performance statistics for three gauged catchments were reasonable for all events. The flood time series of the 50 catchments were generated using distributed and mean rainfall time series as input. The distribution of the peak flow using the mean rainfall was similar or slightly different to that using the distributed rainfall when the distribution of the distributed rainfall was nearly uniform. However, the distribution of the peak flow using the mean rainfall was reduced significantly compared to that using the distributed rainfall when actual storms moved to the top or bottom of the study catchment, or the rainfall was randomly distributed. These cases were 35% of total number events. Therefore, the spatial variability of rainfall should be considered for flood simulation. In addition, the power law relationship estimated using the peak flow of gauged catchments cannot be used for estimating the peak flow of ungauged independent catchments due to latter’s significant variation of the peak flow magnitude.

충청북도 문화기반시설의 공간분포특성 분석 -인구분포에 따른 시설 및 이용밀도를 중심으로-

성보현 ( Seong Bo-hyun ),배명순 ( Bae Myong-soon ) 한국사진지리학회 2021 한국사진지리학회지 Vol.31 No.4

The purpose of this study is to analyze the spatial distribution of cultural infrastructure in Chungcheongbuk-do focusing on the distribution of population and usage density. Using the GIS program, cluster analysis, standard deviational ellipse analysis, and kernel density analysis were conducted on a total of 131 cultural infrastructure classified into six categories: libraries, museums, art galleries, literary centers, local cultural centers, and cultural houses. The spatial directional composition and density (facilities, use) were analyzed for the entire facilities, libraries, museums, and art galleries whose clustering was confirmed. As a result of analyzing the spatial distribution characteristics of cultural infrastructure (all facilities, libraries, museums, art galleries) in Chungcheongbuk-do compared to the population distribution, the standard deviation ellipsoid size of the entire facility and population was similar. Based on this, it is possible to positively evaluate that the expansion of cultural infrastructure in Chungcheongbuk-do was appropriately made to meet the population distribution. Based on the fact that the museum was supplied only to Cheongju-si and that cities in the southern region generally lacked cultural infrastructure, the implications that could be used in the Chungcheongbuk-do cultural infrastructure supply policy were discussed. The limitations of this study were pointed out and follow-up research projects were proposed.