해양환경 공간분포 패턴 분석을 위한 공간자기상관 적용 연구 -광양만을 사례 지역으로-

최현우 ( Hyun Woo Choi ),김계현 ( Kye Hyun Kim ),이철용 ( Chul Yong Lee ) 한국지리정보학회 2007 한국지리정보학회지 Vol.10 No.4

해양환경의 시공간적 분포 패턴을 정량적으로 분석하기 위해 남해 광양만 해양환경 관측 자료를 이용하여 글로벌 및 국지적 공간자기상관 통계를 적용하였다. 연구지역 전체의 해양환경 분포 패턴을 이해하기 위해 Moran`s I, General G와 같은 글로벌 공간자기상관 지수를 사용하였으며, 대상 피쳐(feature)와 이웃 피쳐들과의 유사성 정도를 측정하고 hot spot 및 cold spot을 탐지하기 위해 국지적 Moran`s I (Ii), Gi*와 같은 LISA(local indicators of spatial association)를 사용하였고. 공간 군집 패턴의 신뢰성은 Z-score를 통한 통계적 유의성 검증을 수행하였다. 공간 통계 결과를 통해 년 중 해양환경 공간분포 패턴의 변화를 정량적으로 알 수 있었는데, 일반 해양수질, 영양염, 클로로필 및 식물플랑크톤은 여름철에 강한 군집 패턴을 보였다. 글로벌 지수에서 강한 군집 패턴을 보였을 때 속성 값의 공간적인 변화가 심한 음적 Ii 값을 가지는 전선지역이 탐지되었다. 또한, 글로벌 지수에서 임의적 패턴을 보였을 때 국지적 지수인 Gi*에서는 좁은 지역에서 hot spot과(또는) cold spot이 탐지되었다. 따라서 글로벌 지수는 연구 지역 전체 군집 패턴의 강도와 시계열적 변화 과정 탐지에, 국지적 지수를 통해서는 hot spot과 cold spot 위치 추적에 유용함을 알 수 있었다. 해양환경 공간분포 패턴과 군집 특성을 정량화는 것은 해양환경을 보다 깊이 이해할 수 있도록 할 뿐 아니라, 패턴의 원인을 찾는데도 중요한 역할을 할 것이다. For quantitative analysis of spatio-temporal distribution pattern on marine environment, spatial autocorrelation statistics on the both global and local aspects was applied to the observed data obtained from Gwangyang Bay in South Sea of Korea. Global indexes such as Moran`s I and General G were used for understanding environmental distribution pattern in the whole study area. LISAs (local indicators of spatial association) such as Moran`s I (Ii) and Gi* were considered to find similarity between a target feature and its neighborhood features and to detect hot spot and/or cold spot. Additionally, the significance test on clustered patterns by Z-scores was carried out. Statistical results showed variations of spatial patterns quantitatively in the whole year. Then all of general water quality, nutrients, chlorophyll-a and phytoplankton had strong clustered pattern in summer. When global indexes showed strong clustered pattern, the front region with a negative Ii which means a strong spatial variation was observed. Also, when global indexes showed random pattern, hot spot and/or cold spot were/was found in the small local region with a local index Gi*. Therefore, global indexes were useful for observing the strength and time series variations of clustered patterns in the whole study area, and local indexes were useful for tracing the location of hot spot and/or cold spot. Quantification of both spatial distribution pattern and clustering characteristics may play an important role to understand marine environment in depth and to find the reasons for spatial pattern.

공간 개념 계층에 따른 STOMP(FW) 알고리즘의 정확도 분석

이연식(Lee, Yon-Sik),김영자(Kim, Young-Ja),박성숙(Park, Sung-Sook) 한국산학기술학회 2010 한국산학기술학회논문지 Vol.11 No.12

기존의 패턴 탐사 기법들은 대부분 객체가 갖는 공간 정보의 연속적인 변화에 대한 패턴 탐사는 가능하나, 추출하고자 하는 패턴에 반드시 포함되어야 하는 공간 정보에 대한 제약이 없어 특정 지점들 사이의 최적 경로 탐색 문제나 단위기간 동안 이동 객체가 순회해야 하는 지점들에 대한 경로 예측 문제 등에 적용하기 어렵다. 본 논문에서 는 Road Network 상의 특정한 지점들 사이를 이동한 객체의 위치 데이터들 중 최다 빈발 패턴과 시간 및 비용 등의 가중치를 복합적으로 고려하여 최적의 이동 경로를 탐색하는 방법(Spatial-Temporal Optimal Moving Pattern(with Frequency & Weight) algorithm)[13]을 이용하여, 공간 개념 계층에 따른 경로 탐색의 정확도를 분석한다. 분석의 결 과는 패턴 탐사 과정에 있어 공간 제약을 적용하여 검색 데이터 범위를 축소함으로써 데이터베이스 검색 시간을 최 소화함을 보이고, 또한 공간 추상 계층의 각 계층별 영역 내 포함여부를 고려함으로써 효율적으로 최적 이동 패턴을 탐색하여 제공하도록 한다. Most of the existing pattern mining techniques are capable of searching patterns according to the continuous change of the spatial information of an object but there is no constraint on the spatial information that must be included in the extracted pattern. Thus, the existing techniques are not applicable to the optimal path search between specific nodes or path prediction considering the nodes that a moving object is required to round during a unit time. In this paper, the precision of the path search according to the spatial hierarchy is analyzed using the Spatial-Temporal Optimal Moving Pattern(with Frequency & Weight) (STOPM(FW)) algorithm which searches for the optimal moving path by considering the most frequent pattern and other weighted factors such as time and cost. The result of analysis shows that the database retrieval time is minimized through the reduction of retrieval range applying with the spatial constraints. Also, the optimal moving pattern is efficiently obtained by considering whether the moving pattern is included in each hierarchical spatial scope of the spatial hierarchy or not.

Spatial Characteristics and Driving Forces of Cultivated Land Changes by Coupling Spatial Autocorrelation Model and Spatial-temporal Big Data

( Wang Hua ),( Zhu Yuxin ),( Wang Mengyu ),( Niu Jiqiang ),( Chen Xueye ),( Zhang Yang ) 한국인터넷정보학회 2021 KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Syst Vol.15 No.2

With the rapid development of information technology, it is now possible to analyze the spatial patterns of cultivated land and its evolution by combining GIS, geostatistical analysis models and spatiotemporal big data for the dynamic monitoring and management of cultivated land resources. The spatial pattern of cultivated land and its evolutionary patterns in Luoyang City, China from 2009 to 2019 were analyzed using spatial autocorrelation and spatial autoregressive models on the basis of GIS technology. It was found that: (1) the area of cultivated land in Luoyang decreased then increased between 2009 and 2019, with an overall increase of 0.43% in 2019 compared to 2009, with cultivated land being dominant in the overall landscape of Luoyang; (2) cultivated land holdings in Luoyang are highly spatially autocorrelated, with the ‘high-high’-type area being concentrated in the border area directly north and northeast of Luoyang, while the ‘low-low’-type area is concentrated in the south and in the municipal area of Luoyang, and being heavily influenced by topography and urbanization. The expansion determined during the study period mainly took place in the Luoyang City, with most of it being transferred from the ‘high-low’-type area; (3) elevation, slope and industrial output values from analysis of the bivariate spatial autocorrelation and spatial autoregressive models of the drivers all had significant effects on the amount of cultivated land holdings, with elevation having a positive effect, and slope and industrial output having a negative effect.

패턴랭귀지를 적용한 콜라텍 공간의 특성 분석

장순각,유준아,민아람 한국실내디자인학회 2022 한국실내디자인학회논문집 Vol.31 No.1

The purpose of this study is to analyze and visualize thespatial characteristics of Collatechs, social leisure space for the elderly. For this, the network of pattern language was analyzed quantitatively and qualitatively. The study was conducted through a series of literature reviews, interviews, and network analysis using Ghepi. First, the Collatech cases were decomposed and reconstructed into small units called patterns. Patterns selected from the 253 original patterns suggested by Alexander were used or transformed, and new patterns were added. Next, a pattern language network diagram was constructed. Finally, the spatial characteristics of the Collatechs were analyzed by a thorough examination of the networks. The results of the network analysis are as follows. According to the betweenness centrality analysis of 47 patterns (13 original patterns, 14 transformed patterns, and 20 added patterns), ‘Stage(255)’, ‘Paths And Goals(120)’, ‘Sequence Of Sitting Spaces(142)’, ‘Space Arrangement Considering Privacy(127)’ showed high betweenness centrality values meaning the main patterns within the network of pattern language. CONCLUSION: Based on the results of the network analysis, we are able to describe the spatial and functional characteristics of Collatechs from four perspectives: stage, the discussion on the characteristics of the Collatech space is as follows. The stage of Collatech (i) is not only a “dance space”, but also serves as a space for rest by seats arranged along the wall of the stage (ii) serves as intermediary space by being connected to the waiting room or store directly. (iii) makes the elderly on the stage feel like they are in a short corridor through such furniture and space arrangement.

대학 캠퍼스 공간구조 유형에 관한 연구

구민아,김영대 한국조경학회 1999 韓國造景學會誌 Vol.26 No.4

This study is about the pattern of spatial structures of major university campuses in Korea. The pattern is composed of buildings, circulation, and open space within the campus. It is physical structural system which makes campus more educational environment as well as new academic landscape. The pattern is checked on the basis of existing sub-patterns of eleven universities with base data by using computer program, Autocad and Landcadd. The result is that most of campus spatial structures consists of simple and unified grid pattern. Basic educational facilities are at the center of the whole structure as well. Some universities are located in suburb and have large site which makes it more open space oriented pattern, more various exterior space and more specific circulation system. So the campus patterns of recently built is more diverse and has more design components. In most cases, campus does not have strong spatial coherence among its buildings, circulation, and open space. It is important to develop Korean formal campus spatial structure which is intrinsic to its site and is proper to its academic plan. Campus spatial structure should be formulated to embrace diverse demands of university and to accumulate unique university landscape.

연구논문 : 도시기후 형성 요소를 고려한 공간유형 분류 -창원시를 대상으로-

송봉근 ( Bong Geun Song ),박경훈 ( Kyung Hun Park ) 한국환경영향평가학회 2011 환경영향평가 Vol.20 No.3

The objective of this paper is to present a methodology for the classification of spatial patterns considering the parameters of urban form which play a significant role in the formation of the urban climate. The urban morphological parameters, i.e. building coverage, impervious pavement, vegetation, water, farmland and landuse types were used to classify the spatial patterns by a K-means cluster analysis. And the presented methodology was applied on Changwon city, South Korea. According to the results of cluster analysis, the total spatial patterns were classified as 24 patterns. First of all, The spatial patterns(A-1, A-2, A-3, B-1, B-2, B-3, C-1, C-2, C-3, D-1, D-2, D-3, E-1, E-2, E-3, F-1, F-2, F-3, G-1, G-2, G-3), which distributed in the rural area and the suburban area, can have the positive impacts of cold air generation and wind corridor on an urban climate environment, were distributed in the rural area. On the other hand, the spatial patterns of the downtown area including A-4, B-4, C-4 and D-4 are expected to have the negative impacts on urban climate owing to the of artificial heat emission or the wind flow obstruction. Finally, it will require the future research to analysis the climatic properties according to the same spatial patterns by the field survey.

행정구역 통합과 도시공간분포 변화분석

정경숙(Jung Kyeong Sook) 한국지방정부학회 2017 지방정부연구 Vol.20 No.4

이 논문은 행정구역 통합으로 나타난 공간분포의 변화를 2010년 7월 1일 마산시·창원시·진해시가 합쳐져 출범한 (통합)창원시를 대상으로 분석하여 향후 통합정책에 대한 함의를 모색하고자 하였다. 공간통계분석 방법인 Moran’s I 측정결과, (통합)창원시는 공간적 자기상관이 강하게 나타나 공간적으로 군집됨을 보였다. 그러나 3개 시를 세분화하여 측정한 결과, (통합)창원시 전체의 Moran’s I 값만으로는 해석할 수 없는 함의를 추출할 수 있었다. (통합)창원시가 공간적 자기상관 추정계수가 높게 도출된 이유는 창원시의 높은 공간적 군집에서 연유한 것이지 마산시와 진해시의 공간적 군집행태로 인한 것이 아님을 알 수 있었다. 또한 창원시는 통합 후 더 강한 공간적 군집을 보인 반면, 마산시는 통합 후 공간적 독립의 분포를, 진해시는 통합 후 뚜렷한 공간패턴을 보이지 않는 불특정한 양상의 지역적 특징을 보였다. 즉 (통합)창원시의 경우 통합후 공간군집성이 약화되었고 그 변화도 3개 시가 각기 다른 양상을 보임으로써 통합지역에 대한 공간분포의 변화는 일반적인 경우보다 복잡하고 차별화되는 것으로 나타났다. The purpose of this paper is to analyze the change of the urban spatial distribution patterns as (United) Changwon City is newly launched and to suggest a general urban management plan for the future. For this study, an empirical analysis was carried out through comparing urban spatial distribution patterns between before and after administrative district consolidation. The analysis results are as following; (United) Changwon City showed spatial cluster aspects which neighboring regions had similar housing-price group, i.e. high-price level regions or otherwise were clustering each other in location. But it was different with the results when 3 cities were decomposed respectively. Changwon showed spatially strong clustering and spatial cluster was increased in after-consolidation. Masan showed spatially weak clustering and showed little spatial cluster in after-consolidation. Jinhae showed spatially weak clustering in before-consolidation and random walk in after-consolidation. This paper indicates that as a case of (United) Changwon City administrative district consolidation seems to suggest directivity that can be different with other’s spatial structure trend.

고령자 행위 패턴 기반 지능형 거실 서비스 개발에 관한 연구

이성희(Lee, Sung-Hee),이현수(Lee, Hyun-Soo) 한국실내디자인학회 2012 한국실내디자인학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.14 No.3

With the improvement of the elderly housing and the change to consumer centered housing market. Because the elderly population is growing rapidly. Living space and the behavior of the human research are important in the construction plans. In particular, the living room space has been recognized most important in Korea. Because Korean people are accustomed to the livingroom centered housing. The Purpose of this study is to propose service patterns based on behavior patterns. We suggest a way to develop smart livingroom service. This paper stresses the importance of designing service patterns to match the behaviors of residents. Smart Service, in particular, focus on providing living spaces specifically designed for the aged. This paper derives a patterns based on elderly livingroom spatial behavior patterns(SP1). Service patterns(SP1) involves Entertainment and Leisure activities. This pattern is related to devices such as Community alarms, Digital table, Interactive family TV, Smart audio and video, 3D screen projector, Smart refrigerator, Household robot, Remote controller and timer and so on. For elderly people who want to enjoy the entertainment and leisure activities, Smart Service based on livingroom spatial behavior patterns(SP1) should be seriously considered.

AHP기법을 활용한 서울시 내부의 종합쇠퇴지수 산출 및 도시쇠퇴 공간패턴 탐색

채희원 ( Hee Won Chea ) 한국지리학회 2013 한국지리학회지 Vol.2 No.2

도시쇠퇴의 공간적 분포는 역동적으로 변화하므로 이에 대한 적절한 대처가 필요하지만, 도시쇠퇴 공간패턴 및 시계열변화에 대한 연구가 부족하다. 또한 공간패턴은 연구의 단위가 되는 공간스케일에 따라 다르게 나타나는데, 다양한 공간스케일에 따른 도시쇠퇴 공간패턴은 쇠퇴의 문제를 개선하고 지역맞춤형 정책을 세우는데 도움을 줄 수 있다. 도시쇠퇴는 특정공간에 집중될 가능성이 높기에 본 연구에서는 상대적이고 주관적인 쇠퇴의 속성을 측정하기 위한 연구방법론으로 AHP를 이용한 종합쇠퇴지수 (Synthetic Deprivation Index: SDI) 산출 방식을 고안하여 적용하고, 이를 통해 도시쇠퇴의 공간패턴을 분석했다. 또한, 두 시점간의 패턴을 비교하여 그 변화의 역동성을 탐색하고 도시 내부의 상이한 공간스케일에서 발생하는 쇠퇴패턴의 차이를 확인했다. 본 연구는 서울시 구별 공간과 동별 공간을 대상으로 1998년도와 2008년도의 두 시점을 비교했다. 쇠퇴 정도 평가를 위한 변수들이 위계를 갖도록 선정했다. 단순한 양적 자료보다는 특정 속성의 공간적 집중 정도를 살펴볼 수 있는 입지계수를 많이 활용했다. 분석결과AHP기법은 전문가들이 생각하는 쇠퇴 기준에 대한 유의미한 상대적 중요도 차이를 반영하고, 이를 공간패턴 분석에 적용하는데 도움을 준다. 시계열분석을 통해 1998년도에 서울의 도심을 중심으로 형성되던 쇠퇴패턴이 2008년도에는 서울 북부지역으로 이동한 것을 확인했다. 마지막으로 서로 다른 공간스케일의 쇠퇴패턴을 보았을 때, 서울시의 모든 구에 쇠퇴한 동들이 분포하고 있으며, 특히 쇠퇴한 동들은 대부분 도시 경계에 위치했다. The purpose of this study is to produce a Synthetic Deprivation Index (SDI); using AHP for logical and systematical synthesis of various criterions on urban deprivation with analyzing spatial patterns of synthetic urban deprivation and further exploring the dynamics of spatial pattern of urban deprivation. There was not a consensus of definition for Urban Deprivation. It means that criterion and perspectives could be different in time and region. According to the various existing research on urban deprivation, huge cities are experiencing problems of prevailing and multiple deprivation in diverse areas. So, Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) was applied to explore urban deprivation and the output has named the Synthetic Deprivation Index. The object region for this empirical study is Seoul. The regional scales are Gu and Dong. The periodical scales are 1998 and 2008. First, by using 2008’s Gu scale data the output of applying AHP can be compared and non-applying AHP to search the meaning of using AHP for urban deprivation. Second, search out the urban deprivation dynamic through the exploring urban deprivation spatial pattern change from 1998 to 2008. Third, the difference of the Gu scale deprivation pattern with Dong scale deprivation pattern is analyzed. Variables for assessment of urban deprivation were selected on the basis of preceding studies, especially location quotients are useful to reflect spatial convergence of specific nature. As a result, AHP is useful to reflect relative importance among many criterions, especially in the application of detecting urban deprivation spatial patterns. Chronicle analysis shows that more deprived areas positioned northern part of Seoul and the center of deprivation moved toward north. Finally by comparing between different regional scales, I found that deprived Dongs spread over the whole part of Seoul, most especially the northern part and the border area of the Seoul city.

수도권 외국인 범죄의 공간적 패턴에 대한 연구

박윤환(Park Yoon Hwan),황의갑(Hwang Eui Gab) 경찰대학 경찰학연구편집위원회 2013 경찰학연구 Vol.13 No.4

Crimes by foreigners have dramatically increased for the last decade, so many people believe that foreigners crime is one of the important elements threatening the safety of Korean society. Nonetheless, prior literature dealing with foreigners crime in Korea has failed to provide profound and concrete empirical evidences. The present research aims to not only analyze spatial pattern of foreigners crime but also discover the relationship between segregation and occurrence of foreigners crime by utilizing foreigners crime statistics and Si-gun-gu level census data for Seoul-metropolitan area where the majority of foreign population resides. According to a series of analytical results, si-gun-gu regions that appear highest foreigners crime rate per 1,000 foreigners(crime rate based on the number of foreign population) are Gwachon, Dongduchon, Anyang-Dongan while Ansan- Danwon shows the highest foreigners crime rate per 100,000 population(crime rate based on the number of whole population). Unlike the traditional crime rate based on per 100,000 whole population, foreigners crime rate per 1,000 foreigners is higher in the suburban areas than in other areas, so this specific spatial pattern is identified to be very similar with the spatial pattern of segregation. Spatial pattern of foreigners crime tends to be similar between year of 2007 and 2010 by indicating higher foreigners crime rates in the southern and western sector of Kyonggi Province. However, compared to the spatial pattern in 2007, the geographic scale of high foreigners crime rate areas appears to spatially extend toward south-east and south-west regions. Lastly, the research confirms that there is no spatial-autocorrelation for foreigners crime rate regardless of standardizing whole population or foreign population.