철골 트러스 구조의 자동화 최적설계

편해완,김용주,김수원,강문명 한국공간구조학회 2001 한국공간구조학회지 Vol.1 No.1

Generally, truss design has been determined by the designer's experience and intuition. But if we perform the most economical structural design we must consider not only cross-sections of members but also configurations(howe, warren and pratt types etc.) of single truss as the number of panel and truss height. The purpose of this study is to develope automated optimum design techniques for steel truss structures considering cross-sections of members and shape of trusses simultaneously. As the results, it could be possible to find easily the optimum solutions subject to design conditions at the preliminary structural design stage of the steel truss structures. In this study, the objective function is expressed as the whole member weight of trusses, and the applied constraints are as stresses, slenderness ratio, local buckling, deflection, member cross-sectional dimensions and truss height etc. The automated optimum design algorithm of this study is divided into three-level procedures. The first level on member cross-sectional optimization is performed by the sequential unconstrained minimization technique(SUMT) using dynamic programming method. And the second level about truss height optimization is applied for obtaining the optimum truss height by three-equal interval search method. The last level of optimization is applied for obtaining the optimum panel number of truss by integer programming method. The algorithm of multi-level optimization programming technique proposed in this study is more helpful for the economical design of plane trusses as well as space trusses.

Influence of Removed Web Members in Shaping Formation for Hypar Space Truss

JIN-WOO KIM,MIN-HO KWON,YONG HEE LEE 한국해양공학회 2006 韓國海洋工學會誌 Vol.20 No.2

This paper discusses the behavior of post-tensioned and shaped hypar space truss, with consideration of the influence of removing some web members. Hypar space truss is post-tensioned at the bottom chords of one diagonal on the ground; the essential behavior characteristic of shape formation is discussed by using a small-scale test model. Results of experiments and nonlinear finite-element analysis indicate that a planar, rectangular- arranged structure can be deformed to a predicted hypar shape, by the proposed shape formation method. Also the feasibility of the proposed method for furnishing of a hypar shaped space truss has been presented, under the conditions of both non-removed and partially removed web members. It follows that a nonlinear finite element analysis method can be used in predicting the behavior of the space shape and the post-tensioning force in shaping of hypar space truss. Further, in comparison to the other cases, the results of test and analysis show that the active diagonal shaping in the non-removed web members and passive diagonal shaping of partially removed web members are in relatively good agreement.

3D 프린터를 활용한 PLA 폴리머 Space Truss의 최적화

배재훈,장지우,주영규 한국공간구조학회 2020 한국공간구조학회지 Vol.20 No.1

In the era of the Fourth Industrial Revolution, Various attempts are being made to converge new industries with IT industry to find new growth engines in the field of IT, maximizing efficiency in terms of productivity. 3D printers are also related to this, and various studies have been conducted worldwide to utilize them in the construction industry. At present, there is an active effort to study atypical structures using 3D printers. The most widely used method is the use of glass panels, however, the additional cost of the manufacturing process and thus the overall project cost cannot be ignored. In addition, the construction of the curvature of the existing two-way curved surface in the conventional flat joint method is not suitable for implementing an amorphous shape. In this paper, we propose an optimized shape through Abaqus analysis of various shapes of Space Truss interior using 3D printing technology using polymer.

Comparative studies of double- and triple-layer space trusses

El-Sheikh, Ahmed Techno-Press 1999 Structural Engineering and Mechanics, An Int'l Jou Vol.8 No.4

In some space truss applications, particularly those with large spans, the choice of a triple-layer system might prove more cast effective than the more commonly used double-layer solution. However, there are currently no clear guidelines as to which system would be more competitive for intermediate span lengths. In this paper, comparisons in terms of the weight, stiffness and number of joints and members are made between the two system types and presented in order to simplify the choice process for the designer. The comparisons are carried out using an approximate analysis technique that is explained in this paper, and checked to be reasonably accurate and suitable for the preliminary design of space trusses.

프랫트러스의 디자인 구성요소 변화와 역학적 특성분석

박찬수,이주나,Park, Chan-Soo,Lee, Ju-Na 한국공간구조학회 2013 한국공간구조학회지 Vol.13 No.2

The design composition elements and the mechanical behavior of trusses have been investigated for Pratt trusses. As a result, it was determined that the design composition elements of the trusses consist of the composition of webs, the distance between joints, the chords profile, the depth of the truss, and the double chord composition. In addition, by analyzing models with a variation of elements, comprehensive features of structural behavior have been presented for variations of design of Pratt trusses. This is to provide more effective and useful design information on truss structure in the architectural and structural planning stage.

Transformation of static balancer from truss to linkage

Sang-Hyung Kim,조창현 대한기계학회 2016 JOURNAL OF MECHANICAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY Vol.30 No.5

This paper presents a transformation method by which a static balancer of a truss is transformed into static balancers of various mechanisms. For conventional design methods the kinematics and potential energy of every mechanism should be computed to design a static balancer. For the proposed design method, however, no computation of kinematics and potential energy is necessary to obtain static balancers of various mechanisms, once a static balancer of a truss has been designed. The concepts of the Baranov truss and associated linkage are adopted to determine transformation relations. Conversion rules are developed in the viewpoint of gravitational torques and deletion rules are determined to apply conversion rules to the design equation. Static balancers of various mechanisms (four-bar linkage, slider crank mechanism, Watt mechanism and sliding mechanism derived from the watt mechanism) are derived from those of the fivelink and seven-link Baranov trusses in this paper. Simulations results showed that complete gravity compensation is achieved for all derived mechanisms from Baranov trusses.

Simulated squirrel search algorithm: A hybrid metaheuristic method and its application to steel space truss optimization

Mateus P. Pauletto,Moacir Kripka 국제구조공학회 2022 Steel and Composite Structures, An International J Vol.45 No.4

One of the biggest problems in structural steel calculation is the design of structures using the lowest possible material weight, making this a slow and costly process. To achieve this objective, several optimization methods have been developed and tested. Nevertheless, a method that performs very efficiently when applied to different problems is not yet available. Based on this assumption, this work proposes a hybrid metaheuristic algorithm for geometric and dimensional optimization of space trusses, called Simulated Squirrel Search Algorithm, which consists of an association of the wellestablished neighborhood shifting algorithm (Simulated Annealing) with a recently developed promising population algorithm (Squirrel Search Algorithm, or SSA). In this study, two models are tried, being respectively, a classical model from the literature (25-bar space truss) and a roof system composed of space trusses. The structures are subjected to resistance and displacement constraints. A penalty function using Fuzzy Logic (FL) is investigated. Comparative analyses are performed between the Squirrel Search Algorithm (SSSA) and other optimization methods present in the literature. The results obtained indicate that the proposed method can be competitive with other heuristics.

Quantification and location damage detection of plane and space truss using residual force method and teaching-learning based optimization algorithm

Osman Shallan,Osman Hamdy 국제구조공학회 2022 Structural Engineering and Mechanics, An Int'l Jou Vol.81 No.2

This paper presents the quantification and location damage detection of plane and space truss structures in a twophase method to reduce the computations efforts significantly. In the first phase, a proposed damage indicator based on the residual force vector concept is used to get the suspected damaged members. In the second phase, using damage quantification as a variable, a teaching-learning based optimization algorithm (TLBO) is used to obtain the damage quantification value of the suspected members obtained in the first phase. TLBO is a relatively modern algorithm that has proved distinguished in solving optimization problems. For more verification of TLBO effeciency, the classical particle swarm optimization (PSO) is used in the second phase to make a comparison between TLBO and PSO algorithms. As it is clear, the first phase reduces the search space in the second phase, leading to considerable reduction in computations efforts. The method is applied on three examples, including plane and space trusses. Results have proved the capability of the proposed method to precisely detect the quantification and location of damage easily with low computational efforts, and the efficiency of TLBO in comparison to the classical PSO.

Stochastic Approach on Safe Designing of Double Layer Grid Space Structure against Member Length Imperfections

Hakan T. Türker 한국강구조학회 2021 International Journal of Steel Structures Vol.21 No.3

The imperfections in Double Layer Grid Space Structure (DLGSS) threaten the safety of designs. The imperfections in the member length of DLGSS may result from human-based causes such as manual cuts, tolerance sensitivity in CNC cuttings and variation in temperature. Therefore, analyzing the impacts of imperfections is vital to ensure the safety of DLGSS systems. Thus, a safe design of DLGSS against member length imperfections is the main focus of this paper. A novel and practical safe design approach, which considers member length imperfections, has been proposed based on linear elastic and probabilistic analyses methods. The impacts of member length imperfections on the DLGSS behavior were also evaluated in detail. Variation in positions of imperfect members, initial size of length imperfections (longer or shorter than the ideal size) and number of imperfect members were selected as the parameters to be analyzed. A 3D computer program, which considers the initial length imperfections of members, has been codded to analyze the space trusses. The impact of imperfection on a space structure was investigated by repeating the simulations for stochastic dispersion of imperfect member position and initial member length imperfection. The results revealed that initial length imperfection might have a considerable impact on the DLGSS behavior. The DLGSS systems can safely be designed by employing the proposed design approach to overcome the defi ned imperfections.

Time-history analysis based optimal design of space trusses: the CMA evolution strategy approach using GRNN and WA

Kaveh, A.,Fahimi-Farzam, M.,Kalateh-Ahani, M. Techno-Press 2012 Structural Engineering and Mechanics, An Int'l Jou Vol.44 No.3

In recent years, the need for optimal design of structures under time-history loading aroused great attention in researchers. The main problem in this field is the extremely high computational demand of time-history analyses, which may convert the solution algorithm to an illogical one. In this paper, a new framework is developed to solve the size optimization problem of steel truss structures subjected to ground motions. In order to solve this problem, the covariance matrix adaptation evolution strategy algorithm is employed for the optimization procedure, while a generalized regression neural network is utilized as a meta-model for fitness approximation. Moreover, the computational cost of time-history analysis is decreased through a wavelet analysis. Capability and efficiency of the proposed framework is investigated via two design examples, comprising of a tower truss and a footbridge truss.